Contents. Part A Clinical Evaluation of Laryngeal Disorders. 3 Videostroboscopy and Dynamic Voice Evaluation with Flexible Laryngoscopy...

Transcription

1 Contents Part A Clinical Evaluation of Laryngeal Disorders 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx Anatomy Laryngeal Cartilages Thyroid Cricoid Arytenoid Accessory Cartilages: Cuneiform and Corniculate Epiglottis Laryngeal Joints Cricothyroid Joint Cricoarytenoid Joint Laryngeal Musculature Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Fibroelastic Tissue of the Larynx Quadrangular Membrane Conus Elasticus Microanatomy of the Vocal Fold Vasculature Innervation Physiology Major Laryngeal Functions: Lower Airway Protection, Respiration, and Phonation Phonation Key Points Selected Bibliography Principles of Clinical Evaluation for Voice Disorders Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Gathering a Patient History History of Present Illness Past Medical History Past Surgical History Social History Occupational History Listening to the Voice Perceptual Analysis Quality-of-Life Questionnaires Professional Speaking/Singing Voice Key Points Selected Bibliography Videostroboscopy and Dynamic Voice Evaluation with Flexible Laryngoscopy Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Surgical Indications and Contraindications Dynamic Voice Assessment with Flexible Laryngoscopy Nasopharynx Base of Tongue Larynx (Global) Vocal Fold (Focal) Recording of Laryngeal Examination Key Points Selected Bibliography Pathological Conditions of the Vocal Fold Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Epithelial Pathology of the Vocal Folds Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis of the Larynx Leukoplakia of the Vocal Fold Dysplasia Carcinoma in Situ of the Vocal Folds Carcinoma of the Vocal Fold Benign Diseases of the Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Overview of Midmembranous Vocal Fold Lesions Approach to Midmembranous Vocal Fold Lesions Vocal Fold Nodules Vocal Fold Cyst (Subepithelial) Vocal Fold Cyst (Ligament) Vocal Fold Polyp Fibrous Mass (Subepithelial) Fibrous Mass (Ligament) Reactive Lesion Miscellaneous Disorders of the Vocal Fold Polypoid Corditis (Reinke s Edema) Vocal Fold Granuloma Rheumatologic Lesions of the Vocal Folds Vascular Lesions of the Vocal Folds Vocal Fold Scar and Sulcus Vocalis Key Points Selected Bibliography

2 XVIII Contents 5 Glottic Insufficiency: Vocal Fold Paralysis, Paresis, and Atrophy Introduction Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Etiology Surgical Indications and Contraindications Vocal Quality and Swallowing Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Physical Examination General Laryngeal Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Workup Serology Imaging Studies Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Treatment Unilateral/Bilateral Vocal Fold Paresis Etiology History Physical Examination Diagnostic Workup Treatment Presbylaryngis/Age-Related Changes in the Larynx General Considerations Etiology, History, and Physical Findings Workup Key Points Selected Bibliography Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis: Evaluation and Surgical Planning Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Etiology of Glottic and Subglottic (Laryngotracheal) Narrowing Common Clinical Conditions and Associated Risk Factors Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis: History Symptoms/Time Course Medical Comorbidities Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis: Physical Examination Local Anesthesia Techniques for Examination Documentation of Examination Flexible Laryngoscopy/Tracheoscopy Protocol Additional Studies for the Evaluation of Glottic/Subglottic Stenosis Voice Evaluation (VHI-10, Audio Recording) Air-Flow Measures Radiographic Studies Laboratory Testing Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis: Surgical Planning Corrective Surgical Procedures for Glottic/ Subglottic Stenosis Criteria for Endoscopic Treatment for Subglottic Stenosis Criteria for T-Tube Stenting for Subglottic Stenosis Criteria for External Treatment of Glottic/ Subglottic Stenosis Key Points Selected Bibliography Nonsurgical Treatment of Voice Disorders Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Surgical Indications and Contraindications Vocal Fold Granuloma Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders Neurologic Disorders Spasmodic Dysphonia Essential Tremor Parkinson s Disease Muscle Tension Dysphonia Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder Postviral Vagal Neuropathy Allergy and Voice Disorders Medications and Their Effects on Voice Vocal Hygiene Role of the Speech Language Pathologist in Voice Therapy Key Points Selected Bibliography Timing, Planning, and Decision Making in Phonosurgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Key Components to Successful Care of Patients with Voice Disorders Surgical Indications and Contraindications Timing of Phonomicrosurgery Preoperative Considerations for Phonomicrosurgery Decision Making in Phonosurgery Informed Consent Regarding Phonosurgery Key Points Selected Bibliography Anesthesia and Airway Management for Laryngeal Surgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Equipment Surgical Indications and Contraindications Principles of Airway Management: Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis Special Circumstances: Difficult Exposure of the Larynx Anesthesia for Laryngeal Framework Surgery Key Points Selected Bibliography

3 Contents XIX Part B Phonomicrosurgery for Benign Laryngeal Pathology I Fundamentals of Phonomicrosurgery 10 Principles of Phonomicrosurgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Surgical Indications and Contraindications Equipment for Phonomicrosurgery Phonomicrosurgery Procedures, Techniques, and Methods Anesthesia Patient Position Laryngoscope Placement Suspension Device External Counter-Pressure Telescopic Evaluation of Vocal Fold Pathology Operating Microscope and Surgeon Ergonomics Microflap Approach to Submucosal Pathology Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Perioperative Care for Phonomicrosurgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Timing of Phonomicrosurgery Surgical Indications and Contraindications Considerations for the Day of Phonomicrosurgery Postoperative Voice Rest Postoperative Voice Care Intralaryngeal Steroid Injection to Soften Postoperative Scar in the Vocal Fold Key Points Selected Bibliography Management and Prevention of Complications Related to Phonomicrosurgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Overview of Management and Prevention of Complications Related to Phonomicrosurgery Surgical Indications and Contraindications Postoperative Dysphonia Medical Complications Associated with Phonomicrosurgery Key Points Selected Bibliography Principles of Laser Microlaryngoscopy Fundamental and Related Chapters Laser Physics Wavelength Tissue Interaction Delivery Systems Types of Laser Surgical Indications and Contraindications Equipment: Laser Microlaryngoscopy Setup CO 2 Laser Safety Guidelines General Guidelines (Fig. 13.1) CO 2 Laser Settings Safety Protocol Surgical Principles Smoke Evacuation Protecting Surrounding Tissue from Laser Damage Maintenance of a Clean Surgical Field Complications and Their Treatments Laser Fire Tracheal Perforation Key Points Selected Bibliography Principles of Vocal Fold Augmentation Fundamental and Related Chapters Vocal Fold Augmentation: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Clinical Utility Surgical Indications and Contraindications Characteristics of Vocal Fold Augmentation Materials Overview Categories of Vocal Fold Augmentation Materials Description of Vocal Fold Augmentation Materials Characteristics General Principles of Vocal Fold Augmentation Key Points Selected Bibliography II Phonomicrosurgical Voice Procedures 15 Vocal Fold Polyp Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedures Postoperative Care/Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Vocal Fold Nodules Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure

4 XX Contents 16.6 Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Vocal Fold Cyst and Vocal Fold Fibrous Mass Fundamental and Related Chapters Diagnostic Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Polypoid Corditis Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Vocal Fold Granuloma Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Vocal Fold Leukoplakia and Hyperkeratosis Fundamental and Related Chapters Diagnostic Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis of the Larynx Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Surgical Management of Vocal Fold Vascular Lesions Fundamental and Related Chapters Diagnostic Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis of Vocal Fold Varicosities Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Vocal Fold Scar and Sulcus Vocalis Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Endoscopic Management of Teflon Granuloma Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Endoscopic Excision of Saccular Cyst Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure for Saccular Cyst Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Anterior Glottic Web Fundamental and Related Chapters

5 Contents XXI 26.2 Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography III Laser Microlaryngeal Surgery (Airway/Neoplastic Conditions) 27 Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indication and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Posterior Glottic Stenosis: Endoscopic Approach Fundamental and Related Chapters Diagnostic Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care Key Points Selected Bibliography Subglottic/Tracheal Stenosis: Laser/ Endoscopic Management Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications T-Tube Stenting of SGS Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care Special Considerations in T-Tube Stenting Key Points Selected Bibliography Carcinoma of the Vocal Fold Fundamental and Related Chapters IV Laryngeal Injection Techniques 31 Vocal Fold Augmentation via Direct Microlaryngoscopy Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics Material Selection Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Principles of Deep Vocal Fold Augmentation Vocal Fold Augmentation via Microlaryngoscopy Endoscopic Vocal Fold Injection Lipoinjection of the Vocal Fold Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Superficial Vocal Fold Injection Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Peroral Vocal Fold Augmentation in the Clinic Setting Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Suitability for Peroral Vocal Fold Augmentation in the Clinic Setting Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography

6 XXII Contents 34 Percutaneous Vocal Fold Augmentation in the Clinic Setting Fundamentals and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Suitability for Percutaneous Vocal Fold Augmentation in the Clinic Setting Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Botulinum Toxin Injection of the Larynx Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Botulinum Toxin Fundamentals Spasmodic Dysphonia and Essential Tremor Different Botulinum Toxin Injection Approaches Surgical Indications and Contraindications Equipment Procedure Postprocedure Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Part C Laryngeal Framework Surgery 36 Principles of Laryngeal Framework Surgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Introduction Surgical Indications and Contraindications Medialization Laryngoplasty Arytenoid Adduction Cricothyroid Subluxation Patient Selection for Laryngeal Framework Surgery Timing of Medialization Laryngoplasty Technical Notes and Pertinent Anatomic Landmarks for Medialization Laryngoplasty 232 Key Points Selected Bibliography Perioperative Care for Laryngeal Framework Surgery Fundamental and Related Chapters Perioperative Issues in Laryngeal Framework Surgery Surgical Indications and Contraindications Suboptimal Results/Surgical Errors Revision Surgery Long-Term Surgical Issues Key Points Selected Bibliography Silastic Medialization Laryngoplasty for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgery Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography GORE-TEX Medialization Laryngoplasty Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Arytenoid Adduction Fundamental and Related Chapters Fundamentals of Arytenoid Adduction Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Cricothyroid Subluxation Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Bibliography Translaryngeal Removal of Teflon Granuloma Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis

7 Contents XXIII 42.3 Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Excision of Combined Laryngocele Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Anatomy and Classification Clinical Presentation and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Repair of Laryngeal Fracture Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis: Laryngotracheal Reconstruction with Grafting Fundamental and Related Chapters Disease Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis: Cricotracheal Resection with Primary Anastomosis Fundamental and Related Chapters Diagnostic Characteristics for Open Treatment of Subglottic Stenosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Management Key Points Selected Bibliography Tracheal Stenosis: Tracheal Resection with Primary Anastomosis Fundamental and Related Chapters Background Information and Diagnosis of Tracheal Stenosis Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography The Gray Minithyrotomy for Vocal Fold Scar/Sulcus Vocalis Fundamental and Related Chapters General Considerations Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Equipment Surgical Procedure Postoperative Care and Complications Key Points Selected Bibliography Subject Index

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