Heterodera glycines. A Threat to Dry Bean production. Berlin Nelson Jr., Professor, North Dakota State Univ., Plant Pathology

Transcription

1 SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (SCN) AND DRY BEAN A Threat to Dry Bean production Berlin Nelson Jr., Professor, North Dakota State Univ., Plant Pathology P. vulgaris How we got to the threat stage. What we know aout SCN on ean What are we doing to deal with this threat. Heterodera glycines

2 Soyean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Dry ean root Female SCN

3 Second stage larvae infects root Egg The stylet penetrates the host cell

4 SCN distriution in 1973 Map y Gregory Tylka 1954 first reported in the U.S. in North Carolina

5 Gregory Tylka SCN distriution in 2001

6 Gregory Tylka SCN distriution in 2014

7 Manitoa ND MN SD DRY EDIBLE BEANS ACRES PLANTED 2015 NORTH DAKOTA 655,000 MINNESOTA 190,000 TOTAL = ~ 845,000 ACRES; ~ 48% OF US BEAN PRODUCTION SCN discovered in 2003 (lack arrow)

8 Good hosts Soyean Dry ean Lupines Garden pea HOST CROPS OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE Poor hosts Borage Camelina Chickpea Crame Cuphea Nyjer Safflower We tested 48 weed species from ND and only iennial wormwood, field pennycress and henit are considered hosts Weed Hosts American and Carolina vetch Common and mouse-ear chickweed Common mullein Field pennycress Hemp sesania Henit Hop clovers Milk and wood vetch Pokeweed Purple deadnettle Purslane

9 What conditions favor SCN? Susceptile host roots Good growing conditions for plant Lighter soils over heavy clay soils Warm soils over cooler soils Drier soils over wetter soils Population densities tend to e higher as soil ph increases from 5.5 to 8 The long cold winter with low soil temps favors survival of population Any thing that spreads soil particles will move SCN Optimum temperature for reproduction around 28 C (82 F) SCN competes the life cycle in aout days at favorale temperatures

10 SCN spreads easily from field to field and over longer distances Soil peds in seed Farm equipment in soil particles Anything that moves soil can move SCN

11 Female index Buster GTS-900 Maverick PINTO NAVY Othello Rally Remington Topaz Winchester Cirrus Ensign Mayflower Navigator Norstar Premiere Seahawk Vista Cal Early KIDNEY Susceptile soyean BLACK Chinook Montcalm Red Hawk T-39 Condor Jaguar Eclipse Lee 74 Female Index (FI) is used to rate resistance/susceptiility to SCN in soyean. FI<10 = resistant; FI = moderately resistant; FI moderately susceptile; FI>60 susceptile.

12 Figure 1. Effect of soyean cyst nematode on the pinto ean variety GTS900 in a field experiment in Total seed weight from SCN infected plants was only 44% of the control a* *Colums with the same letter are not significantly different a a ` Stem Height (cm) Numer of Pods Weight of Pods (g) Numer of Seeds Weight of Seeds (g) Total Plant Dry Weight (g) a a a Control 5,000 eggs/100 cc 10,000 eggs/100 cc

13 EFFECT OF SCN ON GROWTH OF DRY BEAN Pinto ean field experiment in ,000 EGGS/100 CC SOIL CONTROL 10,000 EGGS/100 CC SOIL

14 GTS 900 (pinto ean) Ward site *Colums with the same letter are not significantly different a a* a a c c a a a a a a a 10 0 Stem Height (cm) Numer of Pods Weight of Pods (g) Numer of Sedds Weight of Seeds Total Plant Dry Weight (g) Control 2,500 eggs/100 cc 5,000 eggs/100 cc 10,000 eggs/100 cc

15 Summary of what we know aout SCN and dry eans SCN reproduces on dry ean in the field and will add sustantial numers of eggs to the soil Dry ean yields can e reduced y SCN Egg density associated with yield loss in pinto and navy ean will proaly e higher than with soyean. You can have SCN in dry ean and not notice the damage y looking at plants important to rememer!

16 Where are we headed with SCN-DRY BEAN research At NDSU we have a large program on this issue including: Dr. Julie Pasche dry ean pathologist Dr. Juan Osorno dry ean reeder Dr. Phil McClean dry ean geneticist Dr. Sam Markell extension pathologist Dr. Guiping Yan nematologist Dr. Berlin Nelson plant pathologist Research scientists: Dr. Shalu Jain Dr. Susilo Poromarto

17 DRY BEAN SCN RESEARCH Funded y: Northarvest Bean growers. Several USDA grants specialty crop program. Current research projects: Sources of resistance in dry ean to SCN Breeding for resistance to SCN Genetics of SCN resistance Interaction of SCN and root rot pathogens of dry ean Outreach programs to inform growers aout SCN

18 We have een actively searching for resistance in: Commercial ean varieties Plant Introductions Core collection of P. vulgaris.

19 Evaluations of 416 accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris from the core collection for host suitaility to SCN HG type 0. Identified 55 PI s with FI s of 10 or less for HG0 and 10 with good resistance to HG2.5.7

20 Breeding for resistance to HG 0 SCN in dry ean

21 How to prevent damage from SCN in dry ean #1. Find out if you have SCN in your fields. Sample the soil and have the samples processed y a qualified laoratory. They will tell you the numer of eggs per 100 cc of soil. Soil proe to collect soil in upper 6-8 inches. Zig-zag pattern. Take numerous soil samples and then comine samples and mix thoroughly. Send 2 cups of soil for analysis.

22 How to prevent damage from SCN in dry ean #1. Find out if you have SCN in your fields. Sample the soil and have the samples processed y a qualified laoratory. They will tell you the numer of eggs per 100 cc of soil. #2. If you have SCN. Consider longer rotation to non-host crops to reduce egg levels. Consider keeping dry eans off the infested fields. Minimize soil movement etween infested and non infested fields. Monitor the egg levels to watch for increases in egg numers. Higher egg numers will result in more damage. #3. If you grow kidney ean, e especially aware of potential damage. #4 Bean types and cultivars differ in susceptiility to SCN.

23 MOST IMPORTANT POINT IS TO KEEP EGG LEVELS LOW FINAL POINT: SCN CAN INTERACT WITH FUNGAL ROOT PATHOGENS AN NDSU VIDEO OF THE SCN BEAN PROBLEM IS AVAILABLE ON YOUTUBE.