International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (11): , 2006 ISSN Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 5 (): , 006 ISSN Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 006 Effect of Different Levels of Rpeseed Mel Supplemented with Clcium Iodte on Performnce, Some Crcss Trits, nd Thyroid Hormones of Broiler Chickens E. Mroufyn nd H. Kermnshhi Deprtment of Animl Science, Fculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mshhd, Mshhd, P. O. Box: , Irn Astrct: In completely rndomized design with 3*3 fctoril rrngements nd 4 replictes, 360 dy-old Ross mle roiler chickens were used to evlute the effect of different levels of loclly grown rpeseed mel (RSM) supplemented with iodine on performnce, orgns weight nd thyroid hormones of roiler chickens. The RSM ws used t the levels of 0.0 (control), 7.5 nd 5.0 percent for 7 weeks. The iodine levels dded into the diets were 0.35 (NRC, 994 recommendtion, control), 0.75 nd.05 mg/kg. Feed intke nd feed to gin rtio were ffected y dded levels of RSM during the strter (0- d), grower (-4), finisher(4-49) nd overll (0-49 d) feeding periods (P<0.05). Body weight gin ws not ffected y tretments in ny periods. Added high levels of RSM significntly incresed the reltive weights of liver, spleen (P<0.05) nd decresed the weights of dominl ft pd (P<0.05). Adding levels of RSM were lso significntly incresed the concentrtion of serum tri-idotyronine (T 3) t 4 dys of ge nd the concentrtion of serum thyroxin (T 4) t dys of ge (P<0.05), while dding iodine into the diets hd no significnt effect mong tretments. Thyroid-stimulting hormone (TSH) ws not significntly ffected y dding RSM into the diets t nd 4 dys of ge. Under the conditions of this study it ws concluded tht dding RSM into the diets of roilers decreses their performnce. Spite the non significnt effect of iodine on performnce of roilers, due to the presence of glucosinoltes in RSM, use of more iodine needs to e considered. Key words: Rpeseed mel, iodine, performnce, thyroid hormones, chicken Introduction Rpeseed mel (RSM) is used s protein supplement in feeding livestock nd poultry. The protein content of RSM is out 35-40% nd hs physiologiclly suitle mino cid comintion (Roth-Mier et l., 004). glucosinoltes in RSM, it is hypothesized tht ddition of extr iodine into the diet (more thn NRC, 994 recommendtion) might e n effective method to llevite the dverse effects of RSM. Therefore, in this study the effect of different levels of RSM supplemented However, RSM contins nutritionlly unfvorle with iodine on performnce, orgns weight nd thyroid sustnces such s glucosinoltes, sinpin, tnnin, hormones of roiler chickens were evluted. eurocic cid nd phytte (Bell, 993; Mwson et l., 993). Glucosinoltes re not directly responsile for the Mterils nd Methods deleterious effects on thyroid function ut toxicity is The loclly grown RSM ws purchsed from n oil cused y their derivtive production, such s extrction compny in Neishour, Irn (Fzl). For thiocynte nd isothiocyntes. Brekdown is minly prepring RSM, the oil of the RSM ws extrcted y cused during the processing of RSM y myrosinse, hexn. Three levels of 0.0, 7.5 nd 5.0% RSM nd three which is specific plnt hydrolytic enzyme. High levels of clcium iodte (0.35, 0.75 nd.05 mg/kg diet) tempertures or the ctivity of the intestinl micro flor were dded into the diets during strter (0- d), grower my rekdown the glucosinolte content of RSM (-4 d) nd finisher (4-49 d) periods of roiler (Mwson et l., 993). Negtive effects of glucosinoltes chickens (Tle ). To void the effect of solule non on nimls re reltive to their concentrtion in the diet. strch polyscchride present in RSM, 0.05% Endofeed The presence of dietry glucosinoltes is know to impir W (minimum ctivity of 00 U/g xylnse nd 880 U/g the thyroid function of poultry (Aki nd Mtsumoto, et-glucnse) ws dded into the diets. The diets met 977). The thiocynte nions re competitors of iodine the Ntionl Reserch Council (NRC, 994) for ctive trnsport cross the cell memrne nd for recommendtions. Feed nd wter provided d liitum. inding to tyrosine residues of thyrogloulin (Ludke nd Birds were mintined under continuous light. The Schone, 988). Glucosinoltes reduce the intke (Hill, environmentl temperture in the rn tht ws initilly o o 99), induce iodine deficiency (Burel et l., 000), estlished on 3 C ws grdully reduced to C y goitrogenicity (Schone et l., 990; Wlling et l., 00), week 7. In completely rndomized design with 3*3 mutgenicity, heptotoxicity nd nephrotoxicity (Zng et fctoril rrngements, 360 dy-old Ross mle roiler l., 999; Tnii et l., 00). Due to the presence of chickens were rndomly ssigned in 36 pens of 4 073

2 Mroufyn nd Kermnshhi: Rpeseed Mel Supplemented with Clcium Iodte Tle : Composition of experimentl diets ge (dys) 0- Tretments Ingredients (%) Corn Soyen mel Rpeseed mel Veg. oil Di clcium phosphte Clcium cronte Slt Vit. Min.premix DL-Methionine L-Lysine Enzyme Iodine(mg/Kg) Clculted nlysis ME (kcl/kg) Crude protein (%) Tretments Ingredients (%) Corn Soyen mel Rpeseed mel Veg. oil Di clcium phosphte Clcium cronte Slt Vit. Min.premix DL-Methionine L-Lysine Enzyme Iodine(mg/Kg) Clculted nlysis ME (kcl/kg) Crude protein (%) Tretments Ingredients (%) Corn Soyen mel Rpeseed mel Veg. oil Di clcium phosphte Clcium cronte Slt Vit. Min.premix DL-Methionine L-Lysine Enzyme Iodine(mg/Kg) Clculted nlysis ME (kcl/kg) Crude protein (%) Supplied per kilogrm of diet: vitmin A, 0000 IU; vitmin D3,9790 IU; vitmin E, IU; B, 0 µg; rioflvin, 4.4 mg; clcium pntothente, 40 mg; nicin, mg; choline,.840 mg; iotin, 30 µg; thimin, 4 mg; zinc sulfte, 60 mg; mngnese oxide, 60 mg;. Endofeed W from GNC Bioferm Inc., Cnd. replictes per tretment (*.m). Feed intke nd ody weight gin of chickens were recorded weekly, 4 h fter the removl of feed, nd feed to gin rtio clculted s the unit weight of feed per unit of ody weight gin. At 49 dys of ge, one chicken from ech replicte (pen) ws rndomly selected, weighed, slughtered nd the liver, spleen, pncres, hert nd the dominl ft pd weights were immeditely recorded. At nd 4 dys 074

3 Mroufyn nd Kermnshhi: Rpeseed Mel Supplemented with Clcium Iodte Tle : Effect of levels of Rpeseed mel nd iodine on performnce of roiler chickens Age (dys) Performnce Feed Weight Feed to Feed Weight Feed to Feed Weight Feed to tretments intke gin Gin intke gin gin intke gin gin (g) (g) rtio (g) (g) rtio (g) (g) rtio Rpeseed level (%) A A A P vlue Iodine level (%) B B B P vlue Rpeseed * Iodine AB AB AB AB AB AB A3B A3B A3B P vlue Age (dys) 0-49 Performnce Feed Weight Feed to tretments intke gin Gin (g) (g) rtio Rpeseed level (%) A A A P vlue Iodine level (%) B B B P vlue Rpeseed * Iodine AB AB AB AB AB AB A3B A3B A3B P vlue A-A3 re 0.0, 7.5 nd 5% rpeseed mel; B-B3 re 0.35, 0.75 nd.05 mg/kg iodine. -f Mens in ech column with different superscripts re significntly different (P<0.05). of ge, one ird from ech replicte ws rndomly selected nd their lood smples were collected. For mesuring the concentrtions of thyroid hormones, T, 3 T nd TSH, serum lood smples were seprted. The 4 totl T, T nd TSH concentrtions in the ser were 3 4 determined y RIA (Gm mnic, Contron, Itly, with utomtic Gm counter) using stndrd commercil kits (Kvoshyr kit) ccording to the procedure of Kloss et l. (994) Dt were nlyzed sed on generl liner model procedure of SAS (SAS, 993) nd tretment mens when significnt (P<0.05), were compred using Duncn s multiple rnge test (Duncn, 955). Results nd Discussion The results of performnce of roiler chickens fed RSM nd iodine re given in Tle. Feed intke nd feed to gin rtio were significntly ffected y RSM (P<0.05). Feed intke of roiler chickens t 0-, -4, 4-49 nd 0-49 dys of ge were significntly decresed s the level of RSM incresed in the diets. The reduction in feed intke my prtly due to presence of derivtives of glucosinoltes (sinigrin nd progoitrin) hving itter tste (Fenwick et l., 98), Progoitrin produces more profound itter tste compred to sinigrin (Vn Doorn et l., 998). Enzymtic hydrolysis of gluconpin nd glucorssicnpin in Brssic leds to formtion of epinitrile, nitrile nd goitrin (Cisk nd Kozlowsk, 998). Goitrin, isothyocyntes nd glucorssicin re known s itter tste in Brssic (Drewnowski nd Gomez-Crneros, 000). The evidences indicte tht diet pltility cn e dversely ffected y the glucosinoltes of the RSM (Mwson et l., 993). The pltility of diets cn e improved with low glucosinoltes RSM, very low glucosinoltes RSM (Mwson et l., 993) nd lower dietry inclusion of high glucosinoltes RSM (Elwinger nd Stery, 986). However, reduction in feed intke t 0-, -4,

4 Mroufyn nd Kermnshhi: Rpeseed Mel Supplemented with Clcium Iodte Tle 3: Effect of Rpeseed mel nd iodine on reltive orgns weight nd thyroid hormones of roiler chickens Age (dys) Crcss liver spleen Adom- pncr- Hert Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum Serum trits/ weight weight inl ft es weight T3 T4 T3 T4 TSH TSH Tretments pd weight (µg/dl) (µg/dl) (ng/ml) (µg/dl) (ng/ml) (ng/ml) weight Rpeseed level (%) A A A c P vlue Iodine level (%) B B B P vlue Rpeseed * Iodine AB AB AB AB AB AB A3B A3B A3B P vlue Reltive to live ody weight; A-A3 re 0.0, 7.5 nd 5% rpeseed mel; B-B3 re 0.35, 0.75 nd.05 mg/kg iodine; - Mens in ech column with different superscripts re significntly different (P<0.05); T3, tri-idotyronine; T4, tyroxine.; TSH, thyroid stimulting hormone. nd 0-49 dys of ge seen in this study shows tht the sprtte trnsminse, lctte dehydrogense nd ove mentioned compounds my present in RSM re lkline dehydrogense in the plsm of lyers nd prtly responsile for this effect when the inclusion level roilers fed RSM re reported (Person et l., 983). of RSM into the diets ws 5%. Theses results re in Highest spleen weight ws seen in irds fed 5% RSM greement with those of Kermnshhi nd Asi Pour possily due to the nti nutritionl fctors present in (006) who showed the negtive effect of RSM on feed RSM (P<0.05). Adominl ft pd ws lso decresed intke. Summers et l. (990) found tht sulphur in RSM y RSM (P<0.05). Jlli et l. (004) reported tht my ind with clcium therey reduces feed intke. inclusion of RSM into the diet decreses dominl ft Inclusion of RSM into the diets hd significnt effect on pd tht is possily due to the hydrolytic products of feed to gin rtio of roiler chickens t ll periods glucosinoltes present in RSM. Adding levels of RSM (P<0.05). These results my prtly ttriute to the were lso significntly incresed (P<0.05) the desirle profile of mino cids in RSM, lower feed concentrtion of serum triidotyronine (T 3) t 4 dys of intke nd/or lower ody weight gin. Addition of iodine ge nd the concentrtion of serum thyroxin (T 4) t itself into the diets hd no significnt effect on dys of ge. Adding extr iodine didn t show ny performnce of the chickens in ny periods. Body weight significnt effect on T 3 nd T 4 hormones. The hydrolysis gin ws not significntly ffected y RSM tht re in products of glucosinoltes impir the thyroid uptke of greement with those of Mwson et l. (993) who iodide, its oxidtion, the iodine inding to thyrogloulin, reported tht inclusion of cnol mel into the diets hs synthesis nd relese of hormone (Schone et l., 990). no significnt effect on ody weight gin. The effect of Thyroid hyperplsi induced y iodine deficiency is RSM nd iodine on orgns weight, serum T 3, T 4 nd TSH ssocited with n ltered pttern of thyroid re shown in tle 3. RSM significntly incresed hormonogenesis. The shift to increse T 3 secretion reltive liver, spleen nd dominl ft pd to live ody plys n importnt role in the dpttion to iodine weight of chickens (P<0.05). Hypertrophy of liver deficiency ecuse T 3 possesses out 4 times the of chickens fed RSM hs een frequently reported metolic potency of T 4 ut requires only 75 % s much (Slominski nd Cmpell, 990; Summers et l., 99). iodine for synthesis (Ermns et l., 963). Anti-thyroid Nitril content of RSM my responsile for hypertrophy compounds of RSM could destroy cellulr T 3 receptors nd liver dmge of chickens (Cisk nd Kozlowsk, (Schone et l., 990) nd chnge outer ring deiodintion 998). Some chnges in liver enzymes such s of T in peripherl tissue (Drrs et l., 000). Thyroid

5 Mroufyn nd Kermnshhi: Rpeseed Mel Supplemented with Clcium Iodte stimulting hormone (TSH) ws not significntly ffected Fenwick, G.R., N.M. Griffiths nd R.K. Heney, 98. y RSM nd iodine t nd 4 dys of ge. Bitterness in Brussels sprouts, the role of glucosinoltes nd their rekdown products. J. Sci. Conclusion: Reserchers clssified the RSM to four Food Agri., 34: ctegories s very low, low, medium nd high sed on Hill, R., 99. Rpeseed mel in the diet of ruminnts. their glucosinoltes content (Mwson et l., 993) nd Nutr. Astr. Rev., 6: sed on this clssifiction, the RSM used in this study Jlli-Hjidi, S.M.A., S.A.H. Aolghsemi nd A.R. my hd high levels of glucosinolte. Under the Jfri-Sydi, 004. Effect of rpeseed mel nd conditions of this study it ws concluded tht dding iodide supplement on performnce, orgns weight RSM into the diets of roilers decrese their nd thyroid hormone of roiler chickens. In: performnce nd spite the non significnt effect of iodine Proceedings of the first congress on niml nd on performnce of roilers, it seems tht the need of qutic sciences, Tehrn. Vol. : iodine in intestine due to the presence of glucosinoltes Kermnshhi, H. nd A.R. Asi Pour, 006. in RSM, use of more iodine, more tht 0.35 mg/kg Replcement vlue of soyen mel with rpeseed recommended y NRC (994), needs to e considered. mel supplemented with or without dietry NSPdegrding enzyme on performnce, crcss trits In ddition to this, it might e possile tht due to locking properties of iodine y glucosinoltes in RSM, nd thyroid hormones of roiler chickens. Int. J. the poultry met needs to e fortified with iodine tht is Poult. Sci., 5: historiclly deficient in soils of middle est re like Irn. Kloss, P., E. Jeffery, M. Wllig, M. Tumleson nd C. More reserch is needed to clrify this. Prsons, 994. Efficcy of feeding glucosinolte extrcted crme mel to roiler chicks. Poult. Sci., Acknowledgment 73: The finncil support of Ferdowsi University of Mshhd Ludke, H. nd F. Schone, 988. Copper nd iodine in is grtefully cknowledged y the uthors. pig diet with high glucosinolte rpeseed mel. Anim. Feed Sci. Tec., 9: Mwson, R., R.K. Heny, Z. Zdunczyk nd H. Kozlowsk, References 993. Rpeseed mel glucosinoltes nd their Aki, Y. nd T. Mtsumoto, 977. Effects of grded ntinutritionl effects. Flvor nd pltility. Die doses of goitrin, goitrogen in rpeseed, on Nhrung., 37: synthesis nd relese of thyroid hormone in Ntionl Reserch Council, 994. Nutrient Requirement chicks. Jp. J. Zootec. Sci., 48: of Poultry. 9th ed. Ntionl Acdemy Press, Bell, J.M., 993. Fctors ffecting the nutritionl vlue of Wshington, DC. cnol mel : A review. J. Anim. Sci., 73: Person, A.W., N.M. Greenwood, E.J. Butler nd G.R. Burel, C., T. Boujrd, A. Escffre, M. Kushik, S.J. Boeuf, Fenwick, 983. Biochemicl chnges in lyer nd G. Mol, A.K. Vnder Geyten nd S. Kuhn, 000. roiler chickens when fed on high glucosinoltes Dietry low glucosinolte rpeseed mel ffect rpeseed mel. Br. Poult. Sci., 4: thyroid sttus nd nutrient utiliztion in rinow SAS, Institute, Inc., 993. SAS User s guide: version 6.03 trout (oncorhynchus mgkiss). Br. J. Nutr., 84: 653- ed., SAS Institute Inc., Cry, North Crolin Roth-Mier, D.A., B.M. Böhmer nd F.X. Roth, 004. Cisk, E. nd H. Kozlowsk, 998. Glucosinoltes of Effects of feeding cnol mel nd sweet lupin (L. cruciferous vegetles. Polish J. Food nd Nutr. luteus, L. ngustifolius) in mino cid lnced Sci., 48: 5-. diets on growth performnce nd crcss Drrs, V.M., S.V. Geyten nd E.R. Kuhn, 000. Thyroid chrcteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Anim. hormone metolism in poultry. Biotechnol. Agron. Res., 53: -34. Soc. Environ., 4: 3-0. Schone, F., G. Jhreis, G. Richter nd R. Lnge, 990. Drewnowski, A. nd C. Gomez-Crneros, 000. Bitter Evlution of rpeseed mels in roiler chicks: tste, phytonutrients, nd the consumer: review. effect of iodine supply nd glucosinolte Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 7: degrdtion y myrosinse or copper. J. Sci. Food Duncn, D.B., 955. Multiple rnge nd F-Tests. Agri., 6: Biometrics, : -4. Slominski, B.A. nd L.D. Cmpell, 990. Non-strch Elwinger, K. nd B. Stery, 986. Continued polyscchrides of cnol mel: Quntifiction, experiments with rpeseed mel of Swedish low digestiility in poultry nd potentil enefit of dietry glucosinolte type fed to poultry.. Experiments enzyme supplementtion. J. Sci. Food Agri., 53: with roiler chickens. Swed. J. Agri. Res., Ermns, A.M., J.E. Dumont nd P.A. Bstenie, 963. Summers, J.D., M. Bedford nd D. Sptt, 990. Thyroid function in goiter endemic impirment of Interction of clcium nd sulphur in cnol nd hormone synthesis nd secretion in goitrous glnd. soyen mel diets fed to roiler chicks. Cn. J. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Met., 3: Anim Sci., 70:

6 Mroufyn nd Kermnshhi: Rpeseed Mel Supplemented with Clcium Iodte Summers, J.D., D. Sprtt nd M. Bedford, 99. Sulphur Wlling, M.A., R.L. Belye nd H.E. Tumlrson, 00. nd clcium supplementtion of soyen nd cnol mel diets. Cn. J. Anim. Sci., 7: Tnii, H., T. Tkysu., T. Highshi., S. Leny nd K. Effet of pelleting on glucosinoltes content of crme mel. Anim. Feed Sci. Tec., 99: Zng, X.P., H. Tnii, K. Koyshi, T. Higshi, Y.O. Sojoh, 004. Allylnitril: genertion from cruciferus Koshino nd K. Sijoh, 999. Behvior vegetles nd ehviorl effect on mice of normlities nd poptotic chnges in neurons in rpeseed mel exposure. Food Chem. Toxicol., 4: mice rin following single dministrtion of llylnitrile. Arch. Toxicol., 73: -30. Vn Doorn, H.E., V. Kruk, G.C. Vn Holst, G.J. Rlj, N. Postrn, E. Groeneweg nd B. Jongen, 998. The glucosinolte sinigrin nd progoitrin re the importnt determinnts for tste preference nd itterness of mustrd sprouts. J. Sci. Food Agri., 78: