Development Dialogue on the World Development Report 2012 October 10, 2011 Johannesburg, South Africa

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1 Development Dialogue on the World Development Report 2012 October 10, 2011 Johannesburg, South Africa Ruth Kagia, South Africa World Bank Country Director

2 Compounded by historical legacy Policy/institutional foundations strong but implementation and 2 nd generation issues a challenge We are at a unique moment in history that if seized could change course of gender equality in SA

3 This is the essence of the WDR because investing in gender equality is a wise investment: the gateway to family welfare, inter-generational benefits, educate a woman you educate a nation. smart economics: 50% of a nations skill & talent pool, key to its competitiveness. Good for business: women better at building teams, prudent investors. Greater gender diversity on boards is associated with better indicators of organizational excellence. leads to sustainable development: nations that promote more equal opportunities for men and women also have higher growth, lower poverty, and better development outcomes.

4 Race and class Spatial segregation Overall structure of economy and high unemployment Broken family structure

5

6 IN EDUCATION Percentage of population aged 18 to 29 years in Tertiary Institutions (2011) IN ACCESS TO FINANCE 94% 88% 17.40% 11.70% 38% 22% 3.50% 3.70% African Population Group Colored Population Group Indian/Asian Population Group While Population Group Population with bank accounts Ability to reach bank in ten Women From the African Population minutes Women from the White Population

7 Unemployment rate (broad) Q2 2010Q3 2010Q4 2011Q1 2011Q Total Female Male Female discouraged worker Male discouraged worker

8 Children (0-17) living with both biological parents (35%) % of Children with Fathers Present 85% 83% Children (0-17) living with mother only (40%) Children (0-17) living with neither biological parent (23%) 30% 53% Children (0-17) living with grand parents (8%) Total number of orphans (3.95 million, 1.4 m AIDs orphans) African Coloured Indian White

9 Quality of participation: 5.5 million businesses with 6 million owners. 58 percent are held by women. 75 percent of the women do not add value to the products they deal with, only 6 percent of business employs more than 5 people, only 17 percent of the businesses are registered, which becomes an issue when applying for finance. (gender links 2011 Nature of employment: In 2009 for every 100 men in the construction industry, there were about 13 women Urban-Rural Divide: Maternal mortality and violence against women are more prevalent in rural areas, rural women have less access to productive assets

10 HALF FULL HALF EMPTY Highly progressive constitutional framework Gender parity in education women make up 51.3% of the country s population, 45.1% of the working population, 21.6% of executive managers, 15.8% directorships and 9.6% CEOs and Chairs (BWA 2011) SA has one of the most generous maternity leave provisions (up to 26 weeks of unpaid leave) Generous social grants to caregivers On voice & participation SA ranked top ten globally women constitute 43% of cabinet o o Highest per capita expenditure on health in SSA ($748 pa) yet maternal mortality rate increased from deaths for 100,000 live births. Feminization of HIV/AIDs triple jeopardy of AIDS, women as people infected with HIV, as mothers of infected children, and as care givers to infected family members female homicide rate six times the global average, and 50% of these women are killed by partners. 28% of men admit to having raped

11 Changes accelerate when action is comprehensive and integrated e.g. reducing distance to school, bringing water to homes, increasing returns to girls education. Progress is faster where economic growth is broad based and sustained over time Context-specific policy solutions that address specific bottlenecks e.g. bringing jobs closer to workers, promoting jobs that benefit women such as garment industry, or financial literacy and financial products that directly address women s needs. e.g. alternative collateral systems. NB Minister Dipuo Peters solar energy program Transformational regulation e.g. corporate quotas designed to increase female representation, which in turn can change perceptions of women s performance and create role models. NB BWA census of the JSE

12 New Growth path how many of the 5m jobs to be created will benefit women and what institutional and policy changes need to be made to make this feasible? Vision 2030 genderize the vision New census disaggregate data to better inform policy Strong and vocal gender networks which could be more effectively coordinated There is a tide in the affairs of men. Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries. On such a full sea are we now afloat, And we must take the current when it serves, Or lose our ventures. Julius Caesar Act 4, scene 3

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