4 CATEGORIES. Medicine Tobacco Alcohol Other Illegal Drugs

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1 DRUGS

2 4 CATEGORIES Medicine Tobacco Alcohol Other Illegal Drugs

3 MEDICINE Drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions All medicines are drugs, not all drugs are medicines Drugs Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind Classify into four main categories 1. Prevention: Vaccines work by taking advantage of body s natural defense system 2. Fight Pathogens: Antibiotics medicine that destroys bacteria 3. Relieve Pain 4. Manage/maintain

4 Can be taken in multiple ways Orally taken by the mouth Topically applied to the skin Inhaled delivered through a mist or powder Injected delivered through a shot Side effects Tolerance condition in which the body becomes used to the effect, need more to realize same effect Withdrawal occurs when a person stops using a medicine they are physiologically dependent Insomnia, headaches, vomiting, cramps

5 TOBACCO Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and disability in the US Nicotine addictive drug that is a stimulant (increases the action of the central nervous system, raises blood pressure) Carcinogens cancer causing substances Tar and carbon monoxide (colorless, odorless poisonous gas) Short term effects Brain chemistry changes, respiration and heart rate increase, taste buds dulled, appetite is reduced, bad breath, yellow teeth, smelly clothes, hair, skin

6 Long-term effects Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, weakened immune system Leukoplakia: thickened white, leathery-looking spots on inside of mouth that develop into oral cancer Secondhand smoke can be just as deadly

7 ALCOHOL Ethanol Short term effects: Depressant (drug that slows the CNS), slows reaction time, impairs vision, diminishes judgement, causes blood vessels to expand, kidneys increase urine output Factors that influence alcohol effects: Body size Gender Food Rate of Intake Amount Medicine

8 Long term effects: damage to brain cells and reduction in brain size, increase blood pressure leads to heart attack or stroke, buildup of fat cells in the liver, damage digestive lining, relationship damages Bing drinking: 5 or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting, can have serious consequences Alcohol poisoning: sever and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose Factors that influence alcohol use: Peer pressure Family Media messages Advertising techniques

9 Alcoholism Develops in three stages 1. Abuse: physical and psychological dependence develops 2. Dependence: a person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol 3. Addiction: can not survive without it; physiological or psychological dependence on the drug

10 OTHER ILLEGAL DRUGS Substance abuse is any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes Illicit drug use: use or sale of any substance that is illegal or not permitted Factors that influence teens: Peer pressure Family Members Role models Media messages Perceptions of drug behavior Misleading information

11 Marijuana Plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are usually smoked for their intoxicating effects AKA: Grass, weed, pot, Mary Jane, and many others Gateway drug: teens are 15 times more likely to use cocaine if they have used marijuana Mind-altering affects through the THC; depressant Contains more cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke

12 Inhalants Fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give the desired effect Short term indicators: Depresses the CNS, give a glassy stare, have slurred speech, impaired judgement, nausea, coughing, nosebleed, fatigue, and lack of coordination Long term indicators: Loss of brain cells, death, liver, and kidney damage, blindness, brain damage, paralysis, cardiac arrest

13 Steroids: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones Muscle building Unnatural muscle growth can lead to injury Long term effects: Weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, liver and kidney tumors, mood swings, depression, paranoia, HIV Male specific effects: shrinking testicles, reduced sperm count, baldness, development of breasts Female specific effects: Facial hair, baldness, menstrual cycle changes, deepened voice

14 Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the brain Stimulants, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens Designer drugs Synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs Ecstasy (MDMA), Rohypnol (roofies) Hallucinogens: alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions Rohypnol, Meth, LSD (acid), PCP, DXM, Mushrooms, Peyote

15 Opiates Drugs derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and used to relieve pain Morphine, oxycodone, codeine, heroin

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