Alcohol and Other Drug Indicators Report Kimberley Health Region

Transcription

1 Alcohol and Other Drug Indicators Report Kimberley Health Region

2 Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority 2015 This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes subject to an acknowledgement of the source and no commercial use or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those above requires written permission of: Drug and Alcohol Office PO Box 126 Mount Lawley WA 6929 Website: The Drug and Alcohol Office (DAO) is the business name of the Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority, which is an independent statutory authority. Its functions are set out in the Alcohol and Drug Authority Act Enquiries: Enquiries regarding this publication should be directed to: Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Manager Drug and Alcohol Office Phone: (08) Suggested citation: Drug and Alcohol Office (2015). Alcohol and Other Drug Indicators Report Kimberley Health Region Key Contributors: Russell Bridle, Allison Christou, Tina Lembo Note: This report contains information analysed from a variety of sources. The report does not interpret or provide contextual information. Although all due care has been exercised in the preparation of this document, no responsibility is accepted for any errors or omissions. Minor revisions are occasionally made to publications after release. The online versions available in the DAO website will always include any revisions. Treatment and Alcohol and Drug Information Service (ADIS) data were extracted from databases held at DAO. Whilst the data is considered to be true and correct at the date of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact upon the accuracy of the data. The databases are active databases and therefore the data may change without notice. Changes may relate to a number of issues, including amendments made to the databases and variations in syntax used to perform the individual queries. DAO is not in any way liable for the accuracy or repeat reliability of any information printed and/or stored by a user. The Western Australia Police (WAPol) data is provisional and subject to revision. At the time of publication the most recent data has been used. Please note that epidemiological data is true and correct at time of publication but may be subject to revision. For further information please refer to the terms and conditions available on the epidemiology homepage ( The Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System (HWSS) data can be considered representative of the population but may not be representative of specific subgroups such as Aboriginal people or people from non- English speaking backgrounds. This may affect estimates for regions where these minority groups are more prominent. Regional data from WAPol approximates the Health Region boundaries, but are not exactly the same. 1

3 Contents 1. Introduction... 3 Purpose... 3 Scope... 3 Format Kimberley Health Region Alcohol Use... 5 Single occasion risky drinking... 5 Lifetime risky drinking... 7 Alcohol consumption Crime... 9 Alcohol-related domestic and non-domestic assaults... 9 Drug offences Health Impacts Alcohol-related hospitalisations Alcohol-related deaths Other drug-related hospitalisations Other drug-related deaths Alcohol-related road crashes Treatment Alcohol and Drug Information Service (ADIS) Alcohol and other drug treatment Appendix A: Kimberley Health Region Statistical Areas Appendix B: Glossary and Notes Appendix C: References

4 1. Introduction Purpose This report summarises Kimberley regional alcohol and other drug-related indicators from a variety of sources. This helps to inform policy development and planning for Western Australian government and non-government agencies and also provides communities with information on local issues. Scope This Kimberley regional report is one of nine regional reports that cover each of the Health Regions in Western Australia. Data has been assembled from the following sources: Hospitalisation and death data, Department of Health, Western Australia Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System (HWSS), Department of Health, Western Australia Main Roads, Western Australia Western Australia Police National Alcohol Sales Data Project. Data are provided by Health Region and where these boundaries are not available (e.g. WAPol data), the closest approximations are used. Other available sources of data on drug use and prevalence have not been included if they are not available by Health Region or if low sample sizes by Health Region prevent meaningful estimates being calculated (e.g. National Drug Strategy Household Survey data or the Australian School Student Alcohol and Drug survey). Format The body of this report provides a snapshot of key differences between the Health Region and the state. The local context and regional characteristics (such as sample size) should be taken into account when analysing these findings. Please note that some figures have been rounded to one decimal place and as such totals may not exactly equal 100%. 3

5 2. Kimberley Health Region Information in this report is provided for the Kimberley Health Region which is displayed in Figure 1. Only Drug and Alcohol Office funded treatment agencies are represented in the treatment episodes data. A list of Statistical Areas associated with the Kimberley health region can be seen in Appendix A. The Kimberley Health Region covers an area of 419,558 square kilometres. In 2012, its total population was 37,957 which represents 1.6% of the State's population. The population density of the area is 0.09 people per sq km which is lower than the State average (1.0 per sq km; Country: 0.24 per sq km). The age-structure differs from that of the State by having a larger percentage of children aged 0-14 years and adults aged years, and lower proportion of people aged 65 years and over. Aboriginal people account for 45.4% of the area's population which is greater than the State average (3.7%) based on 2010 Estimated Resident Populations (Department of Health WA, HealthTracks reporting 2014). Figure 1: The Kimberley Health Region (greyed area) and associated police districts 4

6 3. Alcohol Use Single occasion risky drinking Table 1: Proportion of individuals aged 16 years and over drinking at risk of single occasion alcohol-related harm in the Kimberley Health Region Doesn t drink Low risk Risky % 95% CL % 95% CL % 95% CL ( ) 56.6 ( ) 24.0 ( ) ( ) 62.0 ( ) 20.0 ( ) ( ) 55.8 ( ) 23.0 ( ) ( ) 52.6 ( ) 27.6 ( ) ( ) 57.9 ( ) 26.6 ( ) ( ) 56.2 ( ) 22.8 ( ) ( ) 47.7 ( ) 20.9 ( ) ( ) 40.1 ( ) 25.0 ( ) Avg ( ) 55.9 ( ) 23.0 ( ) Source: WA Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System (2014), Epidemiology, DOH. Note: Individuals aged 16 and 17 were classified according to adult NHMRC guidelines for risking drinking. The data is weighted to compensate for oversampling in the remote and rural areas of WA and then adjusted to the age and sex distribution of the WA population using the 2011 Estimated Resident Population. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. How is Risky Drinking Calculated? The WA Health & Wellbeing Surveillance System (HWSS) is a continuous data collection developed to monitor a number of health and wellbeing indicators. Each year, over 6,000 people throughout WA are interviewed. This survey asks respondents in a typical week how often they usually drink alcohol and on a day when they drink alcohol how many standard drinks they usually have. Another survey that measures alcohol use is the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS); however this survey is only conducted every three years and is not analysed by region. Note that different questionnaires assess consumption differently and produce different estimates. Alcohol risk is categorised into risk levels based on the 2009 National Health and Medical Research Council Australian Alcohol Guidelines. Single occasion harm = drinking four or less standard drinks on any one day is considered low risk and drinking more than four standard drinks on any one day is considered risky. Lifetime harm = drinking two or less standard drinks on any one day is considered low risk and drinking more than two standard drinks on any one day is considered risky. 5

7 Table 2: Proportion of individuals aged 16 years and over drinking at risk of single occasion alcohol-related harm in WA Doesn t drink Low risk Risky % 95% CL % 95% CL % 95% CL ( ) 63.2 ( ) 13.2 ( ) ( ) 64.2 ( ) 14.5 ( ) ( ) 60.2 ( ) 16.0 ( ) ( ) 60.4 ( ) 14.3 ( ) ( ) 60.4 ( ) 14.8 ( ) ( ) 59.9 ( ) 14.9 ( ) ( ) 53.1 ( ) 10.8 ( ) ( ) 52.6 ( ) 12.3 ( ) Avg ( ) 59.5 ( ) 14.2 ( ) Source: WA Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System (2014), Epidemiology, DOH. Note: Individuals aged 16 and 17 were classified according to adult NHMRC guidelines for risking drinking. The data is weighted to compensate for oversampling in the remote and rural areas of WA and then adjusted to the age and sex distribution of the WA population using the 2011 Estimated Resident Population. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. 6

8 Lifetime risky drinking Table 3: Proportion of individuals aged 16 years and over drinking at risk of lifetime alcohol-related harm in the Kimberley Health Region Doesn t drink Low risk Risky % 95% CL % 95% CL % 95% CL ( ) 22.8 ( ) 57.8 ( ) ( ) 39.5 ( ) 42.5 ( ) ( ) 29.1 ( ) 49.8 ( ) ( ) 29.8 ( ) 50.4 ( ) ( ) 27.1 ( ) 57.4 ( ) ( ) 34.3 ( ) 44.8 ( ) ( ) 28.6 ( ) 40.0 ( ) ( ) 19.4 ( ) 45.7 ( ) Avg ( ) 30.8 ( ) 48.0 ( ) Source: WA Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System (2014), Epidemiology, DOH. Note: Individuals aged 16 and 17 were classified according to adult NHMRC guidelines for risking drinking. The data is weighted to compensate for oversampling in the remote and rural areas of WA and then adjusted to the age and sex distribution of the WA population using the 2011 Estimated Resident Population. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. Table 4: Proportion of individuals aged 16 years and over drinking at risk of lifetime alcohol-related harm in WA Doesn t drink Low risk Risky % 95% CL % 95% CL % 95% CL ( ) 43.0 ( ) 33.4 ( ) ( ) 43.8 ( ) 34.8 ( ) ( ) 40.2 ( ) 36.0 ( ) ( ) 39.5 ( ) 35.2 ( ) ( ) 38.6 ( ) 36.7 ( ) ( ) 38.4 ( ) 36.4 ( ) ( ) 35.3 ( ) 28.6 ( ) ( ) 34.5 ( ) 30.3 ( ) Avg ( ) 39.2 ( ) 34.4 ( ) Source: WA Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System (2014), Epidemiology, DOH. Note: Individuals aged 16 and 17 were classified according to adult NHMRC guidelines for risking drinking. The data is weighted to compensate for oversampling in the remote and rural areas of WA and then adjusted to the age and sex distribution of the WA population using the 2011 Estimated Resident Population. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. 7

9 Alcohol consumption Table 5: Estimated per capita pure alcohol consumption for the Kimberley Health Region and WA PCC pure alcohol (litres) Kimberley Health Region WA 2005/ / / / / Source: National Alcohol Sales Data Project (2012). Note: The data from statistical subdivisions (SSD) has been aggregated to approximate Health Regions and these figures may be revised as ABS population estimates are revised. Per capita consumption is calculated using the Estimated Service Population. How is consumption estimated? Per capita consumption (pcc) refers to litres of absolute (pure) alcohol consumed, divided by the total population aged 15 years and over. To calculate pcc estimates, wholesale alcohol sales data is used to derive litres of absolute alcohol which is then divided by the Estimated Service Population (ESP). Wholesale sales data refers to information derived from wholesalers regarding volumes of alcohol purchased from them by individual licensed retailers. The ESP uses an Australian Bureau of Statistics measure of Australian population called the Estimated Residential Population (ERP)*. However, a key difference is that the ESP accounts for absent residents, Australian visitors and international tourists. * The ERP is based on Census data and adjusted for population change since the most recent Census year, net overseas migration and estimated interstate movements. 8

10 4. Crime Alcohol-related domestic and non-domestic assaults Table 6: Verified Domestic Assault Offences Kimberley Health Region WA Alcohol-related % Alcoholrelated Y N related Alcohol-related % Alcohol- Total Total Y N ,653 4,010 8, ,534 4,354 8, ,899 5,236 10, , ,436 6,832 12, , , ,782 8,023 14, Total 4,237 1,167 5, ,304 28,455 54, Source: WA Police. Note: Statistics are provisional and subject to revision. Data extracted from WAPol s IMS on 06/10/2014. Statistics are based on location and date the offence was alleged to have occurred. Offences without a valid district or region have been excluded. n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. Table 7: Verified Non-Domestic Assault Offences Kimberley Health Region WA Alcohol-related % Alcoholrelated Y N related Alcohol-related % Alcohol- Total Total Y N ,838 8,729 14, ,254 7,953 13, ,666 7,937 12, ,336 7,726 12, ,152 7,448 11, Total 1,650 1,094 2, ,246 39,793 64, Source: WA Police. Note: Statistics are provisional and subject to revision. Data extracted from WAPol s IMS on 06/10/2014. Statistics are based on location and date the offence was alleged to have occurred. Offences without a valid district or region have been excluded. n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. What does alcohol-related mean? An assault may be flagged as alcohol-related in the Incident Management System if the attending officer believed that alcohol was related in any way to the assault. This includes but is not limited to, the offender or victim s level(s) of intoxication at the time of the incident and may include circumstances such as identifying open or used alcohol receptacles, smelling alcohol at the scene, observing an individual affected by alcohol or receiving alcoholrelated information from victims, offenders or a third party, such as witnesses. The absence of any of these circumstances does not necessarily preclude that alcohol was a contributing factor to the assault. 9

11 Drug offences Table 8: Number of drug offences in the Kimberley Health Region and WA Number Kimberley WA , , , , ,025 Source: WA Police. Note: Statistics are provisional and subject to revision. Data extracted from WAPol s IMS on 06/10/2014. Statistics are based on location and date the offence was alleged to have occurred. Offences without a valid district or region have been excluded. n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. Table 9: Rate of drug offences in the Kimberley Health Region and WA Rate Kimberley WA , , , , Source: WA Police. Note: Rate is a crude rate per 100,000 persons based on population estimates sourced from the WA Epidemiology Branch (2014). Statistics are provisional and subject to revision. Data extracted from WAPol s IMS on 06/10/2014. Statistics are based on location and date the offence was alleged to have occurred though rate uses resident population. Offences without a valid district or region have been excluded. n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. 10

12 5. Health Impacts Alcohol-related hospitalisations Table 10: Estimated number and rate of alcohol-related hospitalisations for Kimberley Health Region and WA residents by year Kimberley Health Region WA Number ASR ASR CI Number ASR ASR CI , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: Hospitalisations exclude emergency department admissions, non-wa residents and those with no fixed address. N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. Table 11: Estimated total number and rate of alcohol-related hospitalisations for Kimberley Health Region residents by condition (2008 to 2012) Number SRR SRR CI ASR ASR CI Alcoholic liver cirrhosis Alcoholism Cancers Stroke Other diseases Road injuries Falls Suicide Assaults 1, Other injuries All alcohol conditions 3, , , ,259.4 Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: Hospitalisations exclude emergency department admissions, non-wa residents and those with no fixed address. N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. How do we know alcohol or drugs have contributed to a hospitalisation or death? It is common for hospitalisations and deaths to result from more than one cause. In order to determine what proportion of hospitalisations and deaths are due to the effects of alcohol and/or other drugs, estimates are used. These estimates are based on research into what extent a particular hospitalisation or death might be caused by the effects of alcohol and/or other drugs, by taking into account the type of injury or illness, age, sex, Aboriginality and area of residence of the person involved. The estimation method (aetiological fractions) used for alcohol in this report was developed by Xiao and colleagues (2008), and the estimation method for other drugs was developed by Ridolfo and Stevenson (2001). Please note that the data are based on the place of residence of the individual. The data also excludes non-wa residents, those with no fixed address and emergency department presentations. 11

13 Alcohol-related deaths Table 12: Estimated number and rate of alcohol-related deaths for Kimberley Health Region and WA residents by year Kimberley Health Region WA Number ASR ASR CI Number ASR ASR CI N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. Table 13: Estimated total number and rate of alcohol-related deaths for Kimberley Health Region residents by condition (2007 to 2011) Number SRR SRR CI ASR ASR CI Alcoholic liver cirrhosis N/A N/A Alcoholism N/A N/A Cancers N/A N/A Stroke N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Other diseases N/A N/A Road injuries N/A N/A Falls N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Suicide N/A N/A Assaults N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Other injuries N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A All alcohol conditions Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. 12

14 Other drug-related hospitalisations Table 14: Estimated number and rate of other drug-related hospitalisations for Kimberley Health Region and WA residents by year Kimberley Health Region WA Number ASR ASR CI Number ASR ASR CI , , , , , Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: Hospitalisations exclude emergency department admissions, non-wa residents and those with no fixed address. N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. Table 15: Estimated total number and rate of other drug-related hospitalisations for Kimberley Health Region residents by condition (2008 to 2012) Number SRR SRR CI ASR ASR CI Opioids N/A N/A Sedatives & Barbiturates N/A N/A Benzodiazepines N/A N/A Anti-depressants Psychostimulants & Cocaine N/A N/A Hallucinogens N/A N/A Volatile substances N/A N/A Analgesics / Antipyretics / Antirheumatics Combination / Unspecified drugs Cannabis Other adverse effects of drugs All other drugs Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: Hospitalisations exclude emergency department admissions, non-wa residents and those with no fixed address. N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. 13

15 Other drug-related deaths Table 16: Estimated number and rate of other drug-related deaths for Kimberley Health Region and WA residents by year Kimberley Health Region WA Number ASR ASR CI Number ASR ASR CI 2007 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. Table 17: Estimated total number and rate of other drug-related deaths for Kimberley Health Region residents by condition (2007 to 2011) Number SRR SRR CI ASR ASR CI Opioids N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Sedatives & Barbiturates N/A N/A Benzodiazepines N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Anti-depressants N/A N/A Psychostimulants & Cocaine N/A N/A Hallucinogens N/A N/A Volatile substances N/A N/A Analgesics / Antipyretics / Antirheumatics Combination / Unspecified drugs N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Cannabis N/A N/A Other adverse effects of drugs N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A All other drugs N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Source: Department of Health WA (2014). Health Tracks Reporting. Note: N/A indicates that the cell content has been suppressed due to privacy policies, or to withhold an unreliable rate derived from a low count. 14

16 Alcohol-related road crashes Table 18: BAC levels among drivers/riders involved in police attended fatal and hospitalisation required crashes, Kimberley Health Region and WA Kimberley Health Region WA < 0.05 >= 0.05 Unknown or Unknown or < 0.05 >= 0.05 no reading no reading n.p n.p 1, , , , , , n.p n.p 1, , ,294 1,703 6,475 Source: Main Roads WA (2014). Drug and Alcohol Office analysis. Note: Only alcohol values for fatalities received from Chemistry Centre are audited, therefore any BAC greater than 0.3 was treated as unknown as it was not verified. Note: n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. Table 19: BAC levels among drivers/riders involved in police attended fatal and hospitalisation required crashes, Kimberley Health Region and WA (proportion) Kimberley Health Region WA % < 0.05 % >= 0.05 % Unknown or no reading % < 0.05 % >= 0.05 % Unknown or no reading n.p n.p n.p n.p Source: Main Roads WA (2014). Drug and Alcohol Office analysis. Note: Only alcohol values for fatalities received from Chemistry Centre are audited, therefore any BAC greater than 0.3 was treated as unknown as it was not verified. Note: n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. Please note that the total average must be calculated using raw data, not the percentages in the table above. This is due to differences in sample sizes across years. A note on interpreting police attended road crashes. Data is restricted to drivers/riders only and includes vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, mopeds, trucks and tractors but excludes pedestrians, cyclists and skateboarders, for example. Main Roads WA crash data is reported only for police attended crashes that were fatal or required hospitalisation/s. A valid postcode of where the accident occurred must have been recorded. Where a BAC reading was not available it was recorded as unknown. This may have been because no reading was taken, the data was incomplete or a zero reading was recorded. In 2009 an online crash reporting system was introduced, meaning that individuals can submit details about their accident online (and police do not have to complete a form). 15

17 6. Treatment Alcohol and Drug Information Service (ADIS) Table 20: Number of calls to ADIS for residents in the Kimberley Health Region and WA by primary drug of concern Alcohol Meth / Other Other Cannabinoids Heroin Amphetamine opioids drugs All drugs Kimb 9 n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p 13 WA 3, ,394 Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p 7 WA 3,451 1, ,596 Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA 3,533 1,728 1, ,957 Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p 8 WA 3,734 2,286 2, ,099 Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA 3,399 1,934 3, ,552 Source: Data was extracted from the ADIS database on 29/08/2014. Note: Only incoming calls with a designated primary drug of concern have been included. Due to changes to the ADIS database, data is available from October 2008 onwards only. WA figures exclude those with an unknown Health Region as well as interstate and overseas individuals. Note: n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. Table 21: Rate of calls to ADIS for residents in the Kimberley Health Region and WA by primary drug of concern Alcohol Meth / Other Other Cannabinoids Heroin Amphetamine opioids drugs All drugs Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA Kimb n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p n.p WA Source: Data was extracted from the ADIS database on 29/08/2014. Note: Rate is a crude rate per 100,000 persons based on population estimates sourced from the WA Epidemiology Branch (2014). Only incoming calls with a designated primary drug of concern have been included. Due to changes to the ADIS database, data is available from October 2008 onwards only. WA figures exclude those with an unknown Health Region as well as interstate and overseas individuals. Note: n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. What is ADIS? ADIS (part of the WA Drug and Alcohol Office) is a 24-hour; state-wide, confidential telephone service that provides information, advice, counselling and referral. This service incorporates the Parent Drug Information Service (PDIS) and Quitline tobacco counselling, in addition to undertaking projects assisting particular client groups (e.g. supporting responses to prevention campaigns and pharmacotherapy clients). The ADIS helpline can be reached on (08) or country toll-free on This data is based on the postcode of the caller. 16

18 Alcohol and other drug treatment Table 22: Number of treatment episodes for residents in the Kimberley Health Region and WA by primary drug of concern Alcohol Meth / Other Other Cannabinoids Heroin Amphetamine opioids drugs All drugs Kimb n.p 20 n.p 435 WA 7,101 4,609 3,056 1,966 1, ,223 Kimb n.p 18 n.p 286 WA 7,521 4,788 2,727 1,909 1, ,552 Kimb n.p 14 n.p 402 WA 7,909 4,182 2,615 1,955 1, ,182 Kimb n.p 18 n.p 465 WA 8,482 2,847 2,999 2,079 1, ,671 Kimb n.p 16 n.p 504 WA 8,633 2,466 3,291 1,747 1, ,349 Kimb n.p 15 n.p 474 WA 8,270 2,929 3,442 1,720 1, ,707 Kimb n.p 5 n.p 618 WA 8,158 3,899 4,340 1,912 1, ,742 Kimb n.p 10 n.p 783 WA 8,131 4,598 4,949 1,843 1, ,978 Source: Data was extracted from de-identified treatment agency databases on 20/10/2014. Note: Open and opened treatment episodes for own plus own and others client type. Excludes cases where the primary drug of concern was none, tobacco, or not stated. WA data excludes treatment episodes where the Health Region as null or N/A. Note: n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. How is treatment data collated? Alcohol and other drug treatment services in WA are provided by non-government agencies, integrated services, and Next Step Drug and Alcohol Services using national standards for data collection. Data is aggregated based on the residential address of the individual seeking treatment. 17

19 Table 23: Rate of treatment episodes for residents in the Kimberley Health Region and WA by primary drug of concern Alcohol Meth / Other Other Cannabinoids Heroin Amphetamine opioids drugs All drugs Kimb n.p n.p 1, WA Kimb n.p n.p WA Kimb n.p n.p 1, WA Kimb 1, n.p n.p 1, WA Kimb 1, n.p n.p 1, WA Kimb n.p n.p 1, WA Kimb 1, n.p n.p 1, WA Kimb 1, n.p n.p 1, WA Source: Data was extracted from de-identified treatment agency databases on 20/10/2014. Note: Rate is a crude rate per 100,000 persons based on population estimates sourced from the WA Epidemiology Branch (2014). Open and opened treatment episodes for own plus own and others client type. Excludes cases where the primary drug of concern was none, tobacco, or not stated. WA data excludes treatment episodes where the Health Region as null or N/A. Note: n.p. indicates that data is not publishable due to low count, which could compromise anonymity. Cells with a sample less than 20 are italicised and should be interpreted with caution. 18

20 Appendix A: Kimberley Health Region Statistical Areas Below is a list of Statistical Areas contained within the Kimberley Health Region. Broome Derby - West Kimberley Halls Creek Kununurra Roebuck 19

21 Appendix B: Glossary and Notes Aetiological fraction = The proportion of cases of a condition that would not have occurred if exposure to a risk factor for that condition was reduced to the theoretical minimum in the population. In this report it is the proportion of hospitalisations or deaths that would have been prevented if the consumption of alcohol was reduced to a theoretical minimum of abstinence. ASR = Age Standardised Rate; ASRs are standardised with the Australian 2001 population and expressed per 100,000 person years. It is used to adjust for age distributions for different years or different populations so the rates among different years or populations can be directly compared. ASR CI = Lower and upper limits of 95% confidence interval for ASR. Statistically we are 95% confident that the true rate falls between the upper and the lower confidence interval values. Two rates are considered significantly different (at the 0.05 level) if their confidence intervals do not overlap. Otherwise, if their confidence intervals overlap, the two rates are not significantly different. When N (number of cases) is less than 20, ASR and its CI are not presented as they are not reliable. Hospitalisations = Hospitalisations exclude emergency department admissions, non-wa residents and those with no fixed address. Also see aetiological fraction. Lifetime risky drinking = drinking two or less standard drinks on any one day is considered low risk and drinking more than two standard drinks on any one day is considered risky. Single occasion risky drinking = drinking four or less standard drinks on any one day is considered low risk and drinking more than four standard drinks on any one day is considered risky. SRR = Standardised rate ratio between a particular health region (or district) and the state. Indirect method used. A ratio of 1 means that the regional rate is the same as the state, and a value of 2 indicates the regional rate is twice that of the state. SRR CI = Lower and upper limits of 95% confidence interval for SSR. Statistically we are 95% confident that the true rate falls between the upper confidence interval (UCI) and the lower confidence interval (LCI) values. There are three possibilities: (1) the regional rate is statistically significantly higher than the state rate if the LCI is greater than 1; (2) the regional rate is statistically not different from the state rate if 1 is within the range of the LCI and the UCI; (3) the regional rate is statistically significantly lower than the state rate if the UCI is less than 1. When N (number of cases) is less than 5, SSR and its CI are not presented as they are not reliable. 20

22 Appendix C: References Department of Health Western Australia (2014). HealthTracks Reporting. Epidemiology Branch, Public Health and Clinical Services Division, Department of Health WA in collaboration with the CRC for Spatial Information. Report generated 29/08/2014. Epidemiology Branch, 2014, Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption by Health Region, Adults 16 years and over, , HWSS, WA Department of Health: Perth. Loxley, W., Catalano, P., Gilmore, W., & Chikritzhs, T. (2012). National Alcohol Sales Data Project Stage 3, Final Report. Drug and Alcohol Office WA, National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University. Main Roads Western Australia (2014). Data collected as part of the Crash Analysis Reporting System (CARS). Ridolfo B., Stevenson, C. (2001). The quantification of drug-caused mortality and morbidity in Australia, AIHW cat. no. PHE 29. Canberra: AIHW (Drug Statistics Series no. 7). Western Australia Police (2014). Strategy and Performance Directorate, Business Information & Statistics Unit. Xiao, J., Rowe, T., Somerford, P., Draper, G., Martin, J. (2008). Impact of Alcohol on the Population of Western Australia. Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health WA. 21

23 22

24 23