1/5 of world s population 40% of world s poor 400 million < USD 1/day >11 million drug users & > 3.6 million opiate users

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1 UNODC in South Asia 2010

2 UNODC SOUTH ASIA

3 South Asia -Facts & Figures 1/5 of world s population 40% of world s poor 400 million < USD 1/day >11 million drug users & > 3.6 million opiate users 1 Approx. 570,000injecting drug users (IDUs) 1 ~13% IDUs infected with HIV 1 > 150,000 women & children trafficked each year 2 1 UNODC World Drug Report UNODC UN.GIFT Conference Report 2007, 8

4 South Asia -Facts & Figures Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Sri Lanka Population (millions) , GDP per capita (US$) 494 1,933 1,061 4, ,030 GDP (US $) ,991 bn. 1,358 bn tn. 1,260 bn. 12,614 bn. 40,714 bn. Injecting Drug Users (% population) 30,000 (0.02%) NA 164,820 (0.01%) NA 22,050 (0.07%) NA HIV prevalence Among IDUs 7% 2% 11% NA 41% NA HDI (world rank) NA = data not available Source: UN Data (

5 Drug Trafficking in South Asia Heroin Cannabis resin ATS ATS Lab busts Pharmaceuticals

6 Drug Use Primary drug use among users seeking treatment for drug problems 1 83% 87% cannabis opiates Bangladesh Maldives cocaine ATS 17% 13% sedatives inhalants 94% Nepal 100% Sri Lanka India 73% 6% No data available for Bhutan 0% 19% 5% 1% 2% 1 UN World Drug Report 2009

7 Regional Office South Asia Established in 1987 and based in New Delhi, India UNODC is working with: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka: 4 least developed countries in the region (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal) 2 (post) conflict countries (Nepal, Sri Lanka) Delivering as One : Bhutan a One UN Country, Maldives next candidate

8 UN Conventions -Ratification Status South Asia Convention Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Sri Lanka Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC), 2005 Ratified Signed Signed Ratified Signed Ratified UN Convention against Trans-national Organized Crime (UNTOC), Signed - Signed Ratified Convention against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 Party Party Party Party Party Party Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 Party Party Party Party Party Party Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 Party Party Party Party Party Party

9 Programme South Asia UNODC assists Member States in... Reducing the spread of HIV and AIDS among injecting drug users and other high risk groups incl. prisoners and victims of human trafficking Preventing drug use and providing drug users with care and rehabilitation Law enforcement and prevention of drug trafficking Preventing human trafficking and smuggling of migrants Preventing and containing corruption

10 ProgrammeSouth Asia Thematic Area No. of projects 2010 Cooperation (million USD) HIV and AIDS prevention and care Community-centered prevention Drug trafficking & precursor control Anti human trafficking & smuggling of migrants Corruption prevention Total

11 Drug Law Enforcement Situation International and domestic trafficking of illicit drugs mainly opiates, cannabis and pharmaceuticals Precursor chemicals diverted from legitimate sources and trafficked internationally Emerging clandestine production of ATS UNODC Response UNODC Response UNODC works with law enforcement and regulatory agencies to: Assess the nature of drug use and trafficking Helpamend and harmonize drug legislation whilst building the skills and capacities of law enforcers to implement them Encourage international cooperation in criminal justice matters

12 Drug Law Enforcement Outreach police officers trained in the second round of a capacity building training scheme in Bangladesh 3 day sensitisationprogrammefor policy makers, administrative officers and police chiefs conducted in Arunachal Pradesh (India) State Drug Controllers from North-East India trained in 2 sensitisation workshops on data compilation

13 Drug Use & HIV Situation and trends Irregular use of pharmaceutical drugs is a major concern (India, Bangladesh) Switch from non-injecting to injecting methods is common Needle sharing most liable route of infection and with HIV & hepatitis C Low treatment quality coverage and access Denial and stigmatization legal and policy barriers Sex partner of drug users often not recognized as high risk group

14 Drug Use & HIV UNODC Response Formulating & testing pilot models for treatment/ harm reduction schemes for up-scaling Joint UN Regional Initiative with UNAIDS & WHO Comprehensive package of intervention: Needle and syringe programmes(nsps) Opioidsubstitution therapy (OST) HIV testing and counselling(t&c) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Condom programmes for IDUs and their sexual partners Targeted information, education and communication (IEC) for IDUs and their sexual partners Vaccination, diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB)

15 Drug Use & HIV Outreach 2009 (India) North-East Meghalaya: Community based awareness programmesreached 9241 people (< 50% women) including 844 key community members Mizoram: 2234 village leaders trained on HIV prevention among IDUs and their partners; 10 advocacy committees set up. Music talent hunt and multi-media campaign launched with NACO and Mizoram State AIDS Control Society Nagaland: HIV and drug use prevention messages spread to 780 people via church leaders National Level National Level Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programmeproposal approved by Government and funds secured to study efficacy and feasibility

16 Drug Use & HIV Nepal Situation HIV prevalence among IDUs: 0% in % in 1999, now estimated at 40-60% Injection of drugs is widespread and increasing IDUs display high risk behaviours Outreach drug users including 90 females reached through 5 drop-in centres, distributing condoms and exchanging injection equipment Methadone maintenance treatment programme reached 222 drug users

17 HIV/AIDS in Prisons Situation Prisons in South Asia: % overcrowding Evidence of high risk behaviors in prisons High prisoner turnover and presence of pre-trial remandees Inadequate data on drug use and HIV Low NGO participation

18 UNODC Response Advocacy and implementation of comprehensive package Drug treatment (OST) Addressing health concerns of female prisoners Capacity building for prison staff HIV/AIDS in Prisons Training prison staff and inmates on the risks of drug use and its linkages with HIV Generating more evidence on drug use, HIV and risk behaviors in prisons Outreach 2009 In 2008, the first oral substitution treatment programme in South Asia launched in Tihar, India and reached 80 clients in its first year National and regional-level advocacy is underway for creating an enabling legal environment for female drug using prisoners (India) Training of stakeholders from medical, prison, police and civil institutions on the comprehensive package of services (32 in Dhaka, Bangladesh and 24 in Colombo, Sri Lanka)

19 Situation Human trafficking is the 3 rd largest transnational organized crime 1 South Asian countries are source, transit & destination countries Sexual exploitation, forced labour, organ trade UNODC Response Strengthening capacities of criminal justice system Victim Support Support of shelter Homes Anti-Human Trafficking Promoting international cooperation between countries (Kolkata Workshop 2010) Technical assistance through prevention, prosecution and protection (3 P s) MoUwith UNIFEM Legal & Policy Review of Response to Human Trafficking in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka Joint Programme with IOM Code of Conduct with the Ministry of Tourism, GoI 1 UNODC India Country Report 2008,3

20 Anti-Human Trafficking Outreach 2009 (India) Trained 600 caregivers in shelter homes in 6 states of India Trained 13,490 law enforcement officials Established 9 anti human trafficking units Over 1000 women received livelihood training Over 400 children in shelter homes were provided with career guidance & counseling Developed 12 publications on training, standard operating procedures and information education (IEC) materials

21 Situation Evidence of migrant smuggling from countries in South Asia to Europe, Australia, Middle East & Southeast Asia Push and pull factors 4.3% of the total number of irregular migrants Smuggling of Migrants in 2008 were from the SAARC countries (SAARC 1.6 billion population, 2010) approx million people Organized crime networks Criminal networks control the flow of migrants Employment agencies

22 UNODC Response Develop evidence base on migrant smuggling & promote cooperation between stakeholders two studies on smuggling of migrants from (i) Tamil Nadu, (ii) Punjab and Haryana in India to Europe, in particular to the United Kingdom Consultation: EU Member States,GoI& UNODC (August 2009) Smuggling of Migrants Strengthen the local, national and regional responses towards preventing migrant smuggling and promote safe mobility in the region

23 Anti-Corruption Situation Major governance challenge Governments amenable to address the issue Legislative and administrative gaps still remain in the countries that have ratified UNCAC (Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives)

24 Anti-Corruption UNODC Response Assisting states in ratifying and implementing UNCAC Sri Lanka: support to UNDEF project with civil society -promoting democracy & integrity Joint programmes with UNDP: Maldives: Integrity in Action Maldives & Sri Lanka: Implementation of UNCAC (GAP analysis) India (in line with UN Global Compact strategy): Sensitisingprivate sector on the need to combat corruption Workshops on sharing global best practices Knowledge support for UNCAC ratification efforts Maldives: Skill-building workshop with the Government Basic investigation skills and forensic auditing Needs analysis exercise to assess long-term training requirements of the Anti-Corruption Commission Strengthening the operational capabilities of anti-corruption agencies

25 Drugs and HIV/AIDS Drug Use Situation and Responses in Schools and Communities (2009) Training Module on Positive Living for Drug Users and their Sex Partners (2009) Women and Drug Use in India Substance, Women and High Risk Assessment Study (2008) Prevention of Transmission of HIV among Drug Users in SAARC Countries Intervention Toolkit (2007) Legal and Policy Concerns related to IDU Harm Reduction in SAARC Countries (2007) Prevention of Human Trafficking & Smuggling of Migrants Selected Publications on South Asia Smuggling of Migrants from India to Europe and in particular UK -A Study on Punjab & Haryana (2009) Smuggling of Migrants from India to Europe and in particular UK -A Study on Tamil Nadu (2009) India Country Report To Prevent and Combat Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Women (2008) Compendium on Best Practice on Anti Human Trafficking by Law Enforcement Agencies (2007) Law Enforcement, Drug & Precursor Control Law Enforcement, Drug & Precursor Control Guidelines for Trainers on Drug Law Enforcement (2009) Curriculum on Drug Law Enforcement (2009) Training Manual on Drug Law Enforcement (2009) Precursor Substances Frequently Used in the Clandestine Production/ Manufacturing of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Poster (2008)

26 Contact Us This presentation was prepared by: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime South Asia For further information, please contact: Ms. Shraddhaa Mahapatra(Communications Focal Point) EP 16/17, Chandragupta Marg Chanakyapuri New Delhi INDIA Tel: