SMOKING HABITS OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ABHA, SAUDI ARABIA
|
|
- Barbra Sharon Ford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SMOKING HABITS OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ABHA, SAUDI ARABIA Mostafa A. Abolfotouh, DrPH; Mostafa Abdel Aziz, MD; Wole Alakija, MD; Abdullah Al-Safy, PhD; Majed S. Khattab, MD; Soleiman Mirdad, MD; AbdulRahman Al-Juhani, PhD; Mohammed Al-Humaidi, MD Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking among university students of King Saud University in Abha City, to determine ecological factors for the problem, and to assess the students knowledge about the health effects of smoking, and attitudes towards public action against smoking. Materials and Methods: All medical students at the University College of Medicine () (n=202), and a representative sample of students of the College of Education () (n=300), were subjected to a modified Arabic version of the World Health Organization standard questionnaire for young people to study their knowledge, attitudes and practices of smoking. Results: The study revealed the following results among students of the and those of the, respectively. Prevalence of regular smoking (17.5% vs. 13.6%; P=0.25); heavy smokers (39.5% vs. 27.8%; P=0.38); smokers of moderate- to high-nicotine yield (92.7% vs. 50%, P=0.0004), and tar yield (48.8% vs. 16.7%, P=0.02). Curiosity was the main reason for initiation of smoking (41.2% vs. 51.9%), followed by the desire to show off (27.5% vs. 51.9%, P=0.03), and peer pressure (27.5% vs. 7.4%, P=0.04). Friends were the main source of the first cigarette (53.1% vs. 55.6%), followed by parents (2% vs. 40.7%, P=0.0001). Most students were knowledgeable about smoking and had favorable attitudes against it. However, students were significantly more knowledgeable than those of the. Conclusion: Smoking still constitutes a major problem among university students in Abha, in spite of their knowledge of its hazards. This may be due to the addictive effect of smoking, peer pressure, negative parental attitudes and other reasons. There is a need to implement an anti-smoking program for college students, and possibly legislation to limit the amount of tar and nicotine in cigarettes. Ann Saudi Med 1998;18(3): Key words: Smoking prevalence and habits. Smoking is a major worldwide public health problem. It is now by far the largest preventable cause of death in the industrialized world. 1 Although there is a health warning on every packet of cigarettes indicating that smoking is the main cause of lung cancer, lung diseases and of heart and artery diseases, and in spite of the anti-smoking clinics distributed all over the Kingdom, smoking in Saudi Arabia is increasing rapidly, particularly among the young, partly due to aggressive marketing by tobacco companies. 2 The aim of this study was to examine the problem of smoking among university students of the College of Education () and those of the Medical College () at the Abha branch of King Saud University, who will in the near future become doctors and teachers and will, therefore, have the professional responsibility of setting an From the Colleges of Medicine and Education, King Saud University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Address reprint requests and correspondence to Dr. Abolfotouh: Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Accepted for publication 24 February Received 9 October example to the public at large in promoting anti-smoking campaigns. Our aim was achieved through: 1) determination of the prevalence of regular smoking; 2) determination of some ecological factors for the problem in terms of age of and reasons for initiation, source of the first cigarette, type of smoker, type of cigarettes, and smoking environment; and 3) determination of the levels of knowledge about the health effects of smoking and attitudes towards public action against smoking. Materials and Methods The total number of students at the time of the study was The sample size was obtained by using the prevalence of smoking in the control group as 0.20 and the prevalence of smoking in the study group as 0.28, with a 5% level of significance. The calculated sample size was , and so a sample size of 300 students was decided on, representing 12% of all students. Applying the stratified random sampling technique, 12% of students were chosen out of each educational level in each 212 Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 18, No 3, 1998
2 SMOKING HABITS IN ABHA department of the College. Of these, 291 students responded, giving a response rate of 97%. All medical students of the at the time of study (n = 202) were included, with 198 students responding (response rate = 98%). Technique All students of the study sample were given a modified Arabic version of the World Health Organization (WHO) standard questionnaire for young people. 3 The estimated reliability co-efficient of the modified questionnaire was more than 90. It was grouped under three major areas: 1) Smoking behavior: smokers were classified into daily, weekly and experimental smokers, as recommended by WHO. 3 For estimating the prevalence rate of smoking, we took into account daily and weekly smokers, who constituted together the regular smokers. Detailed information was collected from smokers relating to their smoking behavior, such as age of starting, reasons, future intention, the smoking environment and lastly, the brand of cigarettes smoked. Cigarettes were classified according to the amount of tar and nicotine present in each cigarette. The amount of tar was classified after Omar et al. 4 into very low tar yield (<5 mg/cig.); low (5-9.9 mg/cig.); moderate ( mg/cig.); and high ( mg/cig.). The amount of nicotine was classified after Maron and Fortman 5 into ultra low nicotine yield (<0.21 mg/cig.); low ( mg/cig.); medium (> mg/cig.); and high (>1.0 mg/cig.). 2) Knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking: this area of the questionnaire comprised eleven factual questions about the negative effects of smoking on students health and the health of others. Using the three response scale, students were requested to give true, false or do not know response to all questions. One point was given for a correct answer and zero for an incorrect one. The total score ranged from 0-11 points. The level of knowledge was considered good on attaining 9 or more points, average on attaining 7-8 points, and poor on attaining <7 points. 3) Attitudes towards public action against smoking. This area comprised nine attitudinal questions to evaluate student attitudes and beliefs towards public measures against smoking. Using a four-response scale, students were requested to choose the response of strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree for all questions. For assessing the attitude of students, a scoring system was applied: the negative attitude statements were scored from 0-3 as follows: 0 was given to those who strongly agreed, 1 to those who agreed, 2 to those who disagreed, and 3 to those who strongly disagreed, and the reverse of this scoring system was used for the positive attitude statements. Accordingly, maximum total score for attitude questions was equal to 27 (9 statements x 3 points = 27), and minimum total score was equal to 0 (9 statements x 0 point = 0). For every student, the percentage of attitude TABLE 1. Type and prevalence of smoking behavior among male university students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Type College of Education (n=291) Medical College (n=198) Daily 46 (88.5%) 21 (72.4%) Weekly 5 (9.6%) 6 (20.7%) Experimental 1 (1.9%) 2 (6.9%) # of smokers 52 (100%) 29 (100%) Prevalence * 17.5% 13.6% * Prevalence was calculated based upon regular smokers (daily and weekly smokers). TABLE 2. Type of smoking among male university students in Abha. Type of smoking College of Education (n=51) Medical College (n=27) Cigarette 43 (84.3%) 19 (70.4%) Sheesha 20 (39.6%) 14 (51.9%) Cigar 2 (3.9%) 1 (3.7%) was calculated as follows: % attitude = (sum of the score of attitude / 27x100). Thus, the students were classified according to % attitude as follows: <30%, strongly negative attitude; 30% to <65%, negative attitude; 65% to <85%, positive attitude; and >85%, strongly positive attitude. All questions were completed anonymously. The questionnaire was completed by the students in minutes, while the class instructor was outside the teaching room to ensure that students completed the questionnaire unaided and to ensure confidentiality. Data Analysis There were a number of missing responses for some items of the questionnaire. Only questionnaires with two or fewer missing responses were considered satisfactory and represented the sample upon which all analyses were based. Data was analyzed by comparing the students of the College of Education with those of the College of Medicine, using the Pearson chi-squared test (with Yates correction when needed), chi-squared test for linear trend, z-test, and Student s t-test (two-tailed). P-value greater than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Prevalence of Smoking The results showed that regular smoking has a prevalence rate of 17.5% and 13.6% among students of the and, respectively (X 2 =1.33, P=0.25). Daily smokers constituted 88.5% and 72.4% of both groups, respectively (Table 1). Cigarette smoking ranked first for both groups of students (84.3% and 70.4%), followed by the sheesha (the traditional Arabic smoking pipe) (39.6% and 51.9%), while cigar ranked last (3.9% and 3.7%) (Table 2). Practice of Smoking Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 18, No 3,
3 ABOLFOTOUH ET AL Table 3 shows the distribution of regular smokers according to their smoking practices. 1) Type of smoker: About 40% and 28% of current smokers of the and, respectively, were heavy smokers (P=0.38). Light smokers constituted about 23% and 39% of such groups (P=0.21). 2) Type of cigarette: About half of the smokers of the (48.8%) smoke moderate tar yield cigarettes, compared to only 16.7% of smokers of the ( X 2 =5.42, P=0.02). Cigarettes of moderate- and high-nicotine yield were smoked by more than 90% of smokers of the, compared to only 50% of those of the ( X 2 =12.67%, P=0.0004). 3) Favorite smoking place: Three-quarters of smokers enjoy smoking with their friends outside home and college, while home was the favorite environment for 40.7% of smokers (X 2 =6.0; P=0.05). Initiation of Smoking Current smokers were distributed according to the following factors relating to the initiation of smoking: 1) Age of first cigarette: Students who started smoking at/or above the age of 18 years constituted significantly higher proportions of smokers among students than those of the (72% vs. 46.8%; X 2 =4.19, P=0.04). However, the mean age of initiation was not different between the two groups (t=1.09, P=0.14). 2) Source of first cigarette smoked: Friends were the source of the first cigarette smoked for more than half of current smokers of both groups of students (53.1% and 55.6%). Although parents were the least frequent source for supply of the first cigarette to smokers of the (2%), 40.7% of smokers of the were given the first cigarette by their parents (X 2 =18.81, P=0.0001). 3) Reasons for smoking the first cigarette: Curiosity was the main reason for initiation of smoking among students of the (41.2%) and (51.9%). The effect of peer pressure was reported by 27.5% of students compared to only 7.4% of those of the (X 2 =4.35, P=0.04). On the other hand, the desire to show off was mentioned as a reason for initiating smoking by 51.9% of smokers, compared to only 27.5% of those of the ( X 2 =4.57, P=0.03). Beliefs About Smoking Table 4 shows the distribution of regular smokers according to their beliefs about smoking. 1) Possible advantages of smoking: More than half of smokers (57.7%) and more that one-third of smokers (35.3%) reported that smoking calms them down. About 22% and 23% of and smokers, respectively, reported that smoking helps them to concentrate. However, those who reported that smoking has no advantages constituted 27.5% of smokers, as compared to only 7.7% of smokers (X 2 =3.92, P=0.05). 2) Attempts to stop smoking: Previous attempts to stop smoking were reported by three-quarters of smokers and half of the smokers (X 2 =2.89; P=0.09). TABLE 3. Distribution of current smokers according to smoking practices among university students in Abha. Statistical difference Smoking practices X 2* P Type of smoker Light ( 10 cig./day) Moderate (11-20 cig./day) Heavy (>20 cig./day) Type of cigarette Tar yield: Very low Low Moderate High Nicotine yield: Very low Low Moderate High Favorite place for smoking Colleges Home Other 10 (23.3%) 16 (37.2%) 17 (39.5%) 43 (100%) 3 (7.3%) 18 (43.9%) 20 (48.8%) 3 (7.3%) 38 (92.7%) 41 (100%) 3 (5.9%) 9 (17.6%) 39 (76.5%) 51 (100%) 7 (38.9%) 5 (27.8%) 18 (100%) 7 (38.9%) 8 (44.4%) 18 (100%) ** ** 11 (40.7%) 16 (59.3%) 27 (100%) ** * Pearson chi-squared test was applied; ** statistically significant difference at 0.05 level of significance. TABLE 4. Distribution of current smokers according to their beliefs about smoking among university students in Abha. Statistical difference Beliefs and behavior X 2* P Advantages Helps me to concentrate Calms me down Helps me to sleep Other Has no advantage Attempted to stop Yes No Intention to stop in the future Yes No 10 (21.6%) 17 (35.3%) 1 (2%) 7 (3.6%) 13 (27.5%) 48 (100%) 33 (75%) 11 (25%) 44 (100%) 39 (81.3%) 9 (18.8%) 48 (100%) 6 (23.1%) 15 (57.7%) 1 (3.8%) 2 (7.7%) 2 (7.7%) 26 (100%) 15 (55.6%) 12 (44.4%) 27 (100%) 17 (63%) 10 (37%) 27 (100%) ** ** * Pearson chi-squared test was applied; ** statistically significant difference at 0.05 level of significance. 3) Future intention to stop smoking: About 81% of smokers reported that they intend to stop smoking, as compared to 63% of smokers ( X 2 =3.93, P=0.05). Knowledge About Health Effects of Smoking Table 5 shows the distribution of students of the and according to their smoking behavior and level of knowledge about the health effects of smoking. students were significantly more knowledgeable than those 214 Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 18, No 3, 1998
4 SMOKING HABITS IN ABHA of the, with 73.2% of students showing good knowledge, compared to 60.5% of students ( X 2 =6.8, P=0.009). However, such difference was evident among the non-smokers (X 2 =7.68, P=0.006) but not among the smokers (X 2 =0.01, P=0.93). Generally speaking, nonsmokers were more knowledgeable than smokers in both groups of students. Attitudes Towards Public Action Against Smoking Most students of both groups showed either positive or strongly positive attitudes towards public action against smoking (about 86% of each group). However, smokers showed less positive attitude than did non-smokers, especially smokers of the, who showed a significantly smaller proportion of students with positive attitudes than did smokers of the (about 25% vs. 59%, P=0.0004). Discussion In this study, the prevalence rates of regular smoking among male university students of both the College of Education () and the Medical College () at the Abha branch of King Saud University are 17.5% and 13.6%, respectively, with a higher prevalence among students of the. Such prevalences are generally much lower than the prevalences of 37% and 33% among the corresponding students of the same university in Riyadh, 6,7 and even significantly lower than the prevalence in nearby countries such as Jordan. 8 This may be due to the fact that Abha, the capital city of the Asir region, is less urbanized and people in the Asir region constitute a traditional society where smoking is an unacceptable social habit. Students in Abha also initiated smoking at a later age when compared to students from other areas, 6-9 a finding that emphasizes that antismoking programs such as those recommended for schoolchildren 6,7,10 need to be tailored for university students in the Asir region. Although cigarettes were used by most smokers in both groups of students, sheesha, although relatively unpopular among educated people, was smoked by many regular smokers, being common in the Western region of the Kingdom. Curiosity about smoking was the reason given by most of the current smokers of both groups for trying their first cigarette. This finding was similar to those reported by many others The data of this study reveal that most of the university students of both groups have good knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking, with some differences between the groups of students. Medical students were significantly more knowledgeable than students of the, which can probably be attributed to the positive impact of the medical information available to medical students. In a previous study of secondary school students in the Asir region, we revealed that Science students were more knowledgeable about the effects of smoking than Arts students, and attributed that finding to the fact that they knew more about the physiology and pathophysiology of the human body. However, the possible positive impact of this TABLE 5. Distribution of university students in Abha according to knowledge about health effects of smoking and their smoking behavior. Level of knowledge (%) Statistical difference Smoking behavior Poor Average Good X 2* P Smoker Non-smoker 9 (18) 4 (14.8) 13 (5.4) 7 (4.1) 22 (7.5) 11 (5.6) 22 (44) 14 (51.9) 71 (29.5) 28 (16.4) 93 (32) 42 (21.2) 19 (38) 9 (33.3) (100) 27 (100) ** 157 (65.1) 241 (100) 136 (79.5) 171 (100) 176 (60.5) 291 (100) ** 145 (73.2) 198 (100) * Chi-squared test for linear trend was applied; ** statistically significant difference at 0.05 level of significance. knowledge was evident only among non-smoking medical students. This might be explained by the fact that student smokers more often have friends and family members who smoke and therefore engage in risk-taking behavior more often than non-smokers. 14 The data of the present study show also that most of these university students have favorable attitudes towards public measures against smoking. However, despite their access to medical information on the hazards of smoking, medical student smokers had a strongly negative attitude to these public measures, a finding that could explain the lower proportion of smokers who reported previous attempts to quit, and the lower proportion who reported a future intention to stop smoking. This reflects the inadequacy of the medical curriculum in changing the attitude of students towards smoking, and the need to stress efforts in this direction. The question that arises is why smoking is still a sizeable problem among these students in spite of their knowledge of and attitudes against smoking. There must be some barriers against the acquisition of healthy behavior, as is shown by failed attempts to quit smoking by many of the smokers. One such barrier may be the addictive effect of the moderate- and high-nicotine yield cigarettes smoked by many of students, especially those of the, although the Gulf Cooperation Council 15 has introduced legislation to limit the amount of tar and nicotine in cigarettes to 10 mg and 0.6 mg, respectively. Other barriers might be the effects of peer pressure, 9,16,17 especially among students of the, who prefer to smoke with friends outside home and college, as well as the possible negative attitudes of parents, 18 who were the main source of the first cigarette for 40% of medical students. Moreover, incorrect beliefs about the possible advantages of smoking 12,19 might add to such barriers. For instance, Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 18, No 3,
5 ABOLFOTOUH ET AL many smokers in the present study reported the fact that smoking calmed them down. Conclusion Even though students of the Abha branch of King Saud University have a sound knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking, and a generally favorable attitude towards public measures against the habit, smoking still constitutes a sizeable problem among them, possibly due to the addictive effect of nicotine, peer pressure, negative parental attitudes and other factors. Thus, legislation introduced by the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council to limit the amount of tar and nicotine in cigarettes must be implemented in order to reduce the high proportion of those who smoke high-tar and nicotine-yield cigarettes. An anti-smoking education program needs to be tailored to university students in the Abha area and college curriculae must have a role in such programs. References 1. Jacobson B. Smoking and health: a new generation of campaigners. Br Med J 1983;287: Anonymous. Health or smoking (editorial). Br Med J 1983;287: Guidelines for the conduct of tobacco smoking surveys of general population. Report of a WHO meeting held in Helsinki, Finland, 29 November - 4 December WHO/SMO/ Omar SH, Hussein M, Ebeid N, El Aaser A, Galal A. Prevention of the smoking epidemic in a developing country, Egypt. Armed Forces Med J 1984;27: Maron DJ, Fortman STP. Nicotine yield and measures of cigarette smoke exposure in a large population. Are lower yield cigarettes safer? Am J Publ Hlth 1987;77: Taha A, Bener A, Noah MS, Saeed A, Al-Harthy S. Smoking habits of King Saud University students in Riyadh. Ann Saudi Med 1991;11: Jarallah JS. Smoking habits of medical students at King Saud University, Riyadh. Saudi Med J 1992;13: Awidi AS. Patterns of cigarette smoking in Jordan: a study of the greater Amman area. Ann Saudi Med 1991;11: Abed JSM, Al-Dabbagh SA, Khalil HM, Al-Selevany BK. Cigarette smoking: epidemiology and effects on some cardiovascular parameters in medical students. Ann Coll Med Mosul 1988;14: Abolfotouh MA, Abdel Aziz M, Badawi IA, Alakija W. Impact of a one-day antismoking program on male secondary school adolescents in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Am J Prev Med 1997;13: McGuffin SJ. Smoking: the knowledge and behavior of young people in Northern Ireland. Health Educ J 1982;141: Jandoo SC, Budd RY, Eiser JJ, Morgan M, Gammage P, Gray E. The Avon prevalence study: a study of cigarette smoking in secondary school children. Health Educ J 1985;45: Tayel KH, Wasfy A, Abdelkader E, AbouRayan M, Abolfotouh M, Nofal L, et al. Problem of cigarette smoking among secondary school students in Alexandria. Bull High Inst Publ Hlth 1991;21: Stone SL, Kristeller JL. Attitudes of adolescents toward smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med 1992;8: Gulf Cooperation Council. Forty-third Meeting of the Council of Ministers of Health for the GCC Countries. Sanction No. 3 for the Control of Smoking, 6th May 1997, Geneva. 16. Revill J, Drury CG. An assessment of the incidence of cigarette smoking in fourth year school children and the factors leading to its establishment. Public Hlth 1980;94: Ashton H. Patterns of smoking: social and psychological factors. Practitioner 1983;1415: Nolte AE, Smith BJ, O Rourke T. The relative importance of parental attitudes and behaviour upon youth smoking behaviour. J Sch Hlth 1983;53: Hardes GR, Alexander HM, Dorson AJ, Lloyd DM, Leeder SR. Cigarette smoking and drug use in school children in the Hunter Region. Med J Aust 1981;1: Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 18, No 3, 1998
The Trend of Smoking Behavior and its Relation to Health Knowledge among Medical and Literature Colleges
American Journal of Infectious Diseases 7 (2): 45-50, 2011 ISSN 1553-6203 2011 Science Publications The Trend of Smoking Behavior and its Relation to Health Knowledge among Medical and Literature Colleges
More informationFACTORS RELATED TO SMOKING HABITS OF MALE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH FACTORS RELATED TO SMOKING HABITS OF MALE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS Nyi Nyi Naing and Zulkifli Ahmad Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences,
More informationPrevalence of Smoking and its related behaviors and beliefs among secondary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
International Journal of Health Sciences, Qassim University, Vol. 5, No. 1, May 2011 Prevalence of Smoking and its related behaviors and beliefs among secondary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
More informationThe study was cross-sectional, conducted during the academic year 2004/05.
Tobacco use is one of the chief preventable risk factors of some 25 noncommunicable diseases, many of which are eventually fatal. The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes some 4 million deaths annually
More informationKey Elements of this Presentation. Smoking Still Main Cause of Premature Death 31/10/2013. The Case for Plain Packaging
The Case for Plain Packaging Gerry McElwee Head of Cancer Prevention Key Elements of this Presentation Why smoking is still a priority for public health Why we need plain packaging Tobacco industry myths
More informationGLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY REPORT - Antigua & Barbuda
GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY REPORT - Antigua & Barbuda Opening Statement: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Generally, the use of cigarettes and other tobacco products among youths is increasing, and
More informationWhy do Youth Use Tobacco?
Teens and Tobacco Why do Youth Use Tobacco? Compare your answers how close did you get to the following list? -Social influences Friends Peer pressure / fit in -Parents access to cigarettes attitude toward
More informationCigarette Packaging in Ireland: The Plain Future.
http://www.cit.ie Cigarette Packaging in Ireland: The Plain Future. Wesley Connolly Tong and Maurice Murphy New Laws in Ireland Ireland has become the first country in Europe and the second in the world
More informationOriginal Research Article
Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2354-323X) Vol. 4(4) pp. 183-189, April, 2016 Available online http://www.meritresearchjournals.org/mms/index.htm Copyright 2016 Merit Research
More informationWho is Targeting You? The Tobacco Industry Those who want to profit from your smoking
Who is Targeting You? The Tobacco Industry Those who want to profit from your smoking The Tobacco Industry like no other Tobacco is the ONLY legal product sold that is lethal when used exactly as the manufacturer
More informationBRIEF REPORT OPTIMISTIC BIAS IN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS
Pergamon Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 625 632, 2000 Copyright 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0306-4603/00/$ see front matter PII S0306-4603(99)00072-6 BRIEF
More informationProblem Which option Additional option Additional comments definition Yes No change No further observations.
Department of Health, United Kingdom electronic contribution rec. 317 - by Mr Lee McGill lee.mcgill@dh.gsi.gov.uk Question 1 - scope Problem Which option Recommend option Additional comments Yes No change
More informationFactors influencing smoking among secondary school pupils in Ilala Municipality Dar es Salaam March 2007 By: Sadru Green (B.Sc.
tamsa Volume 15.qxd:Layout 1 6/9/08 3:51 PM Page 14 Factors influencing smoking among secondary school pupils in Ilala Municipality Dar es Salaam March 2007 By: Sadru Green (B.Sc. EHS3 2006/2007) ABSTRACT
More informationSmoking in Iranian Physicians: Preliminary Report
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Tanaffos (2005) 4(16), 63-67 2005 NRITLD, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran Smoking in Iranian Physicians: Preliminary Report Gholam Reza Heydari
More informationREPORT ON GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY SWAZILAND
REPORT ON GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY 2009 - SWAZILAND Introduction The tobacco epidemic Tobacco use is considered to be the chief preventable cause of death in the world. The World Health Organization
More informationSeptember 5, 2014 Sonoma County Independence Campaign Evaluation Report
September 5, 2014 Sonoma County Independence Campaign Evaluation Report EVALUATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Sonoma County Department of Health Services and BWA utilized an intercept survey to measure the reach
More informationA REPORT ON THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF YOUTH TOBACCO USE IN DELAWARE
A REPORT ON THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF YOUTH TOBACCO USE IN DELAWARE RESULTS FROM THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE DELAWARE YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY IN SPRING 00 Delaware Health and Social Services Division
More informationEditorial 3 Substance misuse in Arabic countries: the need for published research
Editorial 3 Substance misuse in Arabic countries: the need for published research Hamad Al Ghaferi 1, Ossama T. Osman 2, Catriona Matheson 3, Shamil Wanigaratne 1, Christine Bond 3 1 National Rehabilitation
More informationCOMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 23.11.2009 SEC(2009) 1621 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Report on the implementation of the Council Recommendation of 2 December 2002 on the prevention
More informationISSN: Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Researches Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res. 4 (1): 24-29, 2014
\\\\ Received 4 Dec. 3 Accepted Jan. 4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 4, Scienceline Publication www.science-line.com ISSN: 3-4789 Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Researches Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res. 4 ():
More informationAttitudes and Beliefs of Adolescent Experimental Smokers: A Smoking Prevention Perspective
Attitudes and Beliefs of Adolescent Experimental Smokers: A Smoking Prevention Perspective By: Min Qi Wang, Eugene C. Fitzhugh, James M. Eddy, R. Carl Westerfield Wang, M.Q., Fitzhugh, E.C.*, Eddy, J.M.,
More informationSelected Agent Characteristics. Product type Nicotine dose levels Constituents (e.g., tar, CO) and ingredients (e.g., additives) Market share
Tobacco Measurement Stephen Marcus, Ph.D. Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Public Health Model Agent -- tobacco products
More informationO riginal Article. Prevalence of smoking among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT
O riginal Article Prevalence of smoking among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Hashim R. Fida, Ismail Abdelmoneim Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University,
More informationThe State of Smoking 2018 Global Survey Findings and Insights. Monday, March 19, 2018
The State of Smoking 2018 Global Survey Findings and Insights Monday, March 19, 2018 WELCOME 2 Dr. Derek Yach President, Foundation for a Smoke-Free World Support and Disclaimer The survey was conducted
More informationELECTRONIC CIGARETTES WHAT S THE BOTTOM LINE?
ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES WHAT S THE BOTTOM LINE? E-cigarettes have the potential to benefit adult smokers who are not pregnant if used as a complete substitute for regular cigarettes and other smoked tobacco
More informationThe Global Youth Tobacco Survey Project Preliminary findings from data collected in Costa Rica in 1999
The Global Youth Tobacco Survey Project Preliminary findings from data collected in Costa Rica in 1999 Julio Bejarano Introduction This paper contains the main findings from the WHO/CDC Global Youth Tobacco
More informationKAP study of infertility among Saudi couples
KAP study of infertility among Saudi couples Mostafa A. Abolfotouh Professor & Section Head -Biobanking King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Background Infertility is
More informationSubmission by the Federation of European Cancer Societies to the Public Hearings on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Submission by the Federation of European Cancer Societies to the Public Hearings on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control The effects of smoking Tobacco is the legal product which, used in moderation
More informationsmoking by primary school children
Brit. J. prev. soc. Med. (1974), 28, 37-44 Factors associated with the starting of cigarette smoking by primary school children BEULAH R. BEWLEY, J. M. BLAND AND R. HARRIS Department of Clinical Epidemiology
More informationThe State of Smoking 2018 Global Survey Findings and Insights. Monday, March 19, 2018
The State of Smoking 2018 Global Survey Findings and Insights Monday, March 19, 2018 WELCOME 2 Dr. Derek Yach President, Foundation for a Smoke-Free World Support and Disclaimer The Foundation is an independent,
More informationPUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH
International Journal of Public Health Research Vol 7 No 1 2017, pp (783-790) PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke among Adolescent in Secondary School Students in Sana a, Yemen Fateh Addin
More informationTOBACCO USE AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS
TOBACCO USE AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS Each year, approximately 45,000 African Americans die from smoking-related disease. 1 Smoking-related illnesses are the number one cause of death in the African-American
More informationSMOKING BEHAVIOUR OF CZECH ADOLESCENTS: RESULTS OF THE GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, 2002
Cent Eur J Publ Health 2004; 12 (1): 26-31 SMOKING BEHAVIOUR OF CZECH ADOLESCENTS: RESULTS OF THE GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, 2002 Sovinová H. 1, Csémy L. 2 1 National Institute
More informationImpact of UNC Health Care s Tobacco-Free Hospital Campus Policy on Hospital Employees
Impact of UNC Health Care s Tobacco-Free Hospital Campus Policy on Hospital Employees February 5, 2008 Prepared for: UNC Health Care Prepared by: UNC School of Medicine Nicotine Dependence Program For
More informationA smoke-free advertising competition among secondary schools in New Zealand
HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL O Oxford University Press 1994 Vol. 9, No. 2 Printed in Great Britain A smoke-free advertising competition among secondary schools in New Zealand ROB MCGEE Department of
More informationBarriers to Quit Smoking among Adult Smokers
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 4, December 2012 Barriers to Quit Smoking among Adult Smokers Dalal Ali Al-Hashel, MD* Fatima Mohammed, MD** Khatoon Jaffar, MD** Mariam Selaiti, MD* Safia Mansoor
More informationResearch Study: Court-Ordered Corrections of Tobacco Industry Racketeering PRELIMINARY REPORT Background Methods Results Conclusions
Research Study: Court-Ordered Corrections of Tobacco Industry Racketeering National Poll Shows Support for Policies, Lawmakers Rejection of Tobacco Industry Influences PRELIMINARY REPORT Background Internal
More informationGLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY
REPORT GLOBAL YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY Prepared by: Environmental Health Unit P/ Bag 00269 Gaborone TEL: 3975351 FAX: 3974354 E-mail: tmaule@gov.bw TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction Background Objectives Rationale
More informationEffect of Anti-Smoking Legislation in Public Places
Abstract Effect of Anti-Smoking Legislation in Public Places Nagesh Bhat BDS, MDS 1, Swapnil Oza BDS, Jaddu Jyothirmai Reddy BDS, MDS 3, Ruchi Mitra BDS, Rahul Patel BDS, MDS, Sopan Singh BDS, MDS Short
More informationA REPORT ON THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF YOUTH TOBACCO USE IN DELAWARE :
A REPORT ON THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF YOUTH TOBACCO USE IN DELAWARE : RESULTS FROM ADMINISTRATION OF THE DELAWARE YOUTH TOBACCO SURVEY IN SPRING 2000 Delaware Health and Social Services Division
More informationRADM Patrick O Carroll, MD, MPH Senior Advisor, Assistant Secretary for Health, US DHSS
Ending the Tobacco Epidemic RADM Patrick O Carroll, MD, MPH Senior Advisor, Assistant Secretary for Health, US DHSS Tim McAfee, MD, MPH Senior Medical Officer, Office on Smoking and Health, CDC www.nwcphp.org/hot-topics
More informationSubstance use among year olds in the UK: Key findings from the 2011 European Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs (ESPAD)
Substance use among 15-16 year olds in the UK: Key findings from the 2011 European Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs (ESPAD) Amanda M. Atkinson, Harry R. Sumnall & Mark A. Bellis 1. Introduction The
More informationActive and Passive Tobacco Uses Among Population of Dubai, Reflections from Dubai Household Health Survey 2014
Frontiers in Biomedical Sciences Vol. 2, No. 2, 2017, pp. 6-10 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/fbs Active and Passive Tobacco Uses Among Population of Dubai, Reflections from Dubai Taryam M. M. O. 1,
More informationACTIVITY 3 PPS-TOBACCO CONTROL ADVOCACY GROUP POST ANTI-SMOKING AWARENESS CAMPAIGN ONLINE SURVEY (November 1-December 10, 2017)
1 ACTIVITY 3 PPS-TOBACCO CONTROL ADVOCACY GROUP POST ANTI-SMOKING AWARENESS CAMPAIGN ONLINE SURVEY (November 1-December 10, 2017) The initial plan of having a collaborative research on the Knowledge,Attitude
More informationImpacts of Early Exposure to Work on Smoking Initiation Among Adolescents and Older Adults: the ADD Health Survey. David J.
Impacts of Early Exposure to Work on Smoking Initiation Among Adolescents and Older Adults: the ADD Health Survey David J. Lee, PhD University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health
More informationCorrelates of tobacco use and physical activity among Emirati citizens and non- citizens resident in Dubai, UAE
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH Correlates of tobacco use and physical activity among Emirati citizens and non- citizens resident in Dubai, UAE Niyi Awofeso 1*, Samer Hamidi 1, Anu Rammohan
More informationTHREE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF EXPOSURE TO A SCIENCE CURRICULUM LEISA REINECKE FLYNN. Florida State University SANDE MILTON. Florida State University
THREE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF EXPOSURE TO A SCIENCE CURRICULUM LEISA REINECKE FLYNN Florida State University SANDE MILTON Florida State University FELICIDAD CURVA Curva and Associates SAMUEL A. SPIEGEL I 4 Learning
More informationTobacco Surveillance and Evaluation: An Update
Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation: An Update Gary A. Giovino, PhD, MS University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions Overview! Conceptual models of surveillance/evaluation! Relevant
More informationPágina 1 de 7 Measuring the Effect of a Tobacco Media Campaign Among Nonsmoking Children and Adolescents Brad L. Neiger, Ph.D., CHES, Michael D. Barnes, Ph.D., CHES; Ray M. Merrill, Ph.D., MPH; Rebecca
More informationGuideline for Advertising of e-cigarettes
GUIDELINE 43 Guideline for Advertising of e-cigarettes Last Updated May 2015 What kind of product is this guideline for? What is the purpose of this guideline? Electronic, or e-cigarettes, are battery
More informationPATTERNS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AMONG YOUTH
PATTERNS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AMONG YOUTH S.D.DINESHKUMAR Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu.(Email: sddineshsoc2@gmail.com) (Cell:9894545793)
More informationResearch Article Tobacco Use among Health Care Workers in Southwestern Saudi Arabia
BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 960292, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/960292 Research Article Tobacco Use among Health Care Workers in Southwestern Saudi Arabia Ahmed A.
More informationFDA s Action Agenda to Reduce Tobacco Related-Cancer Incidence and Mortality
FDA s Action Agenda to Reduce Tobacco Related-Cancer Incidence and Mortality Lawrence Deyton, M.S.P.H., M.D. Director, FDA Center for Tobacco Products June 11, 2012 FDA s Vision To make tobaccorelated
More informationTrends of Tobacco Smoking Among Students of Private University, Lahore Pakistan Muhammad Ashraf Chaudhry, Muhammad Zeeshan Ashraf
Original Article Trends of Tobacco Smoking Among Students of Private University, Lahore Pakistan Muhammad Ashraf Chaudhry, Muhammad Zeeshan Ashraf ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the trends of tobacco smoking
More informationTobacco Use Dependence and Approaches to Treatment
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Nursing Presentations College of Nursing 11-2011 Tobacco Use Dependence and Approaches to Treatment Audrey Darville University of Kentucky, audrey.darville@uky.edu Chizimuzo
More informationHeavy Smokers', Light Smokers', and Nonsmokers' Beliefs About Cigarette Smoking
Journal of Applied Psychology 1982, Vol. 67, No. 5, 616-622 Copyright 1982 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 002I-9010/82/6705-0616S00.75 ', ', and Nonsmokers' Beliefs About Cigarette Smoking
More informationMessage From the Minister
May 2002 Message From the Minister A basic principle of the health and social services system is that people have a responsibility to maintain their own health. The Department of Health and Social Services
More informationResource 7 (Activity 2) Smoking Quiz
Resource 7 (Activity 2) Smoking Quiz True False 1. 3,000 people in Northern Ireland die as a result of smoking each year. 2. 84% of all lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking. 3. It is legal to smoke
More informationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (January 2018) Vol. 70 (9), Page
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (January 2018) Vol. 70 (9), Page 1714-1718 Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure in Urology Program in Saudi Arabia Abdullah S. Alhussain 1, Rayan
More informationEvaluation of Factors Affecting the Tendency towards Cigarette Smoking in High School Students of Tehran
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Tanaffos (2004) 3(9), 41-46 2004 NRITLD, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Tendency towards Cigarette Smoking
More informationIncreases in waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence on a U.S. college campus 4
Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies Newsletter Eighth Issue: February /2008 page 1/ 4 In this issue: Syrian Society Against Cancer -Aleppo- What's New: 1 Published Studies/Reports Characteristics of U.S.
More informationArizona Youth Tobacco Survey 2005 Report
Arizona Department of Health Services Arizona Department of Health Services Arizona Youth Tobacco Survey 25 Report November 26 Office of Tobacco Education and Prevention Program Prepared by: Evaluation,
More informationPublic opinion about tobacco control regulation Health and Lifestyles Surveys
In Fact research facts from the HSC Public opinion about tobacco control regulation Health and Lifestyles Surveys - Background Smoking is a complex issue that requires comprehensive approaches to help
More informationWorld no tobacco day. Narayana Medical Journal Vol 1: Issue 2. Review: Gowrinath K. Published online: Oct 2012
Narayana Medical Journal Vol 1: Issue 2 Review: World no tobacco day Gowrinath K Published online: Oct 2012 Tobacco smoking is the single most important preventable cause of sickness and premature death.
More informationTobacco Use of BSN Nursing Students in Arkansas: Global Health Professional Students Survey
Tobacco Use of BSN Nursing Students in Arkansas: Global Health Professional Students Survey Pamela V. degravelles, PhD, MSN, MEd, RN College of Nursing Faculty Disclosure Faculty Name Conflicts of Interest
More informationPredictors of Cigarette Smoking Behavior Among Military University Students in Taiwan. Wang, Kwua-Yun; Yang, Chia-Chen
The Henderson Repository is a free resource of the Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International. It is dedicated to the dissemination of nursing research, researchrelated, and evidence-based
More informationEvaluation of the In-School Tobacco Use Prevention Education Program,
Evaluation of the In-School Tobacco Use Prevention Education Program, 2003-2004 California Tobacco Control Program Evaluation of the In-School Tobacco Use Prevention Education Program, 2003-2004 September
More informationTHE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL
THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 117 No 1190 ISSN 1175 8716 Smoking in a New Zealand university student sample Kypros Kypri and Joanne Baxter Abstract Aims The aims of this study were to estimate the
More informationChapter 14. Lessons. Bellringer
Tobacco Tobacco Lessons Lesson 1 Tobacco Products: An Overview Lesson 2 Tobacco s Effects Lesson 3 Tobacco, Disease, and Death Lesson 4 Tobacco and Addiction Lesson 5 Quitting Lesson 6 Why People Use Tobacco
More informationNew Zealand Smoking Monitor (NZSM) Questionnaire 2011/12
New Zealand Smoking Monitor (NZSM) Questionnaire 2011/12 Screeners (S1-S5): S1) Can I just check, in the last (#), have you taken part in a telephone survey conducted by the Ministry of Health around smoking
More informationEvolving patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden
Journal of Internal Medicine 2003; 253: 660 665 Evolving patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden B. RODU 1, B. STEGMAYR 2, S. NASIC 2, P. COLE 3 & K. ASPLUND 2 From the 1 Department of Pathology, School
More informationAt the Israel Electric Company: Israel Railways
Evaluation of the outcomes of an intervention to reduce the use of drugs and alcohol in the workplace in Israel Navy Shipyards, the Israel Electric Company, and Israel Railways Executive Summary Background:
More informationCanadian Adult and Youth Opinions on the Sizing of Health Warning Messages HC H /001/CB
Canadian Adult and Youth Opinions on the Sizing of Health Warning Messages HC-003-155-9925 H4097-9-0017/001/CB Prepared for Health Canada Office for Tobacco Control October 1999 Prepared by Environics
More informationSocial Disapproval and Reasons Behind Tobacco Use as Perceived by Pregnant Women
International Journal of Gynecological and Obstetrical Research, 2013, 1, 67-72 67 Social Disapproval and Reasons Behind Tobacco Use as Perceived by Pregnant Women Amel Fayed 1,2,*, Ahmed Mandil 2,3, Rasmieh
More informationLAW OF MONGOLIA. 01 July, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia LAW ON TOBACCO CONTROL CHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
LAW OF MONGOLIA 01 July, 2005. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia LAW ON TOBACCO CONTROL Article 1: The Purpose Of The Law CHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.1 The purpose of this law is to define the legal framework
More informationFirst Annual Tobacco Study
Maryland Department of Health & Mental Hygiene First Annual Tobacco Study Cigarette Restitution Fund Program Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation Program September, 2002 Table of Contents Page Executive
More informationBreast Cancer Awareness Among Zayed University Female Students
Volume 2, Issue no. 3, DOI 10.18502/ajne.v2i3.1357 Production and Hosting by Knowledge E Research Article Breast Cancer Awareness Among Zayed University Female Students Shaima K. AlBlooshi 1, Lina T. Al
More informationTobacco Control Efforts in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Member Countries
Tobacco Control Efforts in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Member Countries 6th National Conference on Tobacco or Health June 20,2012 Erzurum, Turkey Outline Tobacco Control Policies up to now
More informationTUPAC Five-Year Action Plan
TUPAC Five-Year Action Plan 2015-2020 New Mexico Department of Health Tobacco Use Prevention and Control Program 5301 Central Avenue NE, Suite 800, Albuquerque, NM 87108 505.841.5845 nmtupac.com TUPAC
More informationDr. Maha Meqla AlKawari (. مها مقلة الكواري (د (Arab Board Family Medicine, Master of Health Policy and Population Studies) Board Family Medicine)
Tobacco Use, Exposure to Secondhand Smoke, and Cessation Counseling Among Health Professions Students: Kingdom of Bahrain, Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS), 2009 Dr. Maha Meqla AlKawari
More informationAssessment of Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Medical Students towards Road Safety Measures and Occurrence of Road Accidents
Original article: Assessment of Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Medical Students towards Road Safety Measures and Occurrence of Road Accidents Chilgunde Chandrakant Ramrao 1, Nanaware Balkrishna Dattatray
More informationTOBACCO CESSATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME
TOBACCO CESSATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME Day MOVING 7ON 2 Day KEEP 6GOING 5 SUPPORT 2 PLAN 3QUIT 4 COPING TOBACCO CESSATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME The Tobacco Cessation Support Programme is a structured behavioural
More informationconsistent with the industry documents we note in our September letter.
February 18, 2010 Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305) Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services 5630 Fishers Lane, Room 1061 Rockville, MD 20852 RE: Docket Number FDA-2010-N-0020
More informationSMOKING AND DRINKING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN IRELAND
SMOKING AND DRINKING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN IRELAND Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 5 2. Cigarette smoking the pupil sample. 6 2.1 Prevalence of smoking. 6 2.2 Smoking and social class.
More informationSmoke Free Policy in Multi-Unit Housing Developments
Smoke Free Policy in Multi-Unit Housing Developments Examining the problem of Secondhand Smoke and the possible solutions Kent City Health Department, 2018 Why is Smoke- Free Policy both Beneficial and
More informationDaily Smoking Among BC Youth
All results in this fact sheet are among students who had ever tried smoking. The 2013 BC Adolescent Health Survey (BC AHS) asked youth whether they had ever tried smoking and if they had, how many days
More information78 Official Gazette Issue: Thursday 23 February 2012
78 Official Gazette Issue: 3040- Thursday 23 February 2012 Unofficial Translation Ministry of Industry and Commerce Decision Number 16 of the year 2012 Adopting the Standardized Gulf Technical Regulation
More informationNebraska Youth Tobacco Survey 2015/2017
Nebraska Youth Tobacco Survey 2015/2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 1 Background... 1 Method... 1 Sampling Frame and Response Rates... 1 Weighting Data... 2 Terms and Definitions... 3 Executive Summary...
More informationFactors Influencing Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents
RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents Urmi Sen 1, Arindam Basu 2 Abstract Objective To study the impact of tobacco advertisements and other social factors on the
More informationSUNSET Russian Tobacco Education: Evaluating Quit Clinics
helping organizations respond effectively to community needs SUNSET Russian Tobacco Education: Evaluating Quit Clinics July 1, 2003 June 30, 2005 Linette Escobar, Project Director Bay Area Community Resources
More informationUnderstanding of Senile Dementia by Children and Adolescents: Why Grandma Can t Remember Me?
138 Understanding of Senile Dementia by Children and Adolescents: Why Grandma Can t Remember Me? Jong-Ling Fuh 1, Shuu-Jiun Wang 1, and Kai-Di Juang 2 Abstract- Background: The present study sought to
More informationPreventing Child and Adolescent Smoking
Preventing Child and Adolescent Smoking Practice Resource (only) Downloaded from www.rch.org.au/ccch Practice Resource: Preventing Child and Adolescent Smoking Table of Contents Overview... 2 Glossary...
More informationSocial Acceptability of Smoking: the missing link
Social Acceptability of Smoking: the missing link Robert Schwartz, David Ip, Michael Chaiton, Shawn O Connor Tobacco Control Research Forum Tel Aviv University December 18 th, 2013 Ever since the 1970s,
More informationEvaluating Interventions to Curb ENDS Use Among Utah Youth
Evaluating Interventions to Curb ENDS Use Among Utah Youth CDC CC Grant 2016-2017 Braden Ainsworth, MPH, Utah Department of Health Claudia Bohner, MPH, Utah Department of Health Erik Crankshaw, PhD, RTI
More informationReport by the Convention Secretariat. Purpose of the document
66 Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Eighth session Geneva, Switzerland, 1 6 October 2018 Provisional agenda item 6.5 FCTC/COP/8/10 27 June 2018 Progress report
More informationTrait anxiety and nicotine dependence in adolescents A report from the DANDY study
Addictive Behaviors 29 (2004) 911 919 Short communication Trait anxiety and nicotine dependence in adolescents A report from the DANDY study Joseph R. DiFranza a, *, Judith A. Savageau a, Nancy A. Rigotti
More informationThe Quit Clinic As an Anti-smoking Advocacy Tool
The Quit Clinic As an Anti-smoking Advocacy Tool Associate Professor Chanchai Sittipunt MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn
More informationSMOKING PREVALENCE IN ROMANIA. A SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Vol. 5 (54) No. 1-2012 Series VII: Social Sciences Law SMOKING PREVALENCE IN ROMANIA. A SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS Codrina ŞANDRU 1 Abstract: This article
More informationIntroduction, Summary, and Conclusions
Chapter 1 Introduction, Summary, and Conclusions David M. Burns, Lawrence Garfinkel, and Jonathan M. Samet Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries
More information