PG VS VG... A1 MENTHOL CRYSTALS... A2 ETHYL MALTOL... A2

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1 Table Of Contents Introduction Key Terms Icon Legend Start Nicotine Flavoring Pre-dilution dilution Final Recipe Mixing ejuice Mixing Guide by Liquid Barn Steeping Appendix PG VS VG A1 MENTHOL CRYSTALS A2 ETHYL MALTOL A2

2 2 Introduction 3 Making your own ejuice provides you with freedom. Having the knowledge to not only make your own ejuice, but also to better understand how ejuice is structured, is empowering. Mixing your own ejuice is fairly simple. The tough part is finding a unique combination of flavors that blend well together to create a great flavor. Through trial and error you may make some not so good flavors, but you will eventually make exceptional flavors. The more creative you get, the more unique your flavors will become. We will work through the steps of mixing your own ejuice, providing tips and using an example mix along the way. Using your recipe book provided in this kit, you can track your recipes and make adjustments to help you perfect your mixing. The mat provided in the kit serves as a guide during your mixes. Write down your steps on the mat with your provided dry erase marker. Make sure to only use a dry erase marker. Once you are ready to mix, you can use the mat to help protect your mix area from spills. Key Terms Additional PG: Refers to the amount of pure propylene glycol to be added to your mixture as a diluting agent. Additional VG: Refers to the amount of pure vegetable glycerin to be added to your mixture as a diluting agent. Base Nicotine: The unflavored, liquid nicotine you are using to make your e-juice. The base nicotine needs to be diluted if stronger than 6 mg. : Your batch size is the quantity of ejuice you are making. It is best to produce smaller batches for new recipes or when working with flavors you are unsure about. Beaker: A cup shaped measuring instrument used as a mixing vessel or to measure larger amounts of liquids. Graduated Cylinder: A measuring instrument used to precisely measure liquids. These will allow you to be more accurate when reading levels being as less volume is dispersed at the measurement mark. If you are unsure about anything, give us a call. We are more than happy to help you out. Before we get into it, there is one thing I would like to clarify right from the beginning. There are many online calculators, and methods for creating ejuice. Rather than having it automatically done for you, this serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the calculations behind mixing ejuice. Knowing the calculations behind your recipes will only help to further your progress in mixing ejuice. With that said, this guide takes a simplified but educational approach to teaching you the fundamentals of mixing ejuice. To keep things simple, this manual assumes there are only four ingredients being used: PG, VG, nicotine, and flavor concentrates. There are plenty of additional ingredients (such as pure grain alcohol, menthol, sweeteners) and other various compounds that we will not go into. If your flavor concentrates have a mixed base of pure grain alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or other various ingredients, we will assume it has a base of 100 PG, or 100 VG. This is to keep the process simple, and give you a close representation of your PG/ VG ratio. When accounting for your PG and VG, the total percentage of flavors used, as well as, the total percent of base nicotine used, will be counted toward either PG and/or VG. Flavors: Flavors refer to the flavor concentrates you are using in your mixture. Flavor concentrates are usually PG based and soluble in water. The amount of flavoring making up your batch can range anywhere from The flavor blends used in ejuice are very concentrated and not intended to be consumed directly without diluting. Needle (Blunt Tip) : A hollow, dull tip that can be attached to the head of your syringe. Blunt tip needles are useful when extracting liquids from the bottom of containers or out of containers with narrow necks. Syringe: A measuring instrument used to precisely measure small quantities of liquid. Syringes are great for measuring flavor concentrates and nicotine. Target Nicotine: The Nicotine strength you would like your final result to be after adding all of your components. Target Nicotine refers to the nicotine strength you want your batch to be once it is finished being mixed. Icon Legend Corresponds to the step number, & the section on the mat. Example recipe following each step. Take your time and have some fun. Variable to be solved.

3 4 Start To get started you will want to fill out some basic information to help you outline your recipe. The name of your recipe, your batch size (the amount of ejuice you want to make), your target nicotine (your desired nicotine strength), and your base nicotine strength. Nicotine You will need to know the amount of your base nicotine you need to add to your mix to reach your desired nicotine strength (target nicotine). To do this you can use the formula below. The first part of the formula is simply your target nicotine divided by your base nicotine. Multiply this number by your batch size to get the result of your base nicotine in milliliters. You will need to add this number to your batch to reach your target nicotine strength. 5 1 Recipe Target Nicotine Base Nicotine I am planning on making a strawberry lemonade flavored ejuice. I am not sure how this will come out so I will make a small batch of 60 milliliters. I like vaping a lower nicotine strength of 6mg so my target nicotine strength will be 6 mg. I have a bottle of unflavored, liquid nicotine diluted in vegetable glycerin with a strength of 36 milligrams. This bottle of unflavored liquid nicotine is refered to as my base nicotine. I will use this to reach my target nicotine strength of 6 mg. mg mg Recipe Strawberry Lemonade 60 Target Nicotine 6 mg Base Nicotine 36 mg (name) 2 3 Target Nicotine (mg) Base Nicotine (mg) 6 36 X () Amount of base nicotine to add to mixture to achieve target nicotine strength. By dividing my target nicotine strength (6mg) by my base nicotine strength (36mg) and then multiplying that number by my batch size (60), I will have the amount of base nicotine I need to add to my mixture. I will need to add 10 milliliters of my base nicotine to acheive a target nicotine strength of 6. X It is also helpful to know what percentage of the batch your base nicotine makes up. To find this percent simply take the amount of base nicotine you are adding to your batch and divide it by the size of the batch. You then need to multiply this number by 100 to convert it into a percentage. Amount of base nicotine to add to mixture to achieve target nicotine strength. X100 of base nicotine being added to batch. To find the amount of base nicotine making up my recipe as a percentage, I divide the amount of base nicotine I am using by my batch size. I then multiply this number by 100 to put it in percentage form. My base nicotine will make up 16.7 of my batch X

4 6 Flavoring Keeping it simple we will be working with 3 flavors. You are not limited to 3 flavor concentrates, nor do you need to use more than 1. The more flavors you use, the more complex your recipe becomes. Once you are comfortable with your flavors and mixing your batches, feel free to experiment with more complex recipes. Until then, it is best to keep your recipes as basic as you can. As a general rule of thumb, total flavoring should not exceed 30. Therefore if you are using more than 1 flavor, the sum of the flavor(s) should not exceed 30. The percentage for each flavor will vary depending on the flavor concentrate you are using. If you are unsure about the percentage of a flavor, refer to the flavor recommendation chart in A1 of the appendix. 4 Flavor 1 Flavor 2 Flavor 3 Before you finish your recipe by diluting the remainder with PG and/or VG, you need to calculate the percentage of PG and VG already being used from your base nicotine and flavors. Remember: your flavor concentrates and your base nicotine are either PG and/or VG based. *Note: This step will allow you to decide what your final PG to VG ratio will be. At this point, the nicotine and your flavor concentrates are the only factors making up your recipe. (The percentage of your base nicotine can be found in step 3, and the percentage of your flavors can be found in step 4.) Add the total percentage of PG from your flavors and nicotine, and add the total percentage of VG from your flavors and nicotine. This will give you the total premix. 5 Pre-Dilution + Total Premix PG Total Premix VG Total Premix 7 To make my strawberry lemonade I will use Limon Twist, Strawberry and Dew Mountain to add a hint of carbonation. Limon Twist is very potent so I will only use about 2 Limon Twist. Strawberry is my main flavor and is fairly light so I will use about 15 Strawberry. The Dew Mountain is being used to complement my flavor so I will use 8 Dew Mountain. Flavor 1 Flavor 2 Flavor 3 Strawberry Dew Mountain Limon Twist In my strawberry lemonade example, my base nicotine and flavor concentrates make up a total of 41.7 (16.7 base nicotine,15 Strawberry, 8 Dew Mountain, and 2 Limon Twist). Since my base nicotine is diluted in VG, I will count the entire16.7 towards my total VG. Since my flavors are diluted in PG, I will count the sum of all flavors (25) towards my total PG. (Strawberry 15 + Dew Mountain 8 + Limon Twist 2) Total Premix PG + 25 Total Premix VG 16.7 Total Premix 41.7

5 8 Diluting 9 You want to finish diluting your batch with either PG, VG or a mix of both. Your recipe should equal 100. Using your total premix percentage from step 5, you can figure out the remaining percent. You will now calculate the measurements needed to complete your recipe. This is also a good way to double check your work. Your total percentage of ingredients should equal 100 and the sum of your ingredients (in milliliters) should equal your batch size. Be sure to convert your percentages to decimal form Total Premix of additional PG and/or VG You already know how many milliliters of your base nicotine to add from step 2. To find the amount (in milliliters) for each flavor you are adding, simply multiply the percentage of each flavor you are using by the batch size. In order to finish diluting my recipe, I will need to know how much I need to dilute it. If my recipe has to equal 100 and I have already used 41.7, then I know I need to dilute the remaining Flavor Batch size in milliliters Amount of Flavor to add to batch 8 Flavor 1 Flavor 2 Flavor 3 X X X Amount of Flavor 1 Extract to add to batch Amount of Flavor 2 Extract to add to batch Amount of Flavor 3 Extract to add to batch Next, you will need to decide how to dilute your recipe. You know how much you need to dilute it from step 6, but you need to decide if you are going to use PG, VG or a mix of both. Write out the percentage of PG, and/or VG, you will be using to make up the remainder of your recipe. If you are unsure of this, read the PG vs VG section in A2 of the appendix. *Note: 65/35 is a common starting place. This means that 65 is PG and 35 is VG. 7 of additional PG and/or VG I know I need an to dilute an additional 58.3 to finish my recipe. I know that I want a final ratio of 65/35 PG to VG (65 PG and 35 VG). So far I know I have 25 PG from my flavors and 16.7 VG from my nicotine. These numbers can be found in step 5. To get my PG ratio to 65, I will need an additional 40 PG. To get to my VG ratio to 35, I will need an additional 18.3 VG. PG VG I have already determined the percentage of flavoring to be used from step 4. To find how many milliliters of each flavor to use I will multiply the percentage of each flavor by the batch size. You have the percentage of additional PG and/or VG you are using to finish diluting your recipe from step 7. You will need to convert the percentage(s) to be relative to your batch size. To do this you will simply multiply the percentage of each diluter by your batch size. 9 of Flavoring Amount in Milliliters Strawberry 15 X 60 () 9 () Dew Mountain Limon Twist 8 2 X () () () () of additional PG &/ or VG X I have already found the additional amount of PG and VG I need to finish diluting my recipe from step 7. I will now make the calculations to convert the percentage of additional PG and VG to milliliters. Remainder of dilution in milliliters to add to batch 58.3 of additional PG &/ or VG PG VG additional PG additional VG 40 X X

6 10 Final Recipe Mixing You will want to finalize your recipe by writing out your ingredients and the amount of milliliters needed for each ingredient. You should do this before mixing to keep track of your steps more efficiently. 10 Flavor 1 Flavor 2 Flavor 3 Nicotine Additional PG Additional VG Step 4 Step 2 Step 9 Note: Your final recipe should be checked for mathematical errors before you mix. The total percentage of your ingredients should be equal to 100. The sum of your ingredients in milliliters should be equal to your batch size. You can now mix all of your ingredients. I recommend mixing into a beaker so you can gauge your overall batch size. Depending on the amount of an ingredient to be measured, you may want to consider using different size syringes, graduated cylinders and beakers. If you are using nicotine, it is critical that you make sure you measure it accurately and check your math. Nicotine is used at your own risk. If you are not comfortable handling nicotine, do NOT use nicotine. Your final batch should be stored in a suitable container. Plastic LDPE bottles are well suited for storing liquids. LDPE plastic is durable, has a high temperature tolerance rating and a good chemical resistance rating. Glass can also be a great storage container, but it is more expensive and fragile. The container used for storage should be opaque because light will tend to negatively affect ejuice. Use a child resistant cap. Your juices, liquids and mixing equipment should be kept away from children and pets at all times. 11 Strawberry Dew Mountain Limon Twist Nicotine Additional PG Additional VG Example Final Recipe ML 1.2 Limon Twist 1.2 ML 10 Dew Mountain 4.8 ML 24 Strawberry 9 ML 11 Nicotine 10 ML You can mix your ingredients together using the tools provided. You should stick to using tools based on the amount of ingredients you are measuring. If your flavor extracts require less than 5 you will get more accurate results with syringes. You want to avoid using the same tool multiple times, such as using a 10 cylinder to measure out 45 milliliters of VG. Take a look at your recipe and the amounts required and use the correct tools. * Rounded to the nearest 10th Additional VG 11 ML Total PG Total VG Additional PG 24 ML Flavor Extracts PG VG Mixing Vessel

7 12 Steeping Steeping is one of the most important aspects when mixing your own juices. There are many different methods to this. Personally, I like to steep my juices by taste. Some flavors taste better than others with longer steeping times. I have had flavors that taste terrible without being steeped long enough, and others that taste horrible if steeped to long. Store it in a cool, dark location away from pets and children. You will want to agitate your batch a couple times a day. You can use Liquid Barns steeping flasks which are great for this. You will also want to open the lid and let air in at least once a day, this will allow for it to oxidize. The amount of time you let is steep is up to you. I recommend taking notes as you test it every couple days. You will get a better idea for how long to steep your various recipes. Using your recipe book priovided, take notes on your recipes Color, Aroma, Sweetness, Tartness, Flavor, Fullness, etc. DAY 1: Make sure you store your batch in an opaque bottle away from light. Shake the bottle well for about 1-2 minutes or use your liquid barn mixer. Uncap the bottle at the end of the day for about 30 seconds to allow your batch to start oxidizing. DAY 3: Test your batch for your flavors sweetness, tart, aroma, color, smell, vapor production. *Make sure to take notes. PG VS vg A 1 Propylene Glycol, also referred to as PG, is much thinner than vegetable glycerin. Its consistency is comparable to water. It wicks nicer and provides you with a stronger throat hit. PG tends to give you a genuine discernment of the flavors you are adding to your mixture. Vegetable Glycerin, also referred to as VG, is very thick compared to water and propylene glycol. It has a slightly sweeter taste, and will provide more cloud smoke than PG. Due to the viscocity of vegetable glycerin, it does not wick as well as propylene glycol and may wear down your atomizer quicker. For someone who recently quit smoking, or is in the process of quitting, a higher PG mix is often preferred, as you will get more of a throat hit often found in traditional cigarettes. For someone looking to generate heavy clouds, or someone who may have allergens to propylene glycol, a higher VG mix will be preferred. Many people in the process of giving up smoking, or who have already quit may find two juices useful. One juice with their preferred nicotine strength & one juice with zero nicotine strength. One will act as a nicotine suppressant, helping fulfill the nicotine craving. The other juice being that of 0 nicotine strength which can be used as an all-day vape helping fulfill the habitual aspect of smoking. For someone wanting a little of both, well that is where you have to get your mix on and experiment. DAY 5: Use your mixer supplied with your kit to mix your batch well. You may want to mix for about 5 seconds, then shake it for about 2 minutes. Using the mixer tool for to long may add to much air to your mix. Test your batch for your flavors sweetness, tart, aroma, color, smell, vapor production. Make sure to take notes. Repeat these steps until you are satisfied. Many juices may only need 1 day of steeping depending on the complexity and ingredients of your blends. Tobacco blends, and multiple flavor blends tend to taste better as they mature. Simple fruit based flavors may have enough punch right of the bat. Taking notes during the process will allow you to gauge your recipes and work towards perfection.

8 A 2 Menthol Flavoring Menthol can add a refreshing, cooling, mint effect to your line of juices. If you have never used menthol crystals before start off with a small amount and work your way up. Menthol crystals are very potent. Menthol crystals should be diluted in propylene glycol, or pure grain alcohol. I recommend using an 8-12 solution. Start off by diluting anywhere from 0.8 to 1.2 grams of menthol crystals with 10 milliliters of propylene glycol or pure grain alcohol. Ethyl Maltol Ethyl maltol is an excellent sweetner. It will soften sharp flavors and add a distinct sweetness to your ejuice. Dissolve 1/4 teaspoon of Ethyl Maltol crystals in 10 of PG. Bring a pot of water to a boil. Turn off the heat. Take your PG and place it inside of a glass bowl. Put that glass bowl inside the pot of hot water, being careful to make sure no water gets inside the glass bowl. You can then add the Ethyl Maltol crystals to the glass bowl allowing them to dissolve. Add this solution to your flavors as needed. hello@liquidbarn.com Los Angeles, CA

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