Statistical Table 17: Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among injecting drug users under age 25 in the EU (%) (sample sizes between brackets)

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Emil Patterson
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1 Belgium, French Community / 40.9 (22) 47.4 (38) 3.9 (38) 26.7 (5) SR centres; self-reported test results. > 80% missing data. Belgium, French Community - Charleroi 74 (0) General practitioners; screening 0 Belgium, Flemish Community 24.6 (65) 2.4 (4) 3.9 (79) 6.4 (67) 6.3 (43) 2 Belgium, Flemish Community - Antwerp 83 (6) centres, low threshold services; screening 8

2 Denmark, Copenhagen / 75 (n.a.) 2 Denmark, Funen 90 (29) Prison, drug treatment centres; screening

3 Greece, Athens / 25.9 (324) Public health laboratory, screening 6 Greece, National 6. (36) 33.3 (2) Prisons; screening 0 Greece, National 32.2 (5) (248) (89) 2 Greece, National 22.9 (57) centres; self-reported test results Greece, Athens 32. (78) 30.7 (27) STD clinics. screening 8 Greece, National 84.4 (32) 9

4 Greece, National / 39.0 (30) centres, low threshold services, public health laboratories, STD clinics; screening

5 France, National / 43.3 (948) 36.5 (743) SR centres; self-reported test results. France, National 5.0 (43) SR Needle exchanges; self-reported test results. 3 France, Bordeaux Cayenne Dijon Fort-de France Lille Lyon Marseille Paris Renne La Reunion Toulouse 38.7 (62) SR Needle exchanges, low threshold services; selfreported test results. cities. 4

6 Ireland, Dublin / 59.3 (535) centre Trinity Court, first attendees ; ever-idus;, 7

7 Italy, Calabria Campania Emilia-Romagna Friuli Lazio Liguria Marche Piemonte Puglia Sardegna Sicilia Toscana / 56.2 (86) centres; sample study in 2 regions; data are for ; screening 3

8 Netherlands, Limburg Heerlen/ Maastricht / 6.8 (2) centres, needle exchanges, low threshold services; screening

9 Austria, Vienna / 67 (9) 62 (50) 53 (5) Low-threshold services; screening 3 Austria, Vorarlberg 55.6 (9) 44.4 (8) 40.0 (0) 47. (7) 63.6 () 30.0 (0) 50.0 (2) 2 Austria, Lower Austria (n.a.) (3) 4

10 Portugal, Lisbon / 58.6 (29) 68.4 (9) 66.7 (2) Portugal, Porto 89.5 (9) 8 Portugal, Coimbra Portugal, Santarém 79.0 (43) 74.0 (27) 93 (4) centres; includes data from public health lab and pregnant IDUs; screening 2 7 Portugal, Évora 57. (7) 6

11 Finland, Helsinki / 75 (8) 25.8 (97) 28. (74) Needle exchanges; screening Finland, Helsinki 3.3 (5) Needle exchanges, screening saliva Finland, Vantaa 22.2 (9) 29.3 (58) Needle exchanges; screening Finland, Vantaa 30.8 (39) Needle exchanges; screening saliva Finland, Tampere (88) (60) Needle exchanges, screening

12 UK, England and Wales excl. London / 0. (784) 0. (843). 4.2 (754) (64) centres, needle exchange, low threshold services; screening saliva. UK, England and Wales excl. London. 8.6 (20) Community surveys, prisons, current IDUs, screening saliva. 3 UK, England and Wales. (835).5 (938) (85) (669) centres, needle exchange, low threshold services; screening saliva. UK, London 27.5 (5) 24.2 (95) 2.3 (6) 29. (55) centres, needle exchange, low threshold services; screening saliva. UK, London 5 (20) Community surveys, prisons, current IDUs, screening saliva. 2, 3

13 UK, Greater Glasgow / 59 (08) 6 (97) 43 (36) / Public health laboratories; serum taken for named HIV testing. 9 UK, Lothian 3 (06) 7 (4) 3 (2) / Public health laboratories; serum taken for named HIV testing. 9

14 Notes:. Sample size is the number of positive plus negative tests (total valid tests). Prevalence is number positive divided by total valid tests, excluding missing values. Prevalence from sample size under 50 is not reliable. 2. Self-reported test results for HCV may be unreliable. Prevalence is number reporting a positive test result divided by the number reporting a positive or negative result. 3. Saliva tests for hepatitis C antibodies underestimate prevalence. If test sensitivity is known then figures can be adjusted upwards by dividing prevalence by test sensitivity. Test sensitivity is around 70-90% in older studies and may be up to 90-95% in some recent studies. Figures have not been adjusted. 4. Having health problems is one selection criterion for admission to drug treatment in some countries or cities (Greece, Portugal, Rome), due to long waiting lists or special programmes for infected IDUs, this may result in upward bias of prevalence. Prevalence from treatment data should therefore be interpreted in combination with non-treatment data. 5. Data sources with no information on injecting status were excluded as far as possible, as such prevalence can severely underestimate prevalence among injectors in the same source. Some such sources were however included if samples were large or they provided trends over time, in which case it is indicated that injecting status is unknown and prevalence among injectors may be underestimated. * See Box 6 OL: Data sources prevalence ( for details of sources. =diagnostic testing; =specific prevalence study; SR=prevalence study based on self-reported test results Part of these data were taken from two literature reviews on HCV prevalence in Europe, most figures were subsequently checked by the national focal points. These reviews are: - Mathei C, Buntinx F, van Damme P. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C markers among intravenous drug users in western European countries: a systematic review. J Viral Hepat 2002; 9: Roy K, Hay G, Andragetti R, Taylor A, Goldberg D, Wiessing L. Monitoring hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in the European Union: a review of the literature. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 29:

Statistical Table 13: Prevalence of HIV infection (%) among injecting drug users under age 25, in the EU (sample sizes between brackets)

Statistical Table 13: Prevalence of HIV infection (%) among injecting drug users under age 25, in the EU (sample sizes between brackets) Statistical Table 3: Prevalence of HIV infection (%) among injecting drug users under, in the EU (sample sizes between brackets) HIV IDUs under Belgium, French Community 99 992 993 994 995 996 997 998