Center for the Study and Prevention of Substance Abuse Nova Southeastern University

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1 James N. Hall, Director Center for the Study and Prevention of Substance Abuse Nova Southeastern University United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Miramar Police FL Dept. of Children & Families Circuit 17 Nova Southeastern University Memorial Health Care System

2 Alcohol Use and Abuse in Broward County, Florida James N. Hall 1 ABSTRACT Alcohol is the most used and abused drug nationally and locally with more than half of Broward County residents aged 12 and above reporting its use in the past month. Consequences of alcohol use remain stable at high rates. More than 44,5 Broward County residents are considered to be alcohol dependent with nearly 1, in need of, but not receiving, treatment for its abuse or addiction. Middle-aged, White males are most frequently reported in alcohol-related consequences. The number of driving-under-the-influence arrests in Broward County has remained stable since 25, while arrests for liquor law violations declined sharply between 23 and 26 but increased in 27 and 28. This report summarizes findings from a review of 3,511 Broward County alcohol-related records including 11,711 responses from 3 surveys, 3,873 hospital emergency department reports, 4,8 alcohol addiction treatment admissions, 6,127 DUI arrests, 4,151 liquor law violations, and 569 alcohol-related deaths in calendar year 27 and the first half of 28. Report Highlights The rates of current alcohol use and binge drinking among Broward s underage population aged 12 to 2 years are slightly below the rates for the nation and the State of Florida. The percent of Broward middle school students reporting alcohol use has declined steadily since 24. Two independent surveys reveal modest increases in current alcohol use among Broward County high school students in 27 and 28. Broward high school students report one of the nation s highest rates of students saying, they usually buy alcohol at a retail store among those who are current alcohol users The percent of Broward County students reporting having their first drink of alcohol before age 13 has declined modestly in recent years. Alcohol-related suicide attempts were identified in 341 hospital emergency department reports and among 1 deaths in Broward County from January 27 through June 28. Among those coming to Broward County emergency rooms for an alcohol-related problem in 27 and the first half of 28, 19 percent were seeking detoxification and 34 percent were admitted to some form of inpatient care. A Federal survey reports that 98,76 Broward County residents were in need of, but did not receive treatment for alcohol abuse or dependency in the past year. 1 Mr. Hall is affiliated with the United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse s Center for the Study and Prevention of Substance Abuse at Nova Southeastern University. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 1

3 Area Description Broward County is composed of Ft. Lauderdale plus 28 other municipalities and an unincorporated area. The county covers 1,197 square miles, including 25 miles of coastline. According to 26 census estimates, the population was 1.8 million. The population is roughly 49 percent White non-hispanic, 25 percent Black non-hispanic, 23 percent Hispanic, and 3 percent Asian/Pacific Islanders. One fourth of the County s population are foreign born. The population described in this report are Broward County residents aged 12 and above totaling 1,471,26. Broward County is the second most populated county in Florida and accounts for approximately 1 percent of Florida s population. Broward was the top growth county in Florida in the 199s and added 367, more people during that decade and an additional 127,713 between 2 and 25. Data Sources This report describes current alcohol trends in Broward County, using the data sources summarized below: Survey data on the prevalence of alcohol use among the general population aged 12 and above in Broward County are provided by the Sub-State Substance Abuse Estimates from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health conducted by the Office of Applied Studies (OAS), SAMHSA. Survey data on the prevalence of substance use by high school students nationally, across the State of Florida, Broward County, Miami-Dade County, and Palm Beach County are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Survey data on the prevalence of substance use by middle and high school students in Florida are from the 2-28 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys conducted by the State s of Children and Families. Alcohol-related mortality data were provided by the Broward County Medical Examiner s Office for January 23 through June 28. Emergency department (ED) data were derived for 27 and the first half of 28 from the DAWN Live! restricted-access online query system administered by the Office of Applied Studies (OAS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Eligible hospitals in the Ft. Lauderdale Division totaled 27; there were 22 hospitals in the DAWN sample, and the number of emergency departments in the sample also totaled 22. During 27 and the first half of 28, 9 EDs reported data each month. The completeness of data reported by participating EDs varied by month. Exhibits in this paper for Broward County reflect cases that were received by DAWN as of December 22, 28. Based on this review, cases may be corrected or deleted. Therefore, the data presented in this paper are subject to change. Data derived from DAWN Live! represent alcohol reports in drug-related ED visits. The DAWN Live! data are unweighted and, thus, are not estimates for the reporting area. These data cannot be compared to DAWN data from 22 and before, nor can preliminary data be used for comparison with future data. Only weighted DAWN data released by SAMHSA can be used for trend analysis. A full description of the DAWN system can be found online at United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 2

4 Alcohol treatment data for January 28 to June 28 were provided by the Broward Addiction Recovery Center (BARC) of the Broward County of Human Services and are from 9 adult programs operated by BARC in Broward County. There are a total of 19 addiction treatment programs in the County. Alcohol-related crime data is provided by the Florida of Law Enforcement Uniform Crime Reports county-level arrest data from 2 through 28. Data Summary by Age Groups January 27 to June 28 Youth (under 18 years of age) A summary of the data on alcohol use and abuse consequences impacting those below the age of 18 is provided in the table below. Youth All Ages # #(% of all) Alcohol Deaths 1-17 years ED cases < (7 %) 3,873 High School 3-day current use 27 CDC survey High School 3-day current use 21 CDC survey Middle School 3-day current use 28 FL Y Survey Middle School 3-day current use 2 FL Y Survey 42.6% 44 % 16.8% 19.8 % Young Adults (18 to 24 years) A summary of the data on alcohol use and abuse consequences impacting those between 18 and 24 years of age is presented in the table below. Young Adult #(% of all) All Ages # Alcohol Deaths 18-2 years 18 (3 %) 569 Deaths years 45 (8 %) 569 ED cases (2%) 3,873 Treatment mentions age years 96 (4 %) 2,76 3-day current use Aged years NSDUH 58.5 % 53.7 % United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 3

5 Adults (25 54 years) A summary of the data on alcohol use and abuse consequences impacting those between 25 and 54 years of age is presented in the table below. Rates for alcohol addiction treatment clients are for those aged 25 to 49 years. Adults #(% of all) All Ages # Alcohol Deaths years 357 (63%) 569 ED cases yrs. 2,633 3,873 (68 %) Treatment mentions years 1,716 (63 %) 2,76 3-day current use Age 25 years and over NSDUH 57.2 % 53.7 % Senior Adults (55 years plus) The table below summarizes the report s data on those 55 years of age and older involved in Broward alcohol-related deaths and emergency department patients. Rates for alcohol addiction treatment clients are for those over the age of 5 years. Mature Adults # (% of all) All Ages # Alcohol Deaths (25 %) 569 ED cases (5 %) 3,873 Treatment mentions (33 %) 2,76 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 4

6 ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE PATTERNS AND TRENDS Prevalence of Consumption Prevalence of alcohol use and abuse is the measure of what proportion (or percentage) of a selected population consumes and what proportion experiences or causes negative consequences. Prevalence is most frequently measured by surveys. Prevalence of alcohol in Broward County is tracked by three surveys among youth. An additional Federal survey tracking alcohol use among the 8 th, 1 th, and 12 th graders is not Broward County specific but does provide national rates of alcohol-related behavior. Underage Alcohol Use (Ages 12-2 Years) Data on alcohol use for those aged 12 to 2 years from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) is available at the sub-state level for 35 areas in the United States including Broward County. The findings released in 28 were prepared by combining 3 years of NSDUH results (24-26) to provide adequate samples representative of the local areas. Exhibit 1 compares the alcohol rates among those ages 12-2 years for the nation, the State of Florida, and Broward County, as well as neighboring Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties. The questions address prevalence rates of (1) current alcohol use defined as any use within the past 3 days before taking the survey and (2) current binge alcohol use defined as having 5 or more drinks on a single occasion during the same time period. The Broward rates of past month use and binge drinking were slightly below those for the Nation, all of Florida, and Palm Beach County but were above those for Miami-Dade County. Among all Broward residents aged 12 to 2 years, percent (or an estimated 61,837 persons) reported current alcohol use in the past month and percent (or an estimated 39,338 persons) reported binge drinking. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) of Broward residents age 12 to 2 years of age who report drinking alcohol in the last 3 days also report binge drinking in the same time period. A special report on Risky and Destructive Behaviors associated with underage alcohol use by children and youth explores the key consequences identified by the Broward Commission on Substance Abuse s Underage Drinking Task Force. These include but are not limited to; Driving after drinking alcohol Riding with someone who has been drinking alcohol Engaging in fighting with the intent to harm someone Other violence including rape Carrying or using weapons Having unwanted and unprotected sex Drinking to get drunk Breaking the law Drinking at school Disobeying parents or school rules and regulations Damaging the not yet fully developed brain Use of illegal drugs including the nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 5

7 Exhibit 1 Percent of Persons Aged 12-2 Reporting Alcohol Use United States State of Florida Broward County Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County % Reporting Use Past 3 Day Use Binge Drinking Past 3 days United States State of Florida Broward County Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County Source: SAMHSA- National Surveys on Drug Use and Health Sub-State Data High School Students Youth alcohol prevalence rates are derived for high school students (grades 9-12) from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s (CDCP) national Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance Survey (YRBS). It is over-sampled in 22 metropolitan areas, including Broward County, to provide local prevalence rates for these communities. The survey has been conducted in odd-number years since The most current local results are from 27. The Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FL-YS) has been conducted annually since 2 for middle and high school students across the State of Florida. In even-numbered years, the survey has been over-sampled to provide prevalence rates for the counties of Florida. The most current state-level and Broward County information is from 28 with its largest Broward sample ever at 9,135 students. Exhibits 2-4 compare the findings of the two surveys of alcohol use among Broward County High School Students. CDCP s is the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey and FL-YS is the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey. Survey Year (Sample Size) FL-YS 2 (2,61) CDCP 21 (2,112) FL-YS 22 (1,981) CDCP 23 (2,21) FL-YS 24 (2,21) CDCP 25 (1,674) FL-YS 26 (1,462) CDCP 27 (1,347) FL-YS 28 (9,135) United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 6

8 Exhibit 2 Percent of Broward High School Students Reporting Any Lifetime Alcohol Use 8 CDCPAny Lifetime use FL-YS Any Lifetime use 7 % 9-12 Grade Reporting CDCPAny Lifetime use FL-YS Any Lifetime use Sources: CDC&P Youth Risk behavior Surveillance and Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey Exhibit 3 Percent of Broward High School Students Reporting Current Alcohol Use CDCP Past 3-day use FL-YS Past 3-day use CDCP Past 3-day use FL-YS Past 3-day use Sources: CDC&P Youth Risk behavior Surveillance and Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 7

9 Exhibit 4 Percent of Broward High School Students Reporting 5+ Drinks in a Row % of 9-12 Graders Reporting CDCP 5+ drinks in row Past 3 days FL-YS 5+ drinks in row Past 2 weeks CDCP 5+ drinks in row Past 3 days FL-YS 5+ drinks in row Past 2 weeks Sources: Center for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk behavior Survey and Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey 2 to 28 The three indicators of (1) Lifetime prevalence, (2) Past 3-Day prevalence, and (3) Binge-drinking of 5 or more drinks in a row in the past 3 days are included in both surveys of Broward high school students. Both surveys validated one another for these three questions between 2 and 28 with findings within the same 95% confidence intervals. Recent findings may be generalized to report that (1) two-thirds (68 percent) of high school students in Broward County reported at least one lifetime experience of consuming alcohol, (2) while 4 percent report use within the past 3 days of taking the survey, (3) and half of them (2 percent) report binge drinking within the past month. In the most recent years, any lifetime use of alcohol has stabilized but current use and binge drinking have increased among Broward high school students. Comparison of findings for the 27 Youth Risk Behavior Survey from Broward County with neighboring counties, the State of Florida, and national rates are provided in Exhibits 5 and 6. Broward County high school students reported similar rates of alcohol use as those in the compared regions with a slightly lower rate of binge drinking but the highest rate of usually purchasing alcohol at a retail store among those who report current alcohol use. Alcohol trends from 1995 to 27 are shown in Exhibit 7. The question on retail purchase was first asked in 27. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 8

10 Exhibit 5 Percent of High School Students Reporting Alcohol Use 27 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% United States State of Florida Broward County Miami- Dade County Palm Beach County 2% 1% % Any lifetime use Use in past 3 days Binge drinking last 3 days Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey 27 Exhibit 6 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % Percent of High School Students Reporting Alcohol Use and Behaviors 27 1st drink before 13yrs Usually Buy at Retail Store Rode with drinking driver last 3 days United States State of Florida Broward County Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County Drove after drinking last 3 days Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey 27 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 9

11 Exhibit 7 Percent Broward HS Students Reporting Alcohol Behaviors % HS Students Reporting st Drink Before Age 13 Drank at school past 3 days Rode with driver who drank past 3 days Drove after drinking past 3 days Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey A further comparison of regional high school student alcohol use is provided from the 28 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey in Exhibit 8. Rates are similar across the three counties and State. Among Broward County high school students, 64.1 percent reported any lifetime use of alcohol, 37.3 percent reported current use, and 18.8 percent reported binge drinking in the past 2 weeks. Exhibit 8 Percent of High School Students Reporting Alcohol Use 28 Percent of HS Students Florida Broward Miami-Dade Palm Beach Lifetime Past 3 Days Binge Last 2 Weeks Source: Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey 28 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 1

12 Middle School Students Prevalence rates of alcohol use for middle school students in Broward County are available from the 2 through 28 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys. Exhibit 9 presents those findings for the three questions on any lifetime use, any use in the past 3 days, and binge drinking in the past 2 weeks. Broward middle school students reported increases in for any lifetime and current alcohol use from 2 to 24 then a sharp decline in 26 that continued downward at a slower pace by 28. Rates of binge drinking among Broward middle school students declined from 8.9 percent in 2 to 6.9 percent in 22 but then returned to 8.8 percent in 24 before falling to 5.6 percent in 26 and 5 percent in 28. Exhibit 1 compares rates of alcohol use among Broward middle school students in 28 with those for the State of Florida and neighboring counties. Broward 6 th through 8 th graders rate of any lifetime alcohol use at 36.6 percent was higher than the rates for the State or neighboring counties. The Broward middle school rate of current past 3-day alcohol use at 16.8 percent was slightly below the rates for the State and Miami-Dade County and similar to the 16.5 percent rate for Palm Beach County. Broward s middle school rate of reported binge drinking in the past two weeks at 5 percent was below those for the State and the neighboring counties. Exhibit 9 Percent of Middle Sch Students Percent of Broward Middle School Students Reporting Alcohol Use Any Lifetime Use Use in Past 3 Days Binge Drinking Last 2 weeks Source: Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey 28 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 11

13 Exhibit 1 Percent of Middle School Students Reporting Alcohol Use 28 Percent of Middle Sch Students Florida Broward Miami-Dade Palm Beach Lifetime Past 3 Days Binge Last 2 Weeks Source: Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey 28 Middle and High School Students and Youth Aged Years The rate of current alcohol use among Broward middle and high school students by gender is tracked in Exhibit 11 from results of 2 to 28 the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys. While the rate for girls remains higher in 28, boys reported a higher increase in alcohol use between 26 and 28. Exhibit 12 tracks perceived attitudes about alcohol among Broward middle and high school students from the 2 to 28 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys. About two-thirds of students consistently reported that it would be wrong or very wrong for someone their age to drink alcohol regularly. The percentage of students reporting a perceived great risk of harm in having one or more drinks of alcohol every day increased from 41.6 percent in 2 to 45.6 percent in 28. Yet, the percent of students reporting that it would be seen as cool to drink alcohol increased from 8 percent in 2 to 1.5 percent in 28. The percent of Broward high school students who reported having first use alcohol by age 13 years or younger decreased from 2 to 28 as tracked in Exhibit 13 from the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey. Those who reported having had their first drink of alcohol, defined as more than a sip or two declined from 4.7 percent in 2 to 31.8 percent in 28. Those who reported using alcohol at least once a month by age 13 or younger also declined from 8.1 percent in 2 to 5.5 percent in 28. Early initiation of alcohol has been identified as a critical factor linked to lifelong problems, a 21 st Century study revealed 47 percent of those who first drank at the age of 13 experienced an alcohol dependency problem at sometime in their life as compared to 9 percent who had their first drink at age 21. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 12

14 Exhibit 11 %ReportingUsePast3Days Current Alcohol Use Among Broward Middle and High School Students by Gender Male Female Source: Florida Dept. of Children & Families Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys 2-28 Exhibit 12 Perceived Attitudes about Alcohol Among Broward County Middle and High School Students 2-28 % Reporting Current Use Source: Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys Wrong to Drink Regularly Daily Use Harmful Seen as Cool to Drink United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 13

15 Exhibit 13 Percent of Broward County High School Students Reporting Alcohol Use by Age 13 or Younger 2-28 % Reporting Use by Age More than a Sip or Two Drinking at least Once a Month Source: Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys 2-28 Sub-state data by age cohorts from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were released in 27 providing local results for 35 areas in the United States including Broward County. The findings were prepared by combining 3 years of NSDUH results (22-24) to provide adequate samples representative of the local areas. Exhibit 14 compares the rates among youth ages years for the nation, the State of Florida, and Broward County on three survey questions related to alcohol. The questions address prevalence rates of current, past month use of alcohol and binge alcohol use in the past month, as well as the perception of great risk in having five or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage once or twice a week. The Broward rates for all three questions were statistically similar to those for Florida and the nation. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 14

16 Exhibit 14 Percent of Youth Aged Reporting A lcoho l Use USA, F lorida, and Bro ward Co unty % of Year Olds Reporting P a s t M o n th U s e U S A F lo r id a B r o w a r d B in g e U s e P a s t M o n t h G re a t R is k U S A F lo rid a B ro w a rd Sou rce: National Surveys on Dru g Use an d Health Sub state Data Young Adults Aged 18 to 25 Years Exhibit 15 reveals significantly higher prevalence rates of any past month use and binge drinking among young adults than youth while Broward young adults had slightly lower rates of any past month use and of binge drinking than the same age group in Florida and the nation. Perceived great risk of harm related to weekly binge drinking was higher in Broward County than the State and nation. Exhibit 15 P erc en t of Y oung Adults Ag ed R ep o rtin g Alco h o l U se: U S A, F lorid a, and B ro w ard C o u n ty % of Year Olds Reporting P ast M onth U s e B in ge U se P a s t M on th Gre at R isk U S A Flo rid a B row ard U S A Florida B row ard S ource: N atio nal S urveys o n Dru g U se an d H ealth S ubstate Data United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 15

17 Adults Aged 26 Years and Older Exhibit 16 reports that Broward adults aged 26 years and older had a similar rate of current alcohol use as local young adults. Rates of binge drinking were significantly lower for adults than young adults (Exhibit 15) locally, across Florida, and nationally while binge drinking rates were similar among adults across the three areas. The perception of great harm from weekly binge drinking was 2.4 percent higher among Broward County adults than those nationally and slightly less for all of Florida. Exhibit 16 P ercent of Ad ults Ag ed 26 an d O ld er R eporting Alco hol U se: U S A, Florida, and B ro w ard C ounty % Aged 26 Yrs. & Older Reporting P ast M onth U se B inge U se P ast M onth G reat Risk U S A Florida B row ard U SA F lo rid a B ro w ard Source: N ational S urve ys on D rug U se and H ealth S ubstate D ata Across the Lifespan Exhibit 17 combines youth, young adult, and adult alcohol rates from the NSDUH (Exhibits 14, 15, and 16) to provide estimates of alcohol use and perception of harm from weekly binge drinking for the general population. Broward residents reported higher rates of current alcohol use than those for all of Florida and the nation. Broward rates of binge drinking in the past month were similar to those for the nation and State. Likewise, Broward and State residents reported an identical rate of harm perception related to weekly binge alcohol use that was above the national rate. While there are variations across the three areas, the relative similarity of these data indicates the endemic rather than epidemic nature of alcohol abuse in the United States. Thus, there are not necessarily dramatic differences in the patterns of alcohol use and abuse across communities in the United States. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 16

18 Exhibit 17 Percent of Population Aged 12 and Above Reporting Alcohol Use: USA, Florida, and Brow ard County % Aged 12 and Above Reporting Past Month Use Binge Use Past Month Great Risk USA Florida Broward USA Florida Broward Source: National Surveys on Drug Use and Health Substate Data Exhibit 18 reports on current use of alcohol and illicit drugs including the non-medical use of medications across the national population by age groups from the 27 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Alcohol use as shown on the striped bars rises from 2.2 percent at age 12 to 71.8 percent at age 21. Unlike illicit drug use that declines steadily after age 2, current alcohol use remains above 5 percent for age groups through 59 years before declining to 38.1 percent of those aged 65 and older. Thus alcohol use spans across all generations. Exhibit 18 Alcohol or Illicit Drug Use in the Past 3 Days By Age Percent Using Age Illicit Drug Alcohol or + Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health 27 released September 28 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 17

19 Alcohol-Related Consequences Deaths An alcohol-related death is one in which ethanol is detected in a deceased person by the medical examiner s office. There were 47 alcohol-related deaths in Broward County during 27 and 162 in the first six months of 28. These figures represent a decline from the 467 such deaths during 26 and the 419 such deaths in 25. There were 326 alcohol-related deaths in 24 and 324 in 23. A review of the 569 Broward alcohol deaths during the 18-month period from January 27 through June 28 is presented in exhibits Males accounted for 81 percent of the decedents and 73 percent were White, 17 percent were Black, and 9 percent were Hispanic. There were also three Asians and three Native American alcohol-related decedents. Twenty of the deaths (or 3.5 percent) were among underage drinkers aged 15-2 years, 45 decedents (or 8 percent) were between 21 and 24 years of age, 48 (or 8 percent) were between 25 and 29, and 42 (or 7 percent) were between 3 and 34 years. The greatest number of alcohol deaths occurred among those years of age with 152 decedents, representing 27 percent of the alcohol-related deaths; 2 percent were aged years, and 16 percent were aged Those over 64 years of age represented 9 percent of the alcohol-related deaths. The average age of the alcohol-related decedents was 44 years and 11 months and the mean age was 46 years. Exhibit 19 Broward Alcohol Deaths Jan 27 - Jun 28 by Gender n=569 Female 19% Male 81% Source: Broward County Medical Examiner s Office United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 18

20 Exhibit 2 Broward Alcohol Deaths Jan 27 - Jun 28 By Race/Ethnicity n=569 Black 17% Hispanic 9% White 73% Source: Broward County Medical Examiner s Office Exhibit 21 Broward Alcohol Deaths Jan 27 - Jun 28 By Age n= yrs yrs yrs 3-34 yrs yrs yrs yrs >64 yrs # of Alcohol Deaths Source: Broward County Medical Examiner s Office United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 19

21 Exhibit 22 classifies the alcohol deaths from January 27 through June 28 by manner of death. Accidental (non-traffic) death was the manner for 29 percent of the cases. Natural causes accounted for 23 percent of the alcohol deaths. Accidental traffic deaths accounted for 2 percent or 115 alcoholrelated deaths including 31 pedestrians killed. Blood alcohol levels among the deceased pedestrians ranged from.3 % to.39 % and averaged at.21 %. Only three of the pedestrians had a legal blood alcohol level below.8 %. Suicide was attributed to 18 percent of the alcohol medical examiner cases and detected in 43 homicide cases (or 8 percent). Seven of the cases remain pending or undetermined as to the manner of death. Eight of the deaths were attributed to acute alcohol overdose. Chronic alcohol abuse was the primary cause for 7 of the alcohol-related deaths in addition to 9 deaths attributed to liver cirrhosis. A total of 127 alcohol death (or 22 percent of such cases) during the 18 months from January 27 through June 28 were listed as multiple drug overdoses including 11 cases that involved at least one prescription medication. Exhibit 23 shows that narcotic opioid pain medications were reported in 43 (or 8 percent) of the alcohol deaths, benzodiazepines were detected in 36 (or 6 percent), cocaine was in 3 (or 5 percent) of the alcohol deaths, and heroin was associated with 3 of the alcohol deaths while muscle relaxants were found in 2 cases. Exhibit Broward Alcohol Deaths Jan 27- Jun 28 By Manner of Death n= # of Alcohol Deaths ACCIDENT Non-Traffic ACCIDENT TRAFFIC SUICIDE HOMICIDE NATURAL Pending Source: Broward County Medical Examiner s Office United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 2

22 Exhibit 23 Broward Alcohol-Related Deaths Jan 27 - Jun 28 Other Drugs Detected n=569 # of Drug Mentions Narcotic Analgesic 36 3 Benzo's Cocaine Muscle Relaxant 2 3 Heroin 5 Other Rx Source: Broward County Medical Examiner s Office Medical Emergencies The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) Live! system recorded information on alcohol-related emergency department (ED) reports from 9 Broward hospitals from January 27 to June 28. Thus, the alcohol cases tracked by DAWN Live! are not a total or estimate of all the cases in the County, but do provide a sample of such cases from which a profile of patients and problems may be reviewed. It is not appropriate to compare the number of Dawn Live! reports from one time period to another because of differences in the sample of emergency departments reporting. DAWN tracks alcohol ED reports for adults only when alcohol is reported to have been used in-combination with at least one other drug. DAWN also tracks alcohol-only ED cases for anyone under 21 years of age. Exhibits reveal the demographics of the 3,873 patients in the sample of those who came into a Broward emergency room for an alcohol related case during the 18-months between January 27 and June 28. Of the total, 2,572 alcohol reports were made in 27 and 1,31 were made in the first six months of 28. Males accounted for 62 percent and Whites for 67 percent, while Blacks represented 19 percent of the alcohol ED cases, and Hispanics accounted for 14 percent. Teens below the age of 18 accounted for 39 percent of the 653 underage alcohol ED reports, while those aged 18 to 2 years accounted for 61 percent. Another drug in-combination with alcohol was found in 49 percent of the underage alcohol ED reports. Those of legal drinking age, 21 years and older, represented 83 percent of the alcohol-related ED cases, with those aged 35 to 44 comprising 27 percent of all the alcohol ED cases, the next largest groups were those aged 45 to 54 years who accounted for 21 percent and those aged 21 to 29 comprising 2 percent, 1 percent were aged 3 to 34, 4 percent were 55-64, and 1 percent were aged 65 or older. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 21

23 Exhibit 24 Broward Alcohol Emergency Reports Jan June 28 By Gender n= 3,873 Female 38% Male 62% Source: US Dept. HHS, SAMHSA-Office of Applied Studies DAWN Live! Exhibit 25 Broward Alcohol Emergency Reports By Race/Ethnicity Jan 27 Jun 28 n=3,873 2% 14% White Black Hispanic 66% Source: US Dept. HHS, SAMHSA-Office of Applied Studies DAWN Live! United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 22

24 Exhibit 26 Broward Alcohol Emergency Reports Jan 27 - June 28By ByAge Age 65 years & older years years years 3-34 years years years 18-2 years years 6-11 years 5 yr & younger Source: US Dept. HHS, SAMHSA-Office of Applied Studies DAWN Live! Exhibits classify the alcohol-related emergency department reports by type of case and patient disposition. Among the 3,873 cases from January 27 to June 28, 52 percent were charted as substance abuse cases and an additional 19 percent were listed as seeking detox. Reports among those below the age of 21 years involving alcohol only accounted for 9 percent of the cases, and Suicide was the case type for another 9 percent. Overmedication, often in combination with prescription medication, was listed in 8 percent of the cases (Exhibit 27). Among alcohol-related emergency department patients, 34 percent were admitted to detox or treatment, a psychiatric unit, or other inpatient care, 25 percent were discharged to home, 21 percent were referred to detox or treatment, 11 percent were transferred to another facility, and 3 percent were releases to the police or jail (Exhibit 28). United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 23

25 Exhibit 27 Broward Alcohol Emergency Report By Case Type Jan 27- Jun 28 n=3,873 Alcohol Abuse 25 Accidental ingestion Malicious poisoning 2 24 Overmedication 321 Adverse reaction 15 Under 21 Alcohol Only 335 Seeking detox 74 Suicide attempt Source: US Dept. HHS, SAMHSA-Office of Applied Studies DAWN Live! Exhibit 28 Broward Alcohol Emergency Reports Jan 27 - Jun 28 by Patient Disposition n=3,873 Not Documented Other Died Left against medical advice Transferred Admited to other inpatient Admitted to psychiatric unit Admitted to detox/ treatment Admitted to critical care/icu Referred to detox/treatment Released to police/jail Discharged Home Source: US Dept. HHS, SAMHSA-Office of Applied Studies DAWN Live! United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 24

26 Alcoholism Treatment Local addiction treatment data are from the Broward Addiction Recovery Center (BARC) from January 27 through June 28. While these cases do not represent the total number of addiction treatment cases for the County, they do provide a significant sample. Among the 7,471 adult patients admitted to BARC during the 18 months form January 27 to June 28, 55 percent cited alcohol as either a primary, secondary, or tertiary drug of abuse. There were 1,412 alcohol mentions in the first half of 27, 1,326 in the second half of 27, and 1,342 in the first six months of 28. Of theses 4,8 alcohol mentions, 66 percent were as the primary substance, 25 percent listed alcohol as their secondary drug, and 9 percent of the alcohol mentions were as the tertiary drug of abuse (Exhibit 29). Exhibit 3 breaks out the 2,76 BARC adult primary alcohol admission cases by age groups. The greatest number of alcohol admissions (n=1,7) were among clients aged 4-49 years. The second highest number of alcohol admissions (n=766) were among clients aged 5-59 years followed by those aged 3-39 (n= 469). Whites accounted for 73 percent of all the alcohol treatment mentions. Blacks accounted for 23 percent of all the alcohol treatment cases. Multi-racial ethnicity accounted for 3 percent of the alcohol cases; Hispanics were not identified in the data. There were also 4 Native Americans, 3 Asians, and 2 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health reports that 98,76 Broward residents were in need of, but did not receive treatment for alcohol abuse or dependency in the past year from among the 13,119 who would meet the diagnostic criteria for either of those two disorders including the 44,572 considered to be alcohol dependent. Exhibit 29 January 27 - June 28 BARC Alcohol Treatment Admissions by Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Drug n=4,8 Secondary 25% Tertiary 9% Primary 66% Source: Broward Addiction Recovery Center United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 25

27 Exhibit 3 # Alcohol Admisisons January 27 - June 28 BARC Primary Alcohol Admissions By Age n= 2, , Source: Broward Addiction Recovery Center Exhibit 31 2, January 27 - June 28 BARC Primary Alcohol Treatment Admissions By Race n= 2,76 1,964 # Alcohol Primary Admits 1,5 1, White Black Multi-Racial Source: Broward Addiction Recovery Center United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 26

28 Alcohol-Related Crime Exhibit 32 tracks the number of Driving-Under-the-Influence (DUI) and liquor law violation arrests in Broward County from 23 through the first half of 28. Broward DUI arrests totaled 4,617 in 23 and 4,987 during 24. With major hurricanes in 25 the number dropped to 3,964 then rose to 4,81 in 26 and remained stable at 4,88 in 27 and 2,39 arrests in the first half of 28. Liquor law violation arrests in Broward County totaled 3,574 in 23 and then declined to 2,636 in 24 and to 1,618 in 25 then down to 1,548 in 26 before rising to 2,731 in 27 and 1,42 in the first six months of 28. The gender and age of DUI and liquor law violation arrests are available on a statewide basis but not at the county level. Exhibit 33 shows the similar patterns in the gender and age groups of DUI arrestees from 23 through the first half of 28. Both DUI and liquor law violations are dominated by adult males. Likewise, among juveniles most arrestees for alcohol violations are males. Exhibit 34 reflects a stable pattern of Liquor Law arrests from 23 through the first six months of 28 among juveniles and adults by gender. Exhibits 35 and 36 identify the numbers of DUI and Liquor Law Violations arrests by the various police departments in Broward County during 27 and the first half of 28. Over the 18 month period, the Broward Sheriff Office made 19 percent of the DUI arrests and the Hollywood Police made 27 percent of the Liquor Law Violation arrests. Exhibit 32 Number of Arrests 5, 4,5 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, Broward Alcohol Arrests Jan 27 - Jun ,617 3,574 4,987 2,636 3,964 1,618 4,81 1,548 DUI Liquor Law Violations 4,88 2,731 2, H28 1,42 Source: Florida of Law Enforcement, Uniform Crime Reports Part 2A United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 27

29 Exhibit 33 Florida DUI Arrests by Gender, Youth, & Adults Jan 23 - Jun # of Arrests H28 Female Adult 11,46 11,26 11,531 11,413 12,962 6,81 Male Adult 45,68 44,119 45,679 43,477 45,396 22,374 Female Juvenile Male Juvenile Source: Florida of Law Enforcement, Uniform Crime Reports Part 2A Exhibit 34 Florida Liquor Law Arrests Jan 23 - Jun 28 4, 35, 3, # of Arrests 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, H28 Female Adult 4,929 5,63 4,92 4,768 5,286 2,386 Male Adult 27,617 29,21 26,928 25,951 28,236 13,361 Female Juvenile Male Juvenile 1,215 1, , Source: Florida of Law Enforcement, Uniform Crime Reports Part 2A United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 28

30 Exhibit 35 Source: 27 FL of Law Enforcement, Uniform Crime Reports Part 2A Agency 27 DUI Liquor Law Violations Broward County Total 4,88 2,731 Broward County Sheriffs Office Dania Police Deerfield Beach Police Fort Lauderdale Police 47 7 Hallandale Police 21 8 Hollywood Police 34 1,123 Plantation Police 57 1 Pompano Beach Police Pembroke Pines Police Wilton Manors Police Cooper City PD 38 3 Coconut Creek PD Davie Police Hillsboro Beach Police 3 Lauderdale-By-The-Sea PD Lauderdale Lakes PD 25 9 Lauderhill PD 33 Lighthouse Point Police 1 Margate Police Miramar Police 62 North Lauderdale Police Oakland Park Police Sea Ranch Lakes Police Sunrise Police 72 2 Coral Springs Police Pembroke Park Police 19 3 Tamarac Police Ft. Lauderdale Intl. Airport PD 2 7 Parkland PD 17 2 Seminole Indian Reservation 1 11 Town of Southwest Ranches 6 5 Broward-DEP Div of Law Enforce 2 2 West Park Police Broward-Division of Insurance Fraud Broward-Florida Game Comm 9 Weston PD 31 6 FHP - Fort Lauderdale 371 Port Everglades PD 6 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 29

31 Exhibit 36 2A Source: Jan-Jun 28 FL Dept of Law Enforcement, Uniform Crime Reports Part Agency January to June 28 DUI Liquor Law Violations Broward County Total 2,39 1,42 Broward County Sheriffs Office Dania Police Deerfield Beach Police Fort Lauderdale Police 24 6 Hallandale Police 19 7 Hollywood Police Plantation Police 57 2 Pompano Beach Police Pembroke Pines Police 75 2 Wilton Manors Police 27 3 Cooper City PD 16 3 Coconut Creek PD 57 3 Davie Police Hillsboro Beach Police 7 Lauderdale-By-The-Sea PD 37 4 Lauderdale Lakes PD 19 6 Lauderhill PD 8 Lighthouse Point Police Margate Police Miramar Police 42 3 North Lauderdale Police Oakland Park Police Sea Ranch Lakes Police Sunrise Police 41 2 Coral Springs Police Pembroke Park Police 5 5 Tamarac Police Ft. Lauderdale Intl. Airport PD 4 1 Parkland PD 2 Seminole Indian Reservation 54 2 Town of Southwest Ranches 2 Broward-DEP Div of Law Enforce 2 12 West Park Police 4 Broward-Division of Insurance Fraud Broward-Florida Game Comm 6 Weston PD 16 3 FHP - Fort Lauderdale 241 Port Everglades PD 2 1 For inquiries regarding this report, please contact: James N. Hall, NSU Center for the Study & Prevention of Substance Abuse, (786) , upfrontin@aol.comupfrontin@aol.com United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Jan 27- Jun 28 Alcohol Epidemiology Report 3

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