Differences in Emotional and Mental Indicators Depending on Use of E-cigarettes in Student Smokers

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1 Vol.132 (Healthcare and Nursing 2016), pp Differences in Emotional and Mental Indicators Depending on Use of E-cigarettes in Student Smokers Young-JuJee 1 1 College of Nursing Kyungnam University, Woryeongbuk 16-gil Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, KOREA. jeeyoungju@kyungnam.ac.kr Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in emotional and mental indicators depending on use of E-cigarettes in student smokers by using data from the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(KYRBS). The data were analyzed using the SPSS / Win 21.0 program of a total middle and high school students analyzed. Variables were examined using descriptive statistics and t-test. The present study established that the mental health of students using e-cigarettes was poorer than that of those using ordinary cigarettes. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that e- cigarette sales to minors should be controlled further and that more attention should be paid to the mental health conditions of adolescents. Keywords: E-cigarette. Student, Smoking, SPSS, Emotion 1 Introduction Against the backdrop of rising consumer awareness of health risks of smoking and growing interest in quitting smoking for health and wellbeing, electronic cigarettes have been engaging much attention[1-2]. An increasing number of adolescents access e-cigarettes[3-4] although their safety has not been established[5]. In comparison to non-smoker students, those who smoke were reported to have mental health issues, e.g. depression and stress[6]. The findings will be applicable as reference data for regulating e-cigarette sales to minors. ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2016 SERSC

2 2 Method 2.1 Design The 2015 Youth Risk Be-havior Online Survey was used to determine the differences in emotional and mental indicators in line with the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents. 2.2 Subjects and Data Collection The number of subjects for this study, 11313, was proven to provide enough statistical power. 2.3 Instrument For this study, question items about 7 general characteristics and 5 e-cigaretterelated characteristics were investigated. In addition, 8 question items concerning emotional differences between e-cigarette existence and nonexistence were given. Finally, 1 question item regarding the difference in subjective happiness depending on the use of e-cigarettes was presented. 2.4 Data Analysis The SPSS / Win 21.0 program was used to analyze the data in this study. 3 Results 3.1 E-cigarette-related Characteristics Table 1. E-cigarette-related characteristics (N=11313) Category Subcategory n(%) Gender Male 8531(75.4) Female 2787(24.6) 88 Copyright 2016 SERSC

3 Not used 5771(51.0) Former primary school 56(0.5) First grade 30(0.3) Elementary 2nd grade 28(0.2) 3 rd grade 24(0.2) First time use of e-ci garettes 4th grade 26(0.2) 5th grade 27(0.2) 6 th grade 82(0.7) 7th grade 477(4.2) 8th grade 932(8.2) 9th grade 1175(10.4) 10th grade 1280(11.3) 11th grade 976(8.6) High school senior 434(3.8) Current use of e-ciga rettes Yes 5547(49.0) No 5771(51.0) Not used 5771(51.0) I thought it less harmful than cigarettes 1085(9.6) Reasons for using e- cigarettes I thought it would be helpful to smokin 799(7.1) g To be able to smoke indoors 618(5.5) Readily available 60(0.5) Tastes good 582(5.1) Smells good 516(4.6) Copyright 2016 SERSC 89

4 Because of the smell of cigarettes burni ng 437(3.9) Curiosity 1140(10.1) Etc 310(2.7) Never used e-cigarettes 5771(51.0) No recent restrictive use of e-cigarettes for 30 days 3365(29.7) How to buy nicotine solution within the la st 30 days (e-cigarett e users) Friends and seniors 760(6.7) Electronic cigarettes were purchased at 614(5.4) the store It was purchased on the Internet 236(2.1) Etc 304(2.7) It was not only buy the nicotine solutio n 268(2.4) 3.2 Emotional differences between e-cigarette existence and non-existence Table 2. Emotional Differences between E-cigarette Existence and Nonexistence (N=11313) E-cigarette experience Yes No χ 2 p No sadness & hopelessness within the las t 12 months Sorrow and despair within the last 12 mo nths Suicidal ideation within the last 12 month s Copyright 2016 SERSC

5 Suicidal ideation within the last 12 month s No suicidal plan within the last 12 month s Suicidal plan within the last 12 months No suicidal attempt within the last 12 mo nths Suicidal attempt within the last 12 month s Difference in subjective happiness between e-cigarette existence and nonexistence Table 3.. Difference in subjective happiness between e-cigarette existence and nonexistence. (N=11313) E-cigarette experience Yes(n=5547) No(n=5771) t p mean ± sd mean ± sd Subjective Ha ppiness 2.39± ± Conclusion The present study established that the mental health of students using e-cigarettes was poorer than that of those using ordinary cigarettes. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that e-cigarette sales to minors should be controlled further and that more attention should be paid to the mental health conditions of adolescents. Copyright 2016 SERSC 91

6 References 1. Etter, J. F., Bullen, C.: Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy, Addiction, Vol.106, No.11, pp (2010) 2. Dutra, L. M., Glantz, S. A.; Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study, JAMA Pediatr, Vol.168, No.7, pp (2014) 3. Corey, C., Wang, B., Johnson, S. E., Apelberg, B., Husten, C., King, B. A., McAfee, T. A., Bunnell, R., Arrazola, R. A., Dube, S. R.: Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students-united States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, Vol.62, No.35, pp (2013) 4. Arrazola, R. A., Neff, L. J., Kennedy, S. M., Holder-Hayes, E., Jones, C. D.: Tobacco use among middle and high school students-united States, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Vol.63, No.45, pp (2013) 5. Callahan-Lyon, P., Electronic cigarettes: human health effects, Tob Control. Vol.23, No.45, pp.suppl 2:ii36-ii40(2014) 6. Park, S. H., Kang, J. H., Chun, J. S., Oh H. J.: A Longitudinal comparative study of mental health between adolescent smokers and adolescent nonsmokers, Journal of adolescent welfare, Vol.12, No.2, pp.75-94(2010) 92 Copyright 2016 SERSC

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