Respiratory System. Ling Shucai
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1 Respiratory System Ling Shucai
2 General Description Ⅰ. Constituents: Respiratory tract Lungs Pleura and plural cavity Ⅱ. Function: exchange O 2 and CO 2 mainly Mediastinum
3 Respiratory tract Upper respiratory tract Nose pharynx Larynx Lower respiratory tract Trachea Bronchus branches
4 Nose 1. External nose 2. Nasal cavity -limen nasi nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity nasal septum lateral wall of nasal cavity 3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus maxillary sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
5 1. External nose
6 2. Nasal cavity 2. Nasal cavity
7 The formation of the nasal septum The longitudinal plate of ethmoid bone The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer 2 Bones, 1 Cartilage, Nasal mucous membrane: olfactory region respiratory region
8 Little region
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10 Olfactory and respiiratory region
11 3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus maxillary sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
12 The openings of the paranasal sinuses
13 Larynx 1. Position It is located at anterior part of neck, in front of 4~6 cervical vertebrae. 2. Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and their articulations. Cartilages: thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage epiglottic cartilage arytenoid cartilage (paired)
14 Thyroid cartilage Laryngeal prominence sup. cornu sup. thyroid notch lamina anterior angle inf. cornu Laminae of thyroid cartilage Anterior view posterior view
15 Arytenoid cartilages Vocal process Muscular process Vocal process Cricoid arch Cricoid cartilage Cricoid lamina Anterior view posterior view
16 Epiglottic cartilage Anterior view posterior view
17 Articulation: 1. cricothyroid joint: rotate around the coronary axis 2. cricoarytenoid joints: rotate around the vertical axis 3. conus elasticus: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament 4. quadrangular membrane: free lower border formed vestibular ligament 5. thyrohyoid membrane
18 Thyrohyoid membrane Quadrangular membrane Conus elasticus Lateral view Lateral view
19 3. Laryngeal cavity 2 flod vestibular fold vocal fold 2 fissures vestibular fissure fissure of glottis 3 parts laryngeal vestibule intermediate cavity of larynx infraglottic cavity
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22 4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis Cricothyroid, Posterior cricoarytenoid: They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
23 4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis Cricothyroid, Posterior cricoarytenoid: They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
24 4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis Cricothyroid, Posterior cricoarytenoid: They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
25 The trachea and main bronchus Bifurcation of trachea
26 Lung Position: located in the thoracic cavity, both sides of the mediastinum, above the diaphragm
27 External features: an apex a base 2 surfaces mediastinal and costal surfaces 3 borders anterior border, inferior border, posterior border
28 Fissures and lobes of the lungs: left lung 2 lobes ( by oblique fissure) superior lobe (lingula) inferior lobe right lung 3 lobes (by oblique and horizontal fissures): superior lobe middle lobe, inferior lobe
29 Hilum of lungs (medial view of the lungs) It is the center part of mediastinal surface. The arrangement of main structures as follows: from anterior to posterior--- pulmonary v., pulmonary a., main bronchus (both sides) from superior to inferior--- right lung bronchus of sup. lobe, left lung pulmonary a., pulmonary a., main bronchus, bronchus of inf. lobe, pulmonary v. pulmonary v.
30 The structures of the lung: two parts --- bronchial tree: principal bronchus--- lobar bronchi--- segmental bronchi--- bronchioles--- terminal bronchioles --- alveoli of the lung:
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33 The Segments of the lung: bronchopulmonary segments
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35 The Pleura and pleural cavities: The definition The Parts: Visceral pleura Parietal pleura---- Cupula Costal pleura Mediastinal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura costodiaphragmatic recess The pleural cavity and pleural recess : a potential space, contains a few of serous fluid; 2 pleural cavities are separated from each other by the mediastinum; They are negative pressure (to the atmospheric pressure).
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37 Cervical pleura Costai pleura Mediastinal pleura Left lung Right lung Diaphragm Diaphragmaticpleura Costodiaphragmatic recess
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40 Mediastinum The definition The divisions: 4 parts 3 parts The containts: from the left side the right site Right view Left view
41 Superior Manubrium Anterior Transverse Thoracic plane Posterior Middle Diaphragm Xiphoid process
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