Selecting HCV Treatment
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- Daniella Watson
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1 Selecting HCV Treatment
2 Caveats Focus on treatment selection for genotypes 1, 2, and 3. Majority of US population infected with GT 1, 2, or 3 GT 4 treatment closely reflects GT 1 treatment GT 5 and 6 are rare and treatment has relatively little clinical data Focus on treatment naïve and PEG-IFN/RBV treatment experienced patients. Majority of patients who present for HCV care reflect these populations Patients who have failed DAA-based regimens should be assessed by experienced HCV treatment providers
3 Case: Sam Sam is a 56 y/o man with a medical history of hypertension. He established care with a new primary care provider recently and was screened for HCV based on his age. His antibody returned positive and he was referred to you for further care. He has never been evaluated nor treated for HCV.
4 Case: Sam HCV testing testing reveals RNA 7,250,000 copies with genotype 1a. Labs reveal: CBC within normal limits (of note, Plt 256) CMP within normal limits except AST 67 and ALT 88 INR 1.0 HBV san negative, cab positive, sab positive HIV negative He undergoes liver ultrasound and elastography. No HCC is noted and elastography is consistent with F2 fibrosis.
5 Questions How has HCV treatment changed in recent years, and how does that impact Sam s treatment? What factors define an appropriate DAA regimen and duration? How would his treatment differ if his medical history or laboratory studies were different?
6 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
7 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
8 History of HCV Treatment: The Bad, The Ugly, and The Good Early therapies had poor efficacy and poor tolerability: Interferon (1986) Ribavirin (1998) Pegylated interferon (2001) Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) improved efficacy with additional adverse effects and cost: Telaprevir (2011) Boceprevir (2011) New DAAs dramatically improve efficacy with few adverse effects at substantial cost: Simeprevir and Sofosbuvir (2013) Many others since 2014 Scheel TKH and Rice CM. Nature Med // Fried MW et al. NEJM 2002.
9 History of HCV Treatment: The Bad, The Ugly, and The Good Early therapies had poor efficacy and poor tolerability: Interferon (1986) Ribavirin (1998) Pegylated interferon (2001) Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) improved efficacy with additional adverse effects and cost: Telaprevir (2011) Boceprevir (2011) New DAAs dramatically improve efficacy with few adverse effects at substantial cost: Simeprevir and Sofosbuvir (2013) Many others since 2014 Scheel TKH and Rice CM. Nature Med // Fried MW et al. NEJM 2002.
10 History of HCV Treatment: The Bad, The Ugly, and The Good Early therapies had poor efficacy and poor tolerability: Interferon (1986) Ribavirin (1998) Pegylated interferon (2001) Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) improved efficacy with additional adverse effects and cost: Telaprevir (2011) Boceprevir (2011) New DAAs dramatically improve efficacy with few adverse effects at substantial cost: Simeprevir and Sofosbuvir (2013) Many others since 2014 Scheel TKH and Rice CM. Nature Med // Fried MW et al. NEJM 2002.
11 Treatment Response in Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Era SVR (%) IFN PEG-IFN IFN + RBV P/R TPV/BOC + P/R DAA + P/R DAA +/- RBV
12 HCV Therapies: The Past, Present, and Future Pre-2011 July 2011 Nov-Dec 2013 Oct-Dec 2014 July 2015 Jan-Jun 2016 IFN PEG-IFN RBV IFN PEG-IFN RBV Telaprevir Boceprevir IFN PEG-IFN RBV Telaprevir Boceprevir Simeprevir Sofosbuvir IFN PEG-IFN RBV Telaprevir Boceprevir Simeprevir Sofosbuvir Ledipasvir Paritaprevir Ombitasvir Dasabuvir IFN PEG-IFN RBV Telaprevir Boceprevir Simeprevir Sofosbuvir Ledipasvir Paritaprevir Ombitasvir Dasabuvir Daclatasvir IFN PEG-IFN RBV Telaprevir Boceprevir Simeprevir Sofosbuvir Ledipasvir Paritaprevir Ombitasvir Dasabuvir Daclatasvir Elbasvir Grazoprevir Velpatasvir
13 FDA Approved HCV Therapies (2/2017) Nonspecific Antivirals Interferon (IFN) Ribavirin (RBV) Pegylated Interferon (PEG-IFN) NS3/4 Protease Inhibitors Telaprevir (TPV) Boceprevir (BOC) Simeprevir (SMV) Paritaprevir (PTV) Grazoprevir (GZP) NS5A Inhibitors Ledipasvir (LDV) Ombitasvir (OBV) Daclatasvir (DCV) Elbasvir (EBR) Velpatasvir (VEL) NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors Sofosbuvir (SOF) Dasabuvir (DBV)
14 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
15 Simeprevir (SMV; Olysio ) FDA Approval 2013 Class NS3/4A protease inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) 1 and 4 Common Side Effects ( 10%) Headache, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, photosensitivity, rash, dizziness Notes: No dose adjustment for renal function Not recommended in patients with moderate/severe hepatic impairment Negatively impacted by GT 1a NS3/4A protease polymorphisms (Q80K); thus, baseline HCV resistance testing is recommended Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
16 Sofosbuvir (SOF; Sovaldi ; half of Harvoni ; half of Epclusa ) FDA Approval 2013 Class NS5B polymerase nucleotide analogue inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) 1-6 Common Side Effects ( 10%) None Notes: Not recommended with severe renal impairment (GFR <30 ml/min/1.73m 2 ) Contraindicated with amiodarone Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
17 Ledipasvir (LDV; half of Harvoni ) FDA Approval 2014 Class NS5A replication complex inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) GT 1 and 4-6 Common Side Effects ( 10%) Headache, fatigue Notes: Caution with acid blocking agents Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
18 PTV/r /OBV + DBV (Viekira Pak/XR and Technivie ) FDA Approval 2014, 2015, and 2016 Class Paritaprevir (PTV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor Ombitasvir (OBV) NS5A replication complex inhibitor Dasabuvir (DBV; in Viekira Pak/XR ) NS5B RNA non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) 1 and 4 Common Side Effects ( 10%) Fatigue, nausea, pruritus, insomnia, asthenia, skin reactions Notes No dose adjustment with renal dysfunction Not recommended in moderate/severe hepatic impairment Contraindicated with many drugs due to strong CYP3A inhibition by ritonavir Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
19 Daclatasvir (DCV; Daklinza ) FDA Approval 2015 Class NS5A replication complex inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) 1 and 3 Common Side Effects ( 10%) Headache, fatigue Notes No dose adjustment for renal impairment Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
20 Elbasvir/Grazoprevir (EBR/GZP; Zepatier ) FDA Approval 2016 Class Elbasvir NS5A replication complex inhibitor Grazoprevir NS3/4A protease inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) 1 and 4 Common Side Effects ( 10%) Headache, fatigue, nausea Notes No dose adjustment for renal impairment Not recommended in moderate/severe hepatic impairment Negatively impacted by GT 1a NS5A polymorphisms at M28, Q30, L31, Y93; thus, baseline HCV resistance testing is recommended Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
21 Velpatasvir (VEL; half of Epclusa ) FDA Approval 2016 Class NS5A replication complex inhibitor Genotypes (FDA approved for treatment) 1-6 Common Side Effects ( 10%) Headache, fatigue Notes First single-tablet, pangenotypic regimen available Bagwell A and Chastain CA. Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 2016.
22 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
23 Primary Factors when Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype Degree of fibrosis I.e. Non-cirrhotic vs. cirrhotic Treatment history I.e. Treatment naïve vs. treatment experienced Recommendations may differ depending on what therapies were used previously (i.e. PEG-IFN vs. DAA-based therapy)
24 Secondary Factors when Selecting HCV Treatment Efficacy Relatively equal among recommended regimens Safety Side effect profile Including need for PEG-IFN or RBV Drug-drug interactions Access Cost Formulary restrictions
25 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
26 HCV GT 1a, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) + RBV SOF (Sovaldi ) + SMV (Olysio ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * ** * - If no NS5A resistance-associated variants detected. ** - Consider 8 weeks in select patients. AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
27 HCV GT 1a, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) + RBV SOF (Sovaldi ) + SMV (Olysio ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * ** F4 (Cirrhotic) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) * LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * - If no NS5A resistance-associated variants detected. ** - Consider 8 weeks in select patients. AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
28 HCV GT 1a, P/R Treatment Experienced (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) + RBV SOF (Sovaldi ) + SMV (Olysio ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * F4 (Cirrhotic) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) * LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) + RBV SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * - If no NS5A resistance-associated variants detected. AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
29 HCV GT 1b, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) SOF (Sovaldi ) + SMV (Olysio ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * * - Consider 8 weeks in select patients. AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
30 HCV GT 1b, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) SOF (Sovaldi ) + SMV (Olysio ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * F4 (Cirrhotic) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) * - Consider 8 weeks in select patients. AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
31 HCV GT 1b, P/R Treatment Experienced (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) SOF (Sovaldi ) + SMV (Olysio ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) F4 (Cirrhotic) EBR/GZP (Zepatier ) LDV/SOF (Harvoni ) + RBV PrOD (Viekira Pak/XR ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
32 QUESTIONS?
33 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
34 HCV GT 2, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) Alternative: SOF (Sovaldi ) + DCV (Daklinza ) AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
35 HCV GT 2, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) Alternative: SOF (Sovaldi ) + DCV (Daklinza ) F4 (Cirrhotic) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) Alternative: weeks SOF (Sovaldi ) + DCV (Daklinza ) AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
36 HCV GT 2, P/R Treatment Experienced (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) Alternative: SOF (Sovaldi ) + DCV (Daklinza ) F4 (Cirrhotic) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) Alternative: weeks SOF (Sovaldi ) + DCV (Daklinza ) AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
37 QUESTIONS?
38 Overview History of HCV Treatment Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Review Selecting HCV Treatment Genotype 1 Genotype 2 Genotype 3
39 HCV GT 3, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
40 HCV GT 3, Treatment Naïve (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) F4 (Cirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) +/- RBV SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) +/- RBV 24 weeks AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
41 HCV GT 3, P/R Treatment Experienced (2/2017) Fibrosis Recommended Treatment Treatment Duration F0-F3 (Noncirrhotic) F4 (Cirrhotic) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) DCV (Daklinza ) + SOF (Sovaldi ) + RBV SOF/VEL (Epclusa ) + RBV 24 weeks AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
42 QUESTIONS?
43 Resistance Associated Variants Present in variable amounts at baseline in the population May be selected in cases of treatment failure Evolving role in timing of testing and impact on DAA selection
44 Resistance Associated Variants: When to Test? Genotype I Simeprevir treatment (GT 1a only) Elbasvir/grazoprevir treatment (GT 1a only) Prior DAA treatment failure (who have cirrhosis or have urgent indications for treatment) Genotype 3 Treatment-naïve patients with cirrhosis OR treatment-experienced patients without cirrhosis when considering: Daclatasivr and sofosbuvir treatment Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir treatment Consider discussion with HCV treatment expert in these and other situations AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines.
45 Summary HCV treatment has transformed over the past several years. High efficacy therapies with limited side effects are available for all genotypes. Select HCV treatment is based on primary (genotype, stage, treatment experience) and secondary factors.
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