FACT SHEET KAZAKHSTAN (REPUBLIC OF)

Transcription

1 FACT SHEET KAZAKHSTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 2,724,900 sq. km. Source: Kazakhstan in Figures. Committee on Statistics, Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2014 Borders: China: 1,783 km Kyrgyzstan: 1,242 km Russian Federation: 7,591 km Turkmenistan: 426 km Uzbekistan: 2,351 km Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 Population (thousands) 2011 Total 16,554 16,821 17,100 17,372 17,625 17, aged 11,368 11,478 11,578 11,663 11,729 11,764 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES SEIZURES Drug seizures Opioids: Heroin (kg) Opium (kg) Illicit morphine: Morphine (gram) Morphine HCL (gram) Poppy plants: Poppy straw (kg) Opium poppy 2 (kg) Other illicit opiates Extracted opium (gram) Acetylated opium (gram) Pharmaceutical opioids: Fentanyl (gram) Codeine (gram) Promedol (gram) Buprenorphine (gram) Methadone (gram) Other illicit opioids: Desomorphine (gram) Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb, kg) 27, , , , , White poppy Updated March

2 Drug seizures Cannabis plants (kg) , Hashish (resin, kg) Cannabis resin (extract, kg) Cannabis oil (kg) Tetrahydrocannabinol (kg) Cocaine-type Cocaine salts (gram) , Cocaine hydrochloride (gram) ATS Amphetamine (gram) Methamphetamine (gram) Ecstasy-type substances: MDMA (gram) Prescription stimulants: Pyrovalerone (gram) , , Other stimulants: Methcathinone (gram) , C-B 4 (gram) Mazindol (gram) Sedatives and Tranquillizers Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam (gram) Diazepam (stesolid, gram) Bromazepam (gram) Barbiturates: Pentobarbital (gram) Phenobarbital (gram) Note: Most of the synthetic drugs are not related to smuggling and were seized in the course of annual Doping operation that aims to identify and suppress smuggling, as well as the leak of under controlled narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors trafficking. 3 Pervitin 4 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine Updated March

3 Heroin seizures in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Source: Joint online platform of UNODC AOTP and Paris Pact projects, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Source: Joint online platform of UNODC AOTP and Paris Pact projects, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Updated March

4 Precursors and other substance seizures 5 Acetic anhydride (litters) Sulphuric acid (litters) , Ephedra herb (kg) Potassium permanganate (kg) Toluene (litters) Hydrochloric acid (litters) 1, , Acetone (litters) 1.0 3, Ethyl ether (litters) Illicit cultivation and wild growing drug plants Cannabis: Cases Revealed plants 13,856 40,269 47, , ,611 Areas revealed (sq.m) ,384.3 Areas destroyed (sq.m) ,397.0 Opium poppy: Cases Revealed plants 445 1, ,510 6,034 Areas revealed (sq.m) n/a n/a n/a 0.5 (ha) n/a Areas destroyed (sq.m) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Wild growing cannabis: Cases Revealed plants 192 9, ,933 Areas revealed (sq.m) n/a n/a n/a n/a 15,512 Areas destroyed (sq.m) n/a n/a n/a n/a 5,112.0 Note: No cases related to ephedra cultivation. Provinces of Kazakhstan where sites of illicit cannabis cultivation were revealed, Precursor seizures are not related to smuggling of substances 6 Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation 2015: Central Asian Region (funded by OSCE), Tashkent, 2015, p.10 Updated March

5 Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan Note: The map reflects the provinces where revealed the sites of illicit cultivation according to articles in the Narkopost magazine, #4/2016, Ministry of Internal Affairs Kazakhstan. Controlled Delivery (CD) operations CD operations conducted by MIA CD operations with other countries Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan n/a Kazakhstan-Russian Federation n/a Kazakhstan-Tajikistan n/a Total seized drugs in the country (kg) 1, n/a Heroin (kg) n/a Source: Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Center (CARI, Department for Combatting Drug Trafficking and Drug Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Accounts of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan CSTO-led Kanal regional anti-drug operations on territories of the CSTO Member States (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation and Tajikistan) Dec 1-4 Oct May Sept May Operation name Channel- Channel- Channel- Channel- Channel- Transport Caucasus South trap Valley Patrol Total seized drugs (kg) ,000 12,450 2,607 1,618 (295.3 in Kaz) Heroin (kg) (73.5 in Kaz) ( 5 kg in Kaz) Opium (kg) Marijuana (kg) Hashish (kg) , ,413 0 Synthetic substances (kg) Precursors (kg) , ,390 Source: The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (USD per kg) 1 Jan Jan Jan Nov July 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 5,000-12,000 5,000-12,000 10,000-20,000 18,000-20,000 18,000-20,000 Opium 6,000-8,000 5,000-6,000 3,000-5,000 2,000-10,000 5,000-9,000 Marijuana (herb) Hashish (resin) ,000-1, , ,500 Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, CARICC Note: Comparison of prices from different years should be made with caution as they also reflect changes in exchange rates and are not necessarily indicative of price changes in the local markets. 7 Review of Drug Situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2015, MIA Kazakhstan, and Updated March

6 Retail prices of illicit drugs (USD per gram) 14 1 Jan Jan Jan Nov Jan 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) n/a Opium Marijuana (herb) Hashish (hashish) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, CARICC Note: Comparison of prices from different years should be made with caution as they also reflect changes in exchange rates and are not necessarily indicative of price changes in the local markets. Drug purity/potency (data of the National Laboratory) Heroin (%) (average) (wholesale) 6-13 (street) Marijuana (herb, % of THC) n/a n/a Hashish (resin, %) n/a n/a Amphetamine (%) n/a n/a Source: CADAP, 16 Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ministry of Internal Affairs Note: The purity of heroin and amphetamine is the percentage of pure substance the sample contains. The potency of cannabis products is determined by their content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) expressed as a percentage. Composition of heroin and cocaine Heroin Caffeine, dextromethorphan, phenobarbital, chloroquine, diphenhydramine, metamizole sodium, paracetamol, aspirin, chloramphenicol, etc. Cocaine Levamisole, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate Source: CADAP, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan DRUG-RELATED CRIME Total crime and drug-related offences according to the Criminal Code ( of the Republic of Kazakhstan ,681 (crimes) ,844 (crimes) ,291* (crimes) 2015** (new 2016 (new Total crimes and offences recorded 386,718 (offences) Drug-related crimes and offences 3,886 3,639 3,552 9,549 (offences) recorded 17 (crimes) (crimes) (crimes) 3,513 (crimes) Crime rate (per 100,000) *** ,689 (offences) 8,817 (offences) 3,657 (crimes) Including by type of crime ( ) and by type of offence ( ), according to the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan): 18 Drug smuggling Illicit circulation without intent to sell Illicit manufacture, purchase, storage, transportation, transfer 221 (Art. 250) 228 (Art. 250) 243 (Art. 250) n/a n/a n/a 3,526 (Art. 259) 3,247 (Art. 259) 3,103 (Art. 259) 250 (Art. 286) 6,887 (Art. 296) n/a 260 (Art. 286) 6,011 (Art. 296) n/a 14 The table shows the trends in drug prices for The main source of information is data reported by the government of Kazakhstan to CARICC, which may differ from data in the World Drug Report. 15 These figures provided by national authority of Kazakhstan during discussion of heroin purity at the CARICC/UNODC regional workshop on June 2013 in Almaty, Kazakhstan 16 National Report on the Drug Situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2012, National Scientific and Practical Centre on Medical and Social Problems of Drug Addiction/CADAP, Offences related to illicit trafficking of drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances and precursors 18 A new Criminal Code containing came into force in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1 January Updated March

7 Total crime and drug-related offences according to the Criminal Code ( of the Republic of Kazakhstan or sale Unlawful handling with intent to sell Theft or extortion of drugs Inclination towards drug use Illicit cultivation of plants containing narcotic substances Illicit turnover of toxic substances, substances, tools, or equipment used for production and processing of drugs Organisation and maintenance of brothels for the consumption of drugs Violation of the rules for handling narcotic substances Illegal prescription of drugs Number of cases related drug revenue laundering ,266 (2-4, Art. 259) 0 (Art. 260) 2 (Art. 261) 81 (Art. 262) 8 (Art. 263) 20 (Art. 264) 22 (Art. 265) 6 (p.5, Art. 260) ,155 (2-4, Art. 259) 3 (Art. 260) 1 (Art. 261) 112 (Art. 262) 3 (Art. 263) 18 (Art. 264) 23 (Art. 265) 4 (p.5, Art. 260) ,066 (2-4, Art. 259) 6 (Art. 260) 4 (Art. 261) 154 (Art. 262) 5 (Art. 263) 22 (Art. 264) 14 (Art. 265) 1 (p.5, Art. 260) n/a n/a n/a 2015** (new 2,207 (Art. 297) 7 (Art. 298) 11 (Art. 299) 145 (Art. 300) 0 (Art. 301) 33 (Art. 302) 38 (Art. 303) n/a 1 (Art. 218) 2016 (new 2,213 (Art. 297) 2 (Art. 298) 8 (Art. 299) 204 (Art. 300) 8 (Art. 301) 41 (Art. 302) 48 (Art. 303) n/a 6 (Art. 218) Notes: * - According to information from the Legal Statistics Committee, decrease in total crime in is related to a policy of full registration of statement of crimes being conducted by the Prosecutor General's Office. ** - Figures of 2015 cannot be compared because of changes in the Criminal Code and methods of registration of criminal offences. Since 1 January 2015, criminal offenses are considered from the moment of registration of accidents in the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigation, whereas in the past years the crimes are registered only after initiation of criminal case or refusal to initiate proceedings for non-rehabilitating grounds. *** - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. People arrested and convicted for drug-related offences* People arrested 2,048 2,065 2,109 1,698 1,815 Rate (per 100,000)** Female (%) Convicted people 1,996 1,875 2,027 n/a n/a Rate (per 100,000)** n/a n/a, CARICC Notes: * - Figures of 2015 cannot be compared because of changes in the Criminal Code and methods of registration of criminal offences. Since 1 January 2015, criminal offenses are considered from the moment of registration of accidents in the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigation, whereas in the past years the crimes are registered only after initiation of criminal case or refusal to initiate proceedings for non-rehabilitating grounds. ** - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Foreigners committed drug-related crimes in the country Total foreigners Including: Russian Federation Kyrgyzstan Foreigners and stateless persons Updated March

8 Foreigners committed drug-related crimes in the country Uzbekistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Others Stateless Persons arrested for committing crime being in the state of drug intoxication and registered in Police (based on the completed criminal cases) Persons committed crime, total ,898 (offences) 1,630 (offences) Persons committed drug-related crime ,635 (offences) 1,320 (offences) Female (offences) 39 (offences) Juveniles (offences) 4 (offences) Organized crime Crimes committed by groups (Jan-Jun) Crimes committed by OCG n/a Organised groups liquidated by Ministry of Internal Affairs (Jan-Oct) (Jan-Sep) OCG members sentenced n/a (Jan-Oct) 11/ 10 Total drugs seized from OCG (kg) n/a 175 n/a n/a n/a Heroin (kg) n/a 4 n/a n/a n/a Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, CARICC 20 Including stateless persons 21 Information Bulletin on Drug Related Situation 2015: Central Asian Region. (funded by OSCE), Tashkent, 2015, p.8 22 Crimes committed by Organised Criminal Groups (OCG) and criminal societies 23 Drug Control Committee, Review of Drug Situation in the Republic Kazakhstan in 2012, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Astana, 2013, p Information on the Extended Board Meeting of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kazakhstan, 25 Drug Control Committee, Review of Drug Situation in the Republic Kazakhstan in 2012, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Astana, 2013, p. 7 Updated March

9 DRUG ABUSE Drug abusers recorded in drug treatment centers Number of addicts diagnosed 5,062 5,624 5,142 5,336 n/a for the first time Rate (100,000)* n/a including by gender: Male 4,835 5,213 4,871 5,099 n/a Female n/a including by drug type: Opioids users (%) n/a n/a Cannabinoid users (%) n/a n/a Polydrug users (%) n/a n/a IDUs (%) n/a n/a n/a Total number of drug users 40,858 39,498 34,221 31,049 27,269 Rate (100,000) including by gender: Male 37,744 36,503 31,462 28,738 25,272 Female 3,114 2,995 2,759 2,311 1,997 including by drug type: Opioids users (%) n/a Heroin users (%) Cannabinoid users (%) n/a n/a Polydrug users (%) n/a IDUs (%) n/a n/a n/a Source: Republican Centre for Applied Research on Drug Addiction (RCARDA) of the Ministry of Health, Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Accounts of the General Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Note: *- The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates. Estimated number of injecting drug users Injecting drug users (IDUs) 119, , , , , Source: Monitoring Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan Annual prevalence of drug use as a percentage of the population aged Best estimate Uncertain ty range Year of estimate Cannabis Opioids 1.0 n/a 2006 Opiates 0.89 n/a 2006 Prescription opioids 0.11 n/a 2006 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2016 (latest available data) 26 Polydrug use is the use of two or more substances at the same time or sequentially. 27 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2011, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2012, p Republican Centre for Applied Research on Drug Addiction, 29 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2013, p Global Aids Response Progress Report Kazakhstan 2015, p.6 Updated March

10 Drug treatment Patients treated in drug use inpatient hospitals 6,809 6,456 6,626 7,464 n/a Treated drug users taken-off outpatient and preventive care 31 3,568 4,425 2,904 4,308 3,374 Patients who received anonymous treatment 10,195 7,639 6,149 9,754 8,244 Source: Republican Centre for Applied Research on Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health Kazakhstan Intoxications with psychoactive substances and deaths Total intoxications 1,000 1,059 1,743 1,833 1,241 Deaths caused intoxication Source: Republican Centre for Applied Research on Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported People tested for HIV 33 2,280,582 2,398,537 2,460,363 2,645,432 n/a As per cent of total population n/a New HIV cases 35 2,015 1,993 2,208 2,327 2, Rate (per 100,000)* Female n/a n/a ,148 Injecting drug use (%) Sexual contacts (%) n/a Total HIV cases (local population) 19,748 19,905 22,109 26, , Rate (per 100,000)* Injecting drug use (%) n/a 60.9 n/a n/a n/a People living with HIV 44 (local population) 13,547 14,754 16,156 17,726 n/a Source: Republican AIDS Center of the Ministry of Health, Global AIDS Response Progress Reports Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospects estimates 31 The number of users of psychoactive substances taken from the dispensary and preventive surveillance in connection with the recovery and longterm remission 32 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2014, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2015, p Bayserkin B.S, Kuldjanov M.K. Results of the implementation of HIV prevention measures in accordance with the State program of healthcare development Salamatty Kazakhstan for and prospects for th International Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, March 2016, Moscow 34 Ganina L.Yu. HIV surveillance in Kazakhstan. 5th International Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, March 2016, Moscow 35 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2013, p Republican AIDS Center of the Ministry of Health, 37 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2015, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2016, p Bayserkin B.S, Kuldjanov M.K. Results of the implementation of HIV prevention measures in accordance with the State program of healthcare development Salamatty Kazakhstan for and prospects for th International Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, March 2016, Moscow 39 Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2015, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2016, p Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2015, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2016, p Ganina L.Yu. HIV surveillance in Kazakhstan. 5th International Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, March 2016, Moscow Updated March

11 HIV prevalence within population at most risk (estimated) IDUs (%) Sex workers (%) MSM (%) Inmates (%) Source: Republican AIDS Center of the Ministry of Health, Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting (GARPR) country reports HIV estimates by UNAIDS 2015 Number of people living with HIV 23,000 Adults aged prevalence rate (%) 0.2 Adults 15 and over living with HIV 23,000 AIDS-related deaths in adults and children < 1,000 Source: UNAIDS Reports on the Global AIDS Epidemic DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Apr 1997 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Apr 1997 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of Apr 1997 Ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 31 Jul 2008 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC 31 Jul 2008 United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 18 Jun The increase caused by changes in methodology of Survey Surveillance. 46 Republican AIDS Center, Report on AIDS Service Activity for 2012, Ministry of Health, Almaty, 2012, p.17 (figures ) Updated March