Hormones by location

Transcription

1 Endocrine System

2 Hormones by location Pineal Gland: Melatonin Feeling of sleepiness Hypothalamus: Hormones that stimulate or inhibit pituitary Temp., hunger, parenting attachment, thirst

3 Pituitary Gland: Hormones by location Prolactin: milk ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone): stimulate adrenal glands GH (growth hormone): body growth TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone):stimulates thyroid

4 Pituitary Gland: Hormones by location FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone): regulates hormone production in testes and ovaries ADH (Antidiuretic hormone): tells kidneys to reabsorb water

5 Hormones by location Parathyroid Gland: Parathyroid hormone Controls calcium in our blood and bones Thyroid Gland: T3, T4 Thymus Gland: Thymosins Antibody development in childhood

6 Hormones by location Adrenal Gland: corticosteroids, epinephrine, Stress response Pancreas: Insulin Blood sugar control

7 Hormones by location Ovaries: Estrogen and Progesterone Female characteristics, reproduction Testes: Testosterone Male characteristics, reproduction

8 Endocrine System Disorders Hyposecretion: under production Treated with drug therapy Hypersecretion: over production Treated with surgery Common cause: genetic defect

9 Cretinism Hypothyroidism in infants Mental retardation, impaired growth, low body temperatures, abnormal bone formation

10 Myxedema Hypothyroidism in adults Edema, low blood levels, weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, depression, muscle or joint pain, sluggishness

11 Hyperthyroidism Graves Disease Elevated metabolic rate, abnormal wt loss, excessive perspiration, weakness and emotional instability exopthalmos- protruding eyes Goiter- enlarged goiter

12 Graves Disease

13 Addison Disease Deficiency of cortisol (adrenal glands) Muscle weakness, anorexia, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia

14 Cushing Syndrome Excessive amounts of cortisol and ACTH in the blood (adrenal glands) Wt gain, moon-shaped face, exaggerated head and trunk, thin arms and legs Hirsutism: excessive hair growth in unusual places

15 Cushing Syndrome

16 Type I Diabetes Diagnosed children and young adults Body does not produce sufficient insulin Treatment includes injection of insulin

17 Type 2 Diabetes Onset later in life Risk factors: family hx, diabetes and obesity Body is deficient in producing sufficient insulin Body is resistant to insulin action in target cells

18 Type 2 Diabetes Hyperglycemia: cell starvation, damage kidneys, eyes, nerves or heart Tx: exercise, diet, wt loss, medication

19 Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Caused: too little insulin, failure to follow a prescribed diet, physical or emotional stress or undiagnosed diabetes

20 Gestational Diabetes Diabetes develops during pregnancy Inability to metabolize carbohydrates Resolves after childbirth Increase risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes

21 Acromegaly Chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones and the face and jaw Pituitary: hypersecretion of growth hormone

22 Diuresis Increased formation and secretion of urine

23 Glucosuria Presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine

24 Hyper s & Hypo s Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypervolemia Hyponatremia

25 Thyroid Storm Crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone

26 Virile Masculine or having characteristics of a man

27 Virilism Masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the women

28 Exopthalmometry Test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball

29 Fasting Blood Glucose Test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast

30 Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Test that measures the body s ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals

31 Insulin Tolerance Test Test that determines insulin levels in serum by administering insulin and measuring blood glucose levels in blood at regular intervals

32 Thyroid Function Test (TFT) Test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

33 Thyroid Scan After injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

34 Microneurosurgery of the pituitary gland Microdissection of a tumor using a binocular surgical microscope for magnification

35 Parathyroidectomy Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

36 Thymectomy Excision of the thymus gland

37 Thyroidectomy Excision of the thyroid gland Partial- method of choice for removing a fibrous nodular thyroid Subtotal- removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism