The Endocrine SyStem. COMMUNICATION System

Transcription

1 The Endocrine SyStem COMMUNICATION System

2 Endocrine FACTS The endocrine system is made up of glands that release their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream. The response of hormones is slower and longer-lasting than those of nerve impulses. The effects may last up to several hours or days. These hormones help to regulate important processes throughout the body.

3 Foundations of Endocrine System Hormones: transfer information and instruction from one set of cells to the next. Many hormones run through the bloodstream but each hormone has a specific receptor Glands: group of cells that produce and secrete chemicals

4 FUNCTIONS OF ENDOCRINE Regulation of Mood Growth and Development Metabolism Tissue function Sexual function/reproductive process In charge of body process that happen slowly like cellular growth. Things that happen fast like breathing and movement are controlled by the Nervous System

5

6 Pituitary Gland Small pea-shaped gland that is hanging from the underside of the brain. The Master Gland since it produces so many of the body s hormones.

7

8 Hormones Produced by the Pituitary Gland Growth Hormone (GH) Endorphins: Reduces pain Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and helps to release milk from the milk ducts of nursing mothers.

9 Thyroid Gland A bow-tie shaped gland located in the neck just below the voice box (larynx) and around the upper part of the windpipe (trachea). HORMONE: THYROXINE FUNCTION: Thyroxine regulates metabolic rates, or the ability of cells to convert food to energy through cellular respiration.

10

11 Pancreas The pancreas is a fish-shaped gland located behind the stomach. It is considered to be an endocrine gland when it produces hormones and is also a part of the digestive system when it produces digestive enzymes HORMONE: INSULIN & GLUCAGON FUNCTION: The two work together to regulate steady levels of glucose (sugar) in the body to maintain stores of energy sources

12

13 FIGHT/FLIGHT: bodies natural reaction to stress SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE: Physiological changes in the body (increased heart rate or dilation of bronchi) in response to stress. HORMONE: Cortisol Adrenaline Noradrenaline

14 The Sympathetic Response increased heart rate increased breathing rate increased blood flow to the muscles increased blood pressure increase in the depth of breathing increasing oxygen intake release of extra glucose for more energy sweaty hands and palms

15 Adrenal Glands Two triangular-shaped glands that sit on top of each kidney. HORMONES: CORTISOL ADRENALINE NORADRENALINE (norepinephrine)

16 Functions: Cortisol Controls the rate of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Stress Hormone released during times of continuous stress. Prolonged Cortisol may negatively suppress the action of the white blood cells which makes a person more susceptible to illness.

17 Function: Adrenaline (epinephrine) makes up 80% of the secretions from the adrenal medulla. Regulate the stress (sympathetic) response or the fight or flight.

18 Noradrenaline Noradrenaline makes up 20% of the secretions from the adrenal medulla. Along with adrenaline, it helps to regulate the stress (sympathetic) response or the fight or flight.

19 Diseases and Disorders of the Endocrine System Type I Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes Mellitus Gigantism Dwarfism Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

20 Type I Diabetes Mellitus A lifelong disease occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar. Without insulin, the glucose increases in the bloodstream instead of going into the body cells where it can be used for energy which leads to increased hunger.

21 Type II Diabetes Mellitus Most common form of Diabetes Body resists or doesn t produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels Due to obesity Eating habit Can be regulated by Exercising Healthy eating habits Maintaining healthy body weight

22 Gigantism Gigantism is due to a hypersecretion of overproduction of the growth hormone during childhood resulting in a person who grows to a very large size. May be caused by a non-cancerous tumor of the pituitary gland.

23 Dwarfism Dwarfism is due to a hyposecretion or underproduction of the growth hormone during childhood resulting in a small person of normal proportions. Condition may be present at birth or develop as a result of brain injury, tumor, or other medical condition.

24 Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone. May result in mental retardation and stunted growth. Cretinism (early onset, infants & young children). Myxedema (later onset).

25 Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones. Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, restlessness, increased sweating and protruding eyes. Treatment may include removal of the thyroid with radiation or surgery and replacement of thyroid hormones.

26 CAREERS ENDOCRINOLOGIST Physician who deals with the endocrine system HEALTH EDUCATOR Educator that promote through education healthy lifestyles to ensure wellness RN/NURSE ASSISTANT Professionals the prepare and give injections, enemas, catheters and apply dressings

27 Caring for your Endocrine System Avoid Steroids To avoid disruption in normal hormone development Proper Rest Exercise Relax Repairs and maintains cellular development Maintain healthy body weight Elevates stress that could lead to disease Healthy Diet