FACT SHEET TAJIKISTAN (REPUBLIC OF)

Transcription

1 FACT SHEET TAJIKISTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 142,600 sq. km. Source: Tajikistan in Figures 2014, Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2014 Borders: Afghanistan - 1,344 km China km Kyrgyzstan km, Uzbekistan - 1,333 km Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan 1 Population (thousands) 2011 Total 7,754 7,931 8,112 8,296 8,482 8, aged 4,760 4,886 5,015 5,145 5,272 5,370 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Trends in drug seizures Opioids: Heroin (kg) Opium (kg) , Illicit morphine(kg) n/a - Pharmaceutical opioids: Methadone grams 14 grams n/a - Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb, kg) 2, , , Hashish (resin, kg) 2, , , , , Cannabis plants (pieces) 2,180,121 2,030,796 1,339,574 1,546,776 2,445,469 ATS: Methamphetamine (kg) Amphetamine (tablet) Ecstasy-type substances: MDMA (tablet) 21, ,590 11, ,165 Cocaine-type: Cocaine (grams) Sedatives and Tranquillizers: Barbiturates: n/a Phenobarbital (tablet) ,025 n/a n/a DCA defined these tablets as ecstasy-type substances in the ARQ Drug Situation in Tajikistan 2015, Report, Drug Control Agency, Dushanbe, 2016 Updated March

2 Trends in drug seizures Benzodiazepines: Diazepam (tablet) 9,027 tabs, 10 ampules 52 - n/a n/a Phenazepam (tablet) n/a n/a Non-specified (tablet) n/a n/a Substances not under international control: Piperazines: MCPP 4 (tablet) - 2,031 - n/a n/a Non-specified drug group: Hydrargyrum (grams) n/a n/a Pharmaceuticals (tablet) n/a n/a Trends in precursor seizures Acetic anhydride (kg) Sulphuric acid (kg) ,390 lt Hydrochloric acid (kg) n/a Share of law enforcement agencies in drug seizures (as per cent of total drug seizures) Drug Control Agency (DCA) Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) Custom Service (CS) State Committee for National Security (SCNS, including the Border Guards) Others Total (DCA, MIA, CS, SCNS, others) International and Controlled Delivery operations Total international operations n/a 11 including Canal operations (CSTO) Drug-related criminal cases 13 8 n/a 1 n/a n/a Drug seized by LEAs of Tajikistan n/a 666 n/a n/a Tajikistan DCA-Afghanistan LEAs (Jan-Jun) Drugs seized in Afghanistan (kg) 3, , Heroin (kg) Opium (kg) 2, , Cannabis (kg) Heroin labs dismantled in 7 4 n/a 1 n/a Afghanistan Detained drug smugglers 37 8 n/a 19 n/a 4 meta-chlorophenylpiperazine 5 Digoxin 6 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2015, p.36 7 Drug Control Agency, The Registration of Drug Offences, Drug Seizures and Others in the first half-year 2013, 8 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in Tajikistan, January-September 2013, 9 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2012, 2013, p.66. Updated March

3 International and Controlled Delivery operations Controlled delivery operations n/a including: Tajikistan Afghanistan n/a n/a n/a (Jan-Jun) Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a Heroin n/a n/a n/a 1.0 n/a Opium n/a n/a n/a 51.0 n/a Hashish n/a n/a n/a ,570 Tajikistan Russian Federation (RF) Seized drugs in the country (kg) (in RF) 18.4 Heroin n/a Cannabis group n/a Tajikistan - Kazakhstan Seized drugs in the country (kg) Cannabis group Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan n/a Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a Heroin n/a Cannabis group n/a Detained drug smugglers n/a 1 n/a 3 n/a Tajikistan - China n/a n/a Seized drugs (kg) n/a n/a Heroin n/a n/a Opium n/a n/a Cannabis group n/a n/a Detained drug smugglers n/a n/a Source: Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Center (CARICC), Drug Control Agency and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Tajikistan National operations Kuknor (Black Poppy) Total crimes recorded n/a With intent to sell n/a Smuggling n/a 28 n/a Illicit cultivation n/a Brothel maintenance n/a n/a n/a 3 6 Total drugs seized (kg) 3, , , , ,997.4 Heroin Opium Cannabis-type drugs 2,615 2, , , ,568.3 Hashish n/a n/a n/a 1, ,321.0 Marijuana n/a n/a n/a Wild growing drug plants Cases of wild growing Area (ha) Destroyed cannabis plants (units) 1,372,811 2,476,431 1,110,971 1,844,410 1,647, The joint operation of the DCA Tajikistan and Ministry of Internal Affairs Afghanistan 11 The operation was conducted by DCA Tajikistan and all law enforcement agencies of Afghanistan 12 The operation was conducted with the State Drug Control Service of Kyrgyzstan 13 Between DCA of Tajikistan and Ministry of Public Security of China 14 The operation was conducted from 27 October until 21 November The drugs were seized in both countries. Source: 15 Nigeria nationals Updated March

4 Heroin seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, Opium seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, Updated March

5 Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, Source (for all maps): DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (USD per kg) July2016 Heroin (unknown purity) 3,800-6,000 3,800-6,000 3,800-6,000 4,000-6,000 4,000-6,800 Opium 400-1, Cannabis (herb) Hashish (resin) , UNODC Annual Report Questionnaires Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Data on retail prices are not available for Heroin purity identified by the Drug Control Agency Tajikistan (per cent of diacetylmorphine content) Range 0.3%-65% 0.4%-79% 8%-45% 3%-44% 7%-60% Retail-level n/a n/a 8%-29% 3%-44% 7%-20% Wholesale-level n/a n/a 14%-45% 34%-40% 25%-60% Source: Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan, annual reports for of the Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Updated March

6 DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Total number of offences Rate (per 100,000)* including be type of offence (in % to the total number of offences, according to the Criminal Code Tajikistan): With intent to sell (Art. 200) % 50.7% 56.1% 56.3% 59.5% Without intent to sell (Art. 201) % 27.2% 27.0% 27.5% 21.1% Smuggling (Art. 289) % 17.0% 14.2% 13.4% 15.2% Illicit cultivation (Art. 204) % 3.4% 2.0% 0.8% 0.9% Others (Art. 202, 205, 206) % 1.6% 0.7% 2.1% 3.3%, CARICC Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Suspects arrested ,001 1,004 1,119 Rate (per 100,000)* Male 956 (97%) 957 (97%) 971 (97%) 974 (97%) 97% Female 33 (3%) 31 (3%) 30 (3%) 30 (3%) 3% Offenders convicted 22 1,054 1,049 1,039 1, Rate (per 100,000)* Female (%) , CARICC Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Foreigners arrested for committing drug-related crime and drugs seized from them Foreign citizens CIS citizens Afghanistan Iran China Total drugs seized from foreigners (kg) Heroin (kg) Opium (kg) Cannabis (kg) (est.) Methamphetamine n/a, CARICC (2012) 16 After investigation 17 Illicit trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances with intent to sell (Article 200 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan) 18 Unlawful handling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (Article 201 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan) 19 Article 289 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan 20 Illegal cultivating of plants containing narcotic substances (Article 204 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan) 21 Theft of drugs and precursors (Article 202 of the CC), Organization or keeping of dens for drug narcotics, psychotropic substances or precursors (Article 205 of the CC), and Illegal trafficking of strong or poisonous substances with the purpose of selling (Article 206 of the CC) National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), the report was prepared in the framework of the CADAP project, 2012, p Drugs of cannabis group (marijuana and hashish) Updated March

7 CIS citizens arrested for committing drug-related crime and drugs seized from them Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Uzbekistan Ukraine Total drugs seized (kg) n/a Heroin (kg) n/a Opium (kg) n/a Cannabis (kg) n/a Convicts diagnosed with drug addiction Total Organized crime Crimes committed by groups n/a Crimes committed by OG 11 9 n/a 5 4 Source: CARICC ( ), Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan ( ) DRUG ABUSE Drug users registered in dispensaries Total number of registered drug users 7,231 7,176 7,279 7,313 7,067 Rate (100,000)* Including by gender: Male (%) Female (%) Including by drug type: Opioid users (%) Heroin users (%) Cannabinoid users (%) Polydrug users (%) MDMA users (%) Including: Injecting drug users (%) Drug users registered for the first time Rate (100,000)* Source: Republican Narcology Center of the Ministry of Health and Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Updated March

8 Opiate users (estimated) Total number (aged 15 to 64) 23,000 n/a n/a Injecting drug users (IDUs) 17,000 25, , Mean age 30.8 n/a n/a Lifetime use of heroin (%) 91 n/a n/a Lifetime use of opium (%) 19 n/a n/a Source: UNODC (2006), Republican AIDS Center (2009, 2014) Drug treatment and drug overdoses registered in treatment centers Treated drug abusers 902 1, Heroin users n/a Opium users n/a n/a Hashish users n/a n/a Polydrug users n/a 112 (est.) 68 (est.) 84 n/a Treated for the first time (%) 75.9 n/a n/a n/a n/a Drug overdoses n/a n/a Source: National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health 26, Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged UNODC best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis No recent, reliable estimate Opiates 0.54 n/a 2006 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2016 (UNODC GAP Survey, latest available estimates) Drug-related deaths related to drug use Number of deaths Heroin 39 n/a 45 n/a n/a Source: National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health (2011) 28, Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan ( ) 29 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Tested for HIV , , , ,426 n/a New HIV cases ,008 1, (1 July) Rate (per 100,000)* (1 July) Including by gender: Male 539 (65%) 530 (60.5%) 578 (57%) 693 (60%) n/a 24 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2010 Tajikistan 25 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2015 Tajikistan National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, p. 25 (CADAP) 27 Drug Situation in Tajikistan, Drug Control Agency report for 2014, p National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, p. 33 (CADAP) 29 Drug Situation in Tajikistan, Drug Control Agency reports for Global Aids Response Progress Reports 2015 and 2016 submitted Tajikistan Updated March

9 HIV/AIDS reported Female 289 (35%) 346 (39.5%) 430 (43%) 458 (40%) n/a Including by mode of transmission: Sexual contacts (%) (1 July) Injecting drug use (%) (1 July) Mother-to-child (%) (1 July) Unknown (%) (1 July) Total HIV cases 4,674 5,550 6,558 7,640 8,583 Rate (per 100,000)* IDUs (%) (est.) People living with HIV, registered 3,768 4,581 5,242 6,117 6,700 (est.) Rate (per 100,000)* (est.) Including by gender: Male 2,716 (72%) 3,198 (70%) 3,505 (67%) 3,974 (65%) n/a Female 1,052 (28%) 1,383 (30%) 1,737 (33%) 2,143 (35%) n/a Source: Republican AIDS CenterTajikistan, Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. HIV prevalence among most at risk groups (estimated) Injecting drug users (%) n/a Sex workers (%) n/a MSM (%) n/a n/a Pregnant (%) <5 <5 < 5 n/a n/a Inmates (%) n/a Source: Republican AIDS Center Tajikistan HIV estimates by UNAIDS Number of people living with HIV 11,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 16,000 Adults aged prevalence rate (%) Adults aged 15 and over living with HIV 10,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 16,000 Deaths due to AIDS- < 500 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, 31 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2016 Tajikistan, p.8 32 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2016 Tajikistan, p.8 33 Khaydarova T. Treatment of HIV infected women in the Republic of Tajikistan. 5th Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, March 2016, Moscow 34 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2016 Tajikistan, p.8 35 Khaydarova T. Treatment of HIV infected women in the Republic of Tajikistan. 5th Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, March 2016, Moscow (data for ) Updated March

10 DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Mar 1997 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of Mar 1997 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of May 1996 Signature and ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 8 Jul 2002 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 8 Jul 2002 Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 8 Jul 2002 c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 25 Sep 2006 Updated March