March 14. Table of Contents: 91. March 14 & Unit 5 Graphic Organizer part Dream Journal Assignment

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2 March 14 Agenda: 1. Graphic Organizer Part 1 for Unit 5 2. Sleep episode Table of Contents: 91. March 14 & Unit 5 Graphic Organizer part Dream Journal Assignment Homework: 1. Test on Friday! (Reading Questions due) 2. Keep your dream journal (due Monday) 3. Study your notes! EQssss- What is consciousness? What are the different levels of consciousness? Why do we sleep? What are the stages of sleep? Why do we dream? Do Now: Answer the following YES or NO: 1. I need an alarm clock in order to wake up at the appropriate time. 2. It s a struggle for me to get out of bed in the morning. 3. Weekday mornings I hit the snooze bar several times. 4. I feel tired, irritable, and stressed out during the week. 5. I have trouble concentrating and remembering things. 6. I feel slow with critical thinking, problem solving and being creative. 7. I often fall asleep watching TV. 8. I often fall asleep when I am bored or in a warm room. 9. I often fall asleep after a big meal. 10. I often fall asleep when I m relaxing. 11. I often feel drowsy when I am driving. 12. I often fall asleep within a few minutes of getting in bed. 13. I often sleep extra hours on the weekend. 14. I often need a nap to make it through the day. 15. I have dark circles under my eyes. 2

3 States of Consciousness: Unit 5 AP Psychology 3

4 What is Consciousness? Consciousness Your awareness of the outside world and yourself. 4

5 Levels of Consciousness: Preconscious Outside of your normal awareness Ex: You can recall the information if need be (what you had for dinner last night) Nonconscious Biological functions that we are not aware of at all Ex: Blood flow, secretion of hormones, bile production The Unconscious (subconscious) unacceptable feelings, wishes, or desires that you normally can t access 5

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7 Why Do We Sleep? What if we didn t have to sleep? If you stay up long enough, your brain will shut down your body and force you to sleep. So, why is sleep so important? We will find out today the top three reasons researchers believe we need to sleep. 7

8 Theories About Sleep s Function: #1 Sleep Helps Us Recover: Sleep helps to restore and repair brain and muscle tissue. (restorative) Have you ever noticed that when you are studying or working out a lot you require more sleep? (protein synthesis) Think about your body as a rechargeable battery that needs plugged in every night in order to be at full strength. 8

9 Theories About Sleep s Function: #1 (cont) Interesting Fact: Studies of Kenyan distance runners show regular cycles of sleeping, eating and running. In fact, a typical day for an in season Kenyan (marathon) runner looks like this: 1. Wake up and run 10 miles 2. Eat breakfast 3. Sleep for 3 hours. 4. Wake up and run 8 miles 5. Eat lunch 6. Sleep for 3 hours. 7. Wake up and run 6 miles 8. Eat dinner 9. Go to bed for the night 9

10 Theories About Sleep s Function: #2 Information Consolidation: During sleep, we restore and rebuild our memories of the day s experiences. Research shows that people that study and then sleep, show improved scores on tests and even basic recall. Sleeping also seems to help people think more creatively, allowing the brain to refresh and be more free thinking. 10

11 Theories About Sleep s Function: #3 Sleep Plays a Role in The Growth Process: During deep sleep, the pituitary gland released growth hormone. Interesting fact: As we age, we release less of this hormone and spend less time in deep sleep. I think this guy has been doing a bit more than sleeping. 11

12 Your Biological Clock: Your hypothalamus controls your biological clock. Circadian Rhythms daily patterns of change in regard to blood pressure, body temp, pulse, blood-sugar, hormonal levels, activity levels, sleep, and wakefulness over a 24hr period. These can be altered by a change in sleep patterns, stress, or exercise. 12

13 Introduction: Even during sleep, the brain is active throughout the night. Researchers can track brain patterns using dozens of tiny electrodes to your scalp or body. They can then record electrical brain activity as you pass through the stages of sleep. 13

14 Stages of Sleep: Stages of Sleep - Changes in electrical activity in the brain. The body also goes through changes in response to these changes in electrical activity. 14

15 How is Sleep Divided? Sleep is divided into two major categories. Non REM and REM REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement Non REM Where you spend approximately 80% of your sleep time. This is divided into sleep stages 1-4. Each stage has a particular pattern of brain waves and physiological responses. 15

16 EEG s have revealed that brain waves change systematically throughout the sleep cycle. 16

17 Stage 1 Sleep This is the lightest stage of sleep. This is the transition from wakefulness to sleep. Lasts about 1-7 minutes. You spend about 4-5% of your time in this stage each night You experience drifting thoughts and images. May sense body falling or floating Brain waves are relatively normal 17

18 Hypnagogic Sleep: Hypnagogic Sleep - This is the very relaxed and drowsy state that you pass through before entering sleep. This is that feeling you get when you are watching a movie and your eyelids start to get heavy and you have trouble keeping your eyes open. 18

19 Stage 2 Sleep Marks the beginning of what we know of as sleep. You spend 45-55% of your time each night in this sleep stage You have high activity bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles. In this stage your Heart rate, Muscle tension, Respiration, and Body temperature all decrease. It also becomes more difficult for you to become awakened. Your brain waves begin to spread out 19

20 Stage 3 and 4 Sleep About minutes after drifting off to sleep you pass through stage 3 (4-6% of your time each night) and enter stage 4 sleep. Stage 3- transitional, lasts about 4 mins. Stage 4 sleep also called delta sleep You spend 12-15% of your time each night in this sleep stage Growth hormone is secreted here Deepest sleep stage Very difficult to be awakened from. Your brain waves are very spread out and active during stage 4 Sleepwalking, bedwetting occur 20

21 What happens next? After spending awhile in stage 4 (a few min. to an hour), you will backtrack through stages 3 and 2 and then pass into a new stage called REM sleep. REM sleep is associated with dreaming. NOTE: You will spend more time in stage 4 sleep if you exerted yourself more than normal that day I don t know anyone that looks this nice while sleeping! 21

22 REM Sleep: This makes up the remaining 20-25% of your sleep time. Starts about an hour after falling asleep REM Rapid Eye Movement During REM, your body is physiologically very aroused, but all of your voluntary muscles are kept paralyzed by the brainstem REM sleep is highly associated with dreaming- dreams will be emotional, story like, very vivid Nightmares are most common here Called paradoxical sleep because body is internally aroused but externally calm 22

23 REM: What they found amazing! The brain was aroused like you were awake. (looking at brain patterns) Blood pressure and heart rate were sometimes 2x the normal amount! 23

24 Check this out!! By looking at brain wave recordings alone, researchers cannot tell if a person is in REM sleep or wide awake. (Plotnik 1998) Only the additional recordings of rapid eye movements indicate the occurrence of REM sleep. 24

25 A bit more about REM sleep: You pass into REM sleep about 5-6 times throughout the night. These periods are usually minutes apart. You remain in each period of REM sleep for minutes and then pass back into non-rem sleep. 25

26 REM Rebound REM Rebound Refers to an increased % of time spent in REM sleep when we are deprived of REM sleep on the previous nights. 26

27 Interpretation of Dreams: What do dreams mean? 5 theories Wish-fulfillment Information-Processing Physiological functioning Activation-Synthesis Cognitive Development Lucid Dreaming Link: 27

28 Dream Theories Wish Fulfillment- dreams allow us to deal with unacceptable feelings Information-Processinghelp us sort through the day s events and consolidate memories Physiological- stimulate parts of the brain to help build and preserve neural pathways Activation-Synthesisdreams are our minds attempt to make sense of the seemingly random firing of neurons in our brains Cognitive Developmentreflect changes in our brains as they mature and develop 28