INTRODUCTION TO THE GHS

Transcription

1 INTRODUCTION TO THE GHS SAFETY HEALTH & WELLBEING CONTENTS Contents Introduction Purpose Background What is the GHS? GHS hazard communication GHS pictograms Hazard categories Hazard statements Signal words Precautionary statements Further information Frequently asked questions Review and evaluation References Document control... 8 Appendix A Translation Between the ADG Code and GHS classification criteria... 9 Appendix B The NOHSC approved Criteria and GHS classification criteria WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 1 of 15

2 1 INTRODUCTION The classification criteria and labelling requirements for chemicals have changed. Australia has adopted the third revised edition of the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The GHS was implemented in New South Wales on 1 st January University staff and students who work with chemicals need to become familiar with the GHS classifications, pictograms and labelling requirements. 2 PURPOSE This guideline provides an introduction to the GHS classification and labelling system to support implementation of the University s Chemical Safety Standards. 3 BACKGROUND Previously in Australia, dangerous goods and hazardous substances were classified and treated separately. Dangerous Goods were classified in accordance with the Australian Dangerous Goods Code and Hazardous Substances in accordance with the Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances [NOHSC:1008(2004)]. Hazardous Substances were primarily chemicals that are hazardous to health (acute and chronic health effect). Dangerous goods are substances or materials that pose an immediate risk due to physiochemical properties, e.g. explosives, flammable liquids and corrosives. These two classification systems have now been aligned within the GHS with a single set of requirements for hazardous chemicals. The term hazardous chemical now encompasses both hazardous substances and dangerous goods. The relationship between dangerous goods classes and GHS hazard categories is illustrated in Appendix A. 4 WHAT IS THE GHS? The GHS is an internationally agreed classification and labelling system published by the United Nations to provide a consistent approach to hazard communication through labels and safety data sheets. The GHS applies criteria based on the classification of intrinsic properties of chemicals and takes a hazard-based approach. It has criteria for the classification of: Physical hazards (e.g. flammable liquids, explosive, corrosive) Health hazards (e.g. carcinogens, reproductive toxins, acute toxins, sensitisers) The GHS also includes environmental hazards such as aquatic toxicity, but these are not mandated in the NSW WHS regulations. WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 2 of 15

3 4.1 GHS HAZARD COMMUNICATION Hazard Communication describes the information provided on labels and safety data sheets. Requirements apply to all chemicals in the workplace including substances, products, mixtures, preparations and formulations. Manufacturers and suppliers of chemicals and chemical products are required to classify their products, provide an accurate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and provide GHS compliant labelling. Chemical users need to understand the classification of the hazardous chemical they work with and ensure the correct labeling of decanted chemicals and chemical mixtures (Refer to the Guideline for Chemical Labelling). GHS hazard information is provided through: Symbols (pictograms) illustrate hazards of the chemical Signal Words indicate the relative severity of the intrinsic hazards Hazard statements a phrase describing the nature of the hazards Precautionary statements - describe measures to be taken to minimise the adverse effects of exposure to, or improper handling of, a hazardous chemical 4.2 GHS PICTOGRAMS The GHS prescribes nine pictograms to convey the hazards of chemicals (Table 1). More than one pictogram can appear on a label or SDS, but usually there is not more than four. Hazard pictograms, hazard statements, signal words and precautionary statements are required on labels and in Safety Data Sheets. GHS01 Explosive (Div only), Self-reactive, Organic peroxide GHS02 Flammable, Self-reactive, Pyrophoric, Self-Heating, Emits flammable gas, Organic peroxide Oxidiser GHS03 GHS04 Gases under pressure GHS05 Skin corrosion, Serious eye damage / eye irritation, Corrosive to metal, GHS06 Acute toxicity (severe) WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 3 of 15

4 GHS07 Irritant, Dermal sensitiser, Acute toxicity (harmful) GHS08 Carcinogen, Respiratory sensitiser, Reproductive toxicity, Target Organ toxicity, Mutagenicity, Aspiration toxicity GHS09 Aquatic toxicity (acute and chronic) (not mandated by NSW WHS regulations) Table 1- GHS Pictograms and Hazard Classes 4.3 HAZARD CATEGORIES Each GHS hazard class contains different categories which indicate the severity of the hazard (similar to the Dangerous Goods packing groups). chemicals pose the greatest risk. Refer Table 2. Hazard Class Categories Pictogram Signal Word Hazard Statement Table 2 - Hazard categories, statements and signal words for Flammable Liquids 4.4 HAZARD STATEMENTS Different categories and classes are given unique H or hazard statements. Hazard statements describe the nature of the hazards of a chemical and the degree of hazard. 4.5 SIGNAL WORDS Two signal words Danger and Warning also communicate the level of severity of a hazard DANGER is used for a more severe or significant hazard while WARNING is used for the less severe hazards. 4.6 PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS Precautionary statements describe measures which are recommended to prevent or minimise the adverse effects of exposure to, or improper handling of a hazardous chemical. Precautionary statements describe the following actions: WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 4 of 15

5 Type Prevention Response Storage Disposal Example Keep away from sparks and open flames. In case of fire: Use powder for extinction Store in a well-ventilated placed Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations Table 3: Examples of Precautionary statements Precautionary Statements are very similar to the previously used risk and safety phrases. The relationship between dangerous goods classes and GHS hazard categories is illustrated in Appendix A. Appendix B describes the correlation between precautionary statements and risk and safety phrases. When using GHS symbols it is very important to also read the precautionary statements. For example, one GHS pictogram replaces six different dangerous goods symbols for flammable substances (Figure 1 below). The precautionary statement, will describe the exact nature of the hazard, e.g. In contact with water releases flammable gas. Figure 1 - Comparison of Dangerous Goods and GHS pictograms for flammable materials 5 FURTHER INFORMATION A useful tool for the laboratory or workplace is the Safe Work Australia GHS poster, available in A4 or A3 size, Classification and labelling for workplace hazardous chemicals poster. The key requirements for hazardous chemical management are described in Chapter 7 Hazardous Chemicals of the Work Health and Safety Regulation Safe Work Australia has released Guidance on the Classification of Workplace Hazardous Chemical [2] and specific naming, labelling and hazard requirements of the GHS are further detailed in the following SafeWork NSW Codes of Practice: Managing Risk of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace 2014 Labelling of Workplace Hazardous Chemicals 2016 Preparation of Safety Data Sheets for Hazardous Chemicals 2011 WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 5 of 15

6 6 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS. Why am I receiving chemicals from suppliers with GHS labels? The NSW WHS Regulation 2017 mandates requirements for chemical hazard classification and labelling based on the United Nations Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (the GHS). Suppliers are required to label chemicals so they are compliant with the WHS Regulation 2017 (specifically Schedule 9, part 3). This means that chemicals provided by your supplier are correctly classified and labelled in accordance with the GHS and that a current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided. Will I have to change the labels on the chemicals in my lab? As you perform your normal workplace duties of updating chemical manifests, registers, SDS and labels, you should make required changes according to the GHS. Labels on existing chemicals in the workplace which meet the previous Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances [NOHSC:1008(2004)] do not have to be relabelled. Older containers of chemicals should either be disposed of, or relabelled. Do GHS symbols mean the same thing as the DG symbols? No. The GHS system has redefined some of the hazards. This means that for some chemicals the labels may be very different. This does not mean that the substance has become more or less hazardous, but the way the hazard has been classified has changed. Sometimes this makes it difficult to compare the GHS and ADG systems. Should the GHS system be used when I am teaching? Legally, the GHS system is now the approved system of chemical labelling and hazard classification. To assist students with the transition from the dangerous goods system to the GHS, you should integrate the GHS system into your work and curriculum as soon as reasonably practicable. What about information in text books? Existing text books and other curriculum resources will retain the old dangerous goods classification system. New publications, including exam papers will begin to use the GHS classification and labelling system. Do I still need to keep a hazardous chemical register under the GHS? Yes. The WHS Regulation 2017 requires that a register of hazardous chemicals at the workplace be prepared and kept up to date. The purpose of this register is to identify hazards associated with hazardous chemicals and provide information to manage their health and safety risks in the workplace. The register must be readily accessible to workers involved in using, handling or storing hazardous chemicals and to anyone else who is likely to be affected by a hazardous chemical at the workplace. The register must include a list of hazardous chemicals used, handled or stored at the workplace and an SDS must be available for each hazardous chemical listed. What label should I place on a substance I am preparing now? A GHS label is required on all solutions and mixtures that will be stored. WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 6 of 15

7 Are Dangerous Goods Classes still relevant? DG classifications still apply to the transport of chemicals by air, road or rail. The GHS recognizes the equivalent pictograms that apply to Dangerous Goods under the ADG code. DG class diamonds may be present in the workplace on existing chemicals that were purchased prior to 1 January What is the HCIS? The HCIS or Hazardous Chemical Information System is produced by Safe Work Australia. It lists the GHS classification of some hazardous chemicals which have been classified by an authoritative source (such as the European Chemicals Agency - ECHA or National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme - NICNAS) What has happened to the DG Class 6.2 (infectious substances), Class 7 (radioactive) and Class 9 (miscellaneous) dangerous goods symbols? These DG Classes are not covered within the scope of workplace hazardous chemicals requirements but are still to be used for the transport of chemicals. 7 REVIEW AND EVALUATION Guidelines will be reviewed by Safety Health & Wellbeing at least once every two years to identify and implement opportunities for improvement. 8 REFERENCES 1. Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, 3 rd Ed., UNECE, [accessed September 2017]. 2. Guidance on the Classification of Chemicals under the WHS Regulations 2012, Safe Work Australia. 3. Chemicals and the GHS, SafeWork NSW [accessed September 2017]. WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 7 of 15

8 9 DOCUMENT CONTROL Acknowledgements Related Documents WHS_CHE_STD_1_Chemical Safety Standard WHS_CHEM_GUI_1_Guideline for Chemical Labelling Safe Work Australia Classification and labelling of workplace hazardous chemicals laboratory poster Version Control Date released 1.0 1/10/ /01/ /9/17 Author/s Custodian Approved by Amendment WHS Specialist (Chemical) WHS Specialist (Chemical) WHS Specialist (Chemical) Manager, Work Health & Safety Services Manager, Work Health & Safety Services Manager, Work Health & Safety Services Director, Safety Health & Wellbeing Manager, Work Health & Safety Services Manager, Work Health & Safety Services Original Minor update to FAQ relabelling requirements Updates to links and references Printed copies of this document are uncontrolled. Verify version before using. WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 8 of 15

9 APPENDIX A TRANSLATION BETWEEN THE ADG CODE AND GHS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA SAFETY HEALTH & WELLBEING The table below provides translation of chemicals defined as dangerous goods under The Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (ADG Code), to the classification assigned under the GHS [2]. The table includes ecotoxicological hazard classes and hazard categories, which are presented as information only and are not mandatory under WHS Regulations. ADG Classification Physical GHS Classification Criteria state Classification Hazard Statement Explosives too hazardous for transport Unstable explosive H200 Unstable explosive Substances too hazardous for transport Self-reactive Substances & Mixtures: Type A H240 Heating may cause an explosion Organic Peroxides Type A H240 Heating may cause an explosion Division 1.1 Explosives Explosives Division 1.1 H201 Explosive; mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 Explosives Explosives Division 1.2 H202 - Explosive; severe projection hazard Division 1.3 Explosives Explosives Division 1.3 H203 Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard Division 1.4 Explosives Explosives Division 1.4 H204 Fire or projection hazard Division 1.5 Explosives Explosives Division 1.5 H205 May mass explode in fire Division 1.6 Explosives Explosives Division 1.6 None Class 2 Gases Division 2.1 Flammable Gases Division 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic Gases Divisions 2.2 / Sub-risk. 5.1 Oxidising Gases, Non-flammable, non-toxic Gases, Sub-risk Oxidising Substances Division 2.3 Toxic Gases Gas Gases under pressure Gases under pressure Compressed Gas Gases under pressure Liquefied Gas Gases under pressure Dissolved Gas Gas under pressure Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Gas Flammable Gases Flammable Aerosol Gas Liquid/Gas Gas Flammable Aerosol Compressed Gas, Liquefied Gas & Dissolved Gas Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Oxidising Gases Gases under pressure not otherwise specified Gas Acute Inhalation Toxicity (gas) Acute Inhalation Toxicity (gas) Acute Inhalation Toxicity (gas) Category 3 Skin Corrosion Sub-category 1A 1C H280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated H281 Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury H220 Extremely flammable gas H222 Extremely flammable aerosol H223 Flammable aerosol H280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated H281 Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury H270 May cause or intensify fire; Oxidiser H280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated H330 Fatal if inhaled H330 Fatal if inhaled H331 Toxic if inhaled H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Class 3: PG I Flammable Liquids Liquid Flammable Liquids H224 Extremely flammable liquid and Class 3: PG II Flammable Liquids Liquid Flammable Liquids H225 Highly flammable liquid and Class 3: PG III Flammable Liquids Liquid Flammable Liquids Category 3 H226 Flammable liquid and Division 4.1: PG II Flammable Solids Solid Flammable Solids H228 Flammable solid Division 4.1: PG III Flammable Solids Solid Flammable Solids H228 Flammable solid Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type A Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type A H240 Heating may cause an explosion Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type B Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type B H241 Heating may cause a fire or explosion Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type C Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type C H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type D Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type D H242 Heating may cause a fire WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 9 of 15

10 ADG Classification Physical GHS Classification Criteria state Classification Hazard Statement Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type E Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type E H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type F Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type F H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 4.1: Self-reactive Substance Type G Solid Self-reactive Substances and Mixtures: Type G None Division 4.2: PG I Pyrophoric Substances Liquid Pyrophoric Liquids H250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air Division 4.2: PG I Pyrophoric Substances Solid Pyrophoric Solids H250 - Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air Division 4.2: PG II Self-heating Substances Self-heating Substances and Mixtures H251 Self-heating; may catch fire Division 4.2: PG III Self-heating Substances Self-heating Substances and Mixtures H252 Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire Division 4.3: PG I Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases H260 In contact with water releases flammable gases, which may ignite spontaneously Division 4.3: PG II Substances which in contact Substances which, in contact with water, emit with water emit flammable gases flammable gases H261 In contact with water releases flammable gases Division 4.3: PG III Substances which in contact Substances which, in contact with water, emit with water emit flammable gases flammable gases Category 3 H261 In contact with water releases flammable gases Division 5.1: PG I Oxidising Substances Liquid Oxidising Liquids Solid Oxidising Solids H271 May cause fire or explosion; Strong oxidiser Division 5.1: PG II Oxidising Substances Liquid Oxidising Liquids Solid Oxidising Solids H272 May intensify fire; Oxidiser Division 5.1: PG III Oxidising Substances Liquid Oxidising Liquids Category 3 Solid Oxidising Solids Category 3 H272 May intensify fire; Oxidiser Division 5.2: Type A Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides Type A H240 Heating may cause an explosion Division 5.2: Type B Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides Type B H241 Heating may cause a fire or explosion Division 5.2: Type C Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides Type C H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 5.2: Type D Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides Type D H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 5.2: Type E Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides Type E H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 5.2: Type F Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxides Type F H242 Heating may cause a fire Division 5.2: Type G Organic Peroxides Organic peroxides Type G None Division 6.1: PG I Toxic Substances Dust/mist/ Acute Oral Toxicity Acute Dermal Toxicity H300 Fatal if swallowed H310 Fatal in contact with skin Division 6.1: PG II Toxic Substances Division 6.1: PG III Toxic Substances Dust/mist/ Dust/mist/ Acute Inhalation Toxicity Acute Oral Toxicity Acute Dermal Toxicity Acute Inhalation Toxicity Acute Oral Toxicity Category 3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Category 3 Acute Inhalation Toxicity Category 3 H330 Fatal if inhaled H300 Fatal if swallowed H310 Fatal in contact with skin H330 Fatal if inhaled H301 Toxic if swallowed H311 Toxic in contact with skin H331 Toxic if inhaled Division 6.2: Infectious Substances Not covered by GHS Classification Criteria Class 7: Radioactive Material Not covered by GHS Classification Criteria Class 8: PG I Corrosive Substances Skin Corrosion Sub-category 1A H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Class 8: PG II Corrosive Substances Skin Corrosion Sub-category 1B H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Class 8: PG III Corrosive Substances Skin Corrosion Sub-category 1C Corrosive to Metals H314 Causes severe burns and eye damage H290 May be corrosive to metals Class 9: Acute Aquatic Toxicity I Acute Aquatic Toxicity H400 Very toxic to aquatic life Class 9: Chronic Aquatic Toxicity I Chronic Aquatic Toxicity H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Class 9: Chronic Aquatic Toxicity II Chronic Aquatic Toxicity H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 10 of 15

11 APPENDIX B THE NOHSC APPROVED CRITERIA AND GHS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA This table shows the relationship between dome risk phrases and GHS hazard statements [2]. SAFETY HEALTH & WELLBEING Classification under the Approved Criteria [NOHSC:1008(2004)] E Danger: R2 - Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or Explosive other sources of ignition E Danger: R3 - Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, Explosive fire or other sources of ignition O Danger: Oxidising O Danger: Oxidising O Danger: Oxidising O Danger: Oxidising O Danger: Oxidising R7 - May cause fire R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R9 - Explosive when mixed with combustible material R9 - Explosive when mixed with combustible material Physical state Gas Liquid, solid Liquid Solid Classification GHS Classification Criteria No translation possible. Reclassify utilising GHS criteria for Explosives. No translation possible. Reclassify utilising GHS Criteria for Explosives. Organic Peroxides Type C and D Organic Peroxides Type E and F Oxidising Gases Hazard Statement H242 - Heating may cause a fire H242 - Heating may cause a fire H270 - May cause or intensify fire; Oxidiser No translation possible. Reclassify utilising GHS criteria for Oxidising Liquids or Oxidising Solids. Oxidising Liquids Oxidising Solids H271 - May cause fire or explosion; Strong oxidiser H271 - May cause fire or explosion; Strong oxidiser Note F - Danger: Flammable R10 - Flammable Liquid Flammable liquids category 1: if flashpoint <23ºC and initial boiling point 35ºC Flammable liquids category 2: if flashpoint <23ºC and initial boiling point >35ºC Flammable liquids category 3: if flashpoint 23ºC H224 Extremely flammable liquid and H225 Highly flammable liquid and H226 Flammable liquid and F - Danger: Highly Flammable R11 - Highly flammable Liquid F - Danger: Highly Flammable Flammable liquids category 1: if initial boiling point 35ºC Flammable liquids category 2: if initial boiling point >35ºC H224 Extremely flammable liquid and H225 Highly flammable liquid and R11 - Highly flammable Solid No translation possible. Reclassify utilising GHS criteria for Flammable Solids. WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 11 of 15

12 Classification under the Approved Criteria Physical GHS Classification Criteria Note [NOHSC:1008(2004)] state Classification Hazard Statement F+ - Danger: Highly R12 - Extremely flammable Gas Flammable Gas none (10) Flammable F+ - Danger: Highly H224 - Extremely flammable liquid and R12 - Extremely flammable Liquid Flammable Liquid (8) Flammable Self-reactive Type C and D H242 - Heating may cause a fire (8) F+ - Danger: Highly R12 - Extremely flammable Liquid Self-reactive Type E and F H242 - Heating may cause a fire (8) Flammable Self-reactive Type G None (8) F - Danger: Highly Flammable F - Danger: Highly Flammable: F - Danger: Highly Flammable R15 - Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases Substances and Mixtures which, in contact with water, emit Flammable Gases Category 3 R17 - Spontaneously flammable in air Liquid Pyrophoric Liquids 1 R17 - Spontaneously flammable in air Solid Pyrophoric Solids H261 - In contact with water releases flammable gases H250 - Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air H250 - Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air R20 - Harmful by inhalation Gas Acute Toxicity Category 4 H332 - Harmful if inhaled (2) R20 - Harmful by inhalation Vapour Acute Toxicity Category 4 H332 - Harmful if inhaled R20 - Harmful by inhalation Dust/mist Acute Toxicity Category 4 H332- Harmful if inhaled R21 - Harmful in contact with skin Acute Toxicity Category 4 H312 - Harmful in contact with skin R22 - Harmful if swallowed Acute Toxicity Category 4 H302 - Harmful if swallowed R23 - Toxic by inhalation Gas Acute Toxicity Category 3 H331 - Toxic if inhaled (2) R23 - Toxic by inhalation Vapour Acute Toxicity H330 - Fatal if inhaled R23 - Toxic by inhalation Dust/mist Acute Toxicity Category 3 H331 - Toxic if inhaled R24 - Toxic in contact with skin Acute Toxicity Category 3 H311 - Toxic in contact with skin R25 - Toxic if swallowed Acute Toxicity Category 3 H301 - Toxic if swallowed T+ - Very Toxic R26 - Very toxic by inhalation Gas Acute Toxicity H330 - Fatal if inhaled (2) T+ - Very Toxic R26 - Very toxic by inhalation Vapour Acute Toxicity H330 - Fatal if inhaled T+ - Very Toxic R26 - Very toxic by inhalation Dust/mist Acute Toxicity H330 - Fatal if inhaled T+ - Very Toxic R27 - Very toxic in contact with skin Acute Toxicity H310 - Fatal in contact with skin T+ - Very Toxic R28 - Very Toxic if swallowed Acute Toxicity H300 - Fatal if swallowed R33 - Danger of cumulative effects Translation as per R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure (by inhalation, contact with skin or swallowed (R20/21/22)) see below. C - Corrosive R34 - Causes burns Skin Corrosion Sub-category 1B H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage (3) C - Corrosive R35 - Causes severe burns Skin Corrosion Sub-category 1A H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Xi Irritant R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes Eye Damage H318 - Causes serious eye damage Xi - Irritant R36 - Irritating to eyes Eye Irritation A H319 - Causes serious eye irritation Xi - Irritant R37 - Irritating to respiratory system Category 3 H335 - May cause respiratory irritation Xi - Irritant R38 - Irritating to skin Skin irritation H315 - Causes skin irritation WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 12 of 15

13 T+ - Very Toxic T+ - Very Toxic T+ - Very Toxic Classification under the Approved Criteria [NOHSC:1008(2004)] R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R23 Toxic by inhalation R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R24 Toxic in contact with skin R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R25 Toxic if swallowed R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R26 Very toxic by inhalation R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R27 Very toxic in contact with skin R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R28 Very toxic if swallowed R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects R20 Harmful by inhalation R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects R21 Harmful in contact with skin R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects R22 Harmful if swallowed Physical state SAFETY HEALTH & WELLBEING GHS Classification Criteria Classification Hazard Statement Note - Single Exposure H370 - Causes damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure H370 - Causes damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure H370 - Causes damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure H370 - Causes damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure H370 - Causes damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure H370 - Causes damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure H371 - May cause damage to organs (4) - Single Exposure - Single Exposure H371 - May cause damage to organs H371 - May cause damage to organs R42 May cause sensitisation by inhalation Respiratory Sensitisation H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact Skin Sensitisation H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure R20 Harmful by inhalation R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure R21 Harmful in contact with skin R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure R22 Harmful if swallowed R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposu R23 Toxic by inhalation R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure R24 Toxic in contact with skin R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure R25 Toxic if swallowed - Repeated Exposure - Repeated Exposure - Repeated Exposure - Repeated Exposure - Repeated Exposure - Repeated Exposure H373 - May cause damage to organs H373 - May cause damage to organs H373 - May cause damage to organs (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) H372 - Causes damage to organs (4) H372 - Causes damage to organs (4) H372 - Causes damage to organs (4) WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 13 of 15

14 Carcinogen ; Carcinogen ; Carcinogen ; Carcinogen Carcinogen Category 3 Mutagen Mutagen Mutagen Category 3 Reproductive Toxin Reproductive Toxin Reproductive Toxin Category 3 N Dangerous for the Environment N Dangerous for the Environment Classification under the Approved Criteria [NOHSC:1008(2004)] R64 May cause harm to breastfed babies R65 Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness R45 May cause cancer R45 May cause cancer R49 May cause cancer by inhalation R49 may cause cancer by inhalation R40 Limited evidence of carcinogenic effect R46 May cause heritable genetic damage R46 May cause heritable genetic damage R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects R60 May impair fertility R61 May cause harm to the unborn child R60 May impair fertility R61 May cause harm to the unborn child R62 Possible risk of impaired fertility R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms R53 May cause long term adverse effects in the aquatic environment Physical state SAFETY HEALTH & WELLBEING GHS Classification Criteria Classification Hazard Statement Effects on or via lactation H362 - May cause harm to breast-fed children Aspiration hazard H304 - May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways H336 - May cause drowsiness and - Repeated Exposure dizziness Category 3 Carcinogenicity A Carcinogenicity B Carcinogenicity A Carcinogenicity B Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity A Mutagenicity B Mutagenicity Toxic to Reproduction A Toxic to Reproduction B Toxic to Reproduction Acute Aquatic Toxicity Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Note H350 - May cause cancer (5) H350 - May cause cancer (5) H350 - May cause cancer (5) H350 - May cause cancer (5) H351 - Suspected of causing cancer H340 - May cause genetic defects H340 - May cause genetic defects H341 - Suspected of causing genetic defects H360 - May damage fertility or the unborn child H360 - May damage fertility or the unborn child H361 - Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child (6) (6) (6) H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life (10) H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects (7) (9) (10) (7) (9) (10) WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 14 of 15

15 Classification under the Approved Criteria [NOHSC:1008(2004)] Physical state Classification GHS Classification Criteria Hazard Statement Note N Dangerous for the Environment R51 Toxic to aquatic organisms R53 May cause long term adverse effects in the aquatic environment Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity H401 - Toxic to aquatic life H411 - Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects (7) (9) (10) (7) (9) (10) R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms R53 May cause long term adverse effects in the aquatic environment R53 May cause long term adverse effects in the aquatic environment Acute Aquatic Toxicity Category 3 Acute Aquatic Toxicity Category 3 Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Category 3 Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Category 4 H402 - Harmful to aquatic life (10) H402 - Harmful to aquatic life H412 - Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects H413 - May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life (7) (9)( 10) (7) (9) (10) (10) Note 1: For these hazard categories, GHS translation may result in a hazard class that is excluded from legislation. It is possible to use the minimum classification recommended by the GHS and being implemented in Australia, unless data or other information is available. Note 2: For these hazard categories, the Approved Criteria and the GHS Classification Criteria report LC 50 (50% lethal concentration) values in different units for gases (mg/l and ppmv respectively). Conversion from mg/l to ppmv is chemical specific and requires the molecular weight. Consequently, depending on the molecular weight, some gases classified in Approved Criteria hazard categories may result in a more or less severe classification under the GHS Classification Criteria than that indicated Note 3: It is recommended to classify as skin corrosion sub-category 1B, even if it also be possible that skin corrosion sub-category 1C could be applicable. Going back to original data may not result in a possibility to distinguish between sub-categories 1B or 1C, as the exposure period has normally been up to 4 hours according to test guidelines such as OECD TG 404. Note 4: The route of exposure can be added to the hazard statement in the future as indicated in the current classification, if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard. Note 5: The route of exposure can be added to the hazard statement as indicated in the current classification, if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard. By indicating only the exposure route of concern, this would capture classification with R49 ( May cause cancer by inhalation ) as indicated in the Approved Criteria. Note 6: Hazard statements H360 (May damage fertility or the unborn child) and H361 (Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child) indicate a general concern for both the reproductive properties related to fertility and developmental effects. According to the hazard statement, only the specific effect can be reported if known. Note 7: The Approved Criteria combines acute with chronic toxicity for some hazard categories (i.e. N51 does not exist as an individual classification). However, the GHS Classification Criteria separates acute and chronic hazard classes. Note 8: F+ - Danger: Highly Flammable; R12 - Extremely flammable (liquids) shall be translated as flammable liquid unless it is also determined to be self-reactive under the GHS Classification Criteria, in which case, it translates into self-reactive substances and mixtures Type C to G. Note 9: Additional chronic toxicity data based on NOEC (no observed effect concentration) or equivalent EC x (the effective concentration that incurs x% response) values shall be considered during re-classification. Note 10: Non-mandatory classification categories, however, may be required under the ADG Code. WHS_CHE_GUI_1_Introduction to the GHS Page 15 of 15