Child and Adult Nutrition

Transcription

1 Children in Egypt 2015 A STATISTICAL DIGEST Chapter 5 Child and Adult Nutrition

2 Children in Egypt 2015 Children in Egypt 2015 is a statistical digest produced by UNICEF Egypt to present updated and quality data on major dimensions of child well-being. This chapter contains statistics on the status of Children in Egypt 2015 in Egypt including information on breastfeeding practises by mothers, under-nutrition among young children and overweight and obesity among adolescents and adults. The statistics featured in this chapter are from national official sources. Data presented in this chapter are those available to UNICEF Egypt up to June 2015 and refer to 2015 and/or previous years. The data may be used for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, using the following citation: UNICEF Children in Egypt: a statistical digest, UNICEF Egypt, Cairo, Egypt The complete publication can be accessed at: United Nations Children's Fund, Egypt. June 2015 United Nations Children's Fund, Egypt 87, Misr Helwan Agricultural Road, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt Telephone: (20-2) Fax: (20-2) Website: Cover Photo UNICEF/2006/Pirozzi The content presented in this publication does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations Children s Fund.

3 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION List of Tables Child nutrition Table 5.01: Prevalence of stunting (moderate and severe) among children under-five, by background characteristics, Table 5.02: Prevalence of severe stunting among children under-five, by background characteristics, Table 5.03: Prevalence of wasting (moderate and severe) among children under-five, by background characteristics, Table 5.04: Prevalence of severe wasting among children under-five, by background characteristics, Table 5.05: Proportion of children under-five who are underweight (moderate and severe) by background characteristics, Table 5.06: Proportion of severely underweight children under-five, by background characteristics, Table 5.07: Prevalence of any kind of anemia among children aged 6-59 months, by background characteristics, 2014 Table 5.08: Percentage distribution of households not using salt and of households using iodised salt, by residence, Breastfeeding Table 5.09: Percentage of children under two years who were ever breastfed, by background characteristics, Table 5.10: Percentage of children under-two years who were breastfed within the first hour and the first day of life, by background characteristics, Table 5.11: Prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding among newborns, by background characteristics, Table 5.12: Percentage of children aged 0-5 months and 4-5 months who were exclusively breastfed and the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding for all children under 3, by background characteristics, 2000, 2008 and 2014 Table 5.13: Feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months, by breastfeeding status and background characteristics, 2014 Adolescent malnutrition Table 5.14: Percentage of adolescents aged 5-19 years who are overweight and obese, by gender and by background characteristics, 2014 Table 5.15: Prevalence of any kind of anaemia among adolescents aged 5-19 years, by background characteristics, 2014 Adult malnutrition Table 5.16: Percentage of adults aged years who are overweight or obese, by background characteristics, 2008 Table 5.17: Percentage of adults aged who are obese, by background characteristics, 2008 Table 5.18: Prevalence of any kind of anaemia among ever married women aged 15-49, by background characteristics,

4 Children in Egypt 2015 CHILD NUTRITION Table 5.01 Prevalence of stunting (moderate and severe) among children under-five, by background characteristics, Total By child age (in months) under 6 months By gender Males Females Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Data for 2000 and 2005 are from the DHS Stat Compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Stunting is a measure of chronic malnutrition; it reflects inadequate nutrition over a long period of time, or effects of recurrent or chronic illnesses. The stunting rate is the percentage of children under-five whose height-for-age is below minus 2 standard deviations (for moderate and severe stunting) and minus 3 standard deviations (for severe stunting) from the median height-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards

5 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.02 Prevalence of severe stunting among children under-five, by background characteristics, Total By child age (in months) under 6 months By gender Males Females Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Data for 2000 and 2005 are from the DHS Stat Compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Stunting is a measure of chronic malnutrition; it reflects inadequate nutrition over a long period of time, or the effects of recurrent or chronic illnesses. The stunting rate is the percentage of children under-five whose height-for-age is below minus 2 standard deviations (for moderate and severe stunting) and minus 3 standard deviations (for severe stunting) from the median height-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards

6 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.03 Prevalence of wasting (moderate and severe) among children under-five, by background characteristics, Total By child age (in months) under 6 months By gender Males Females Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Data for 2000 and 2005 are from the DHS Stat Compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Wasting is a measure of current acute (rather than chronic) malnutrition, which may reflect acute food shortage or recent episodes of illness. The wasting rate is the percentage of children under-five whose weight-for-height is below minus 2 standard deviations (for moderate and severe wasting) and minus 3 standard deviations (for severe wasting) from the median weight-for-height of the WHO Child Growth Standards

7 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.04 Prevalence of severe wasting among children under-five, by background characteristics, Total By child age (in months) under 6 months ` By gender Males Females Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Data for 2000 and 2005 are from the DHS Stat Compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Wasting is a measure of current acute (rather than chronic) malnutrition, which may reflect acute food shortage or recent episodes of illness. The wasting rate is the percentage of children under-five whose weight-for-height is below minus 2 standard deviations (for moderate and severe wasting) and minus 3 standard deviations (for severe wasting) from the median weight-for-height of the WHO Child Growth Standards

8 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.05 Proportion of children under-five who are underweight (moderate and severe) by background characteristics, Total By child age (in months) Under 6 months By gender Males Females Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Data for 2000 and 2005 are from the DHS Stat Compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Underweight reflects both acute and chronic malnutrition. The underweight rate is the percentage of children under-five whose weight-for-age is below minus 2 standard deviations (for moderate and severe underweight) and minus 3 standard deviations (for severe underweight) from the median weight-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards

9 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.06 Proportion of severely underweight children under-five, by background characteristics, Total By child age (in months) under 6 months By gender Males Females Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Data for 2000 and 2005 are from the DHS Stat Compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Underweight reflects both acute and chronic malnutrition. The underweight rate is the percentage of children under-five whose weight-for-age is below minus 2 standard deviations (for moderate and severe underweight) and minus 3 standard deviations (for severe underweight) from the median weight-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards

10 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.07 Prevalence of any kind of anemia among children aged 6-59 months, by background characteristics, (percentages) Total 27.2 Age (in months) By gender Males 27.2 Females 27.3 Urban 23.1 Rural 29.2 Urban Governorates 21.4 Lower Egypt 27.5 Urban Lower Egypt 25.1 Rural Lower Egypt 28.1 Upper Egypt 27.9 Urban Upper Egypt 22.0 Rural Upper Egypt 30.2 Frontier Governorates 44.5 By mother education No education 27.8 Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher 26.3 Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Note: Anaemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood. The prevalence of any kind of anaemia (i.e. from mild to severe) is the percentage of children aged 6-59 months with haemoglobin concentration below the cut-off point of 11 grams per litre of blood. Data do not include North Sinai and South Sinai. 8

11 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.08 Percentage distribution of households not using salt and, among the household with salt, percentage of households using iodized salt, by residence, Households with no salt Households using iodized salt Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2005, 2008 and Data for 2005 and 2008 are from the stat compiler: < Accessed in May Note: Data refer to the percentage of households not using salt and, among the households with salt, the percentage of households using iodized salt. 9

12 Children in Egypt 2015 BREASTFEEDING Table 5.09 Percentage of children under-two who were ever breastfed, by background characteristics, Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By mother education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Data disaggregated by wealth quintiles for 2000 are from the DHS Stat compiler, < Accessed in May Note: Data refer to the percentage of children born in the 2-year period before the survey who were ever breastfed. Data for 2000, 2005 and 2008 refer to children born in the 5 years preceding the survey. 10

13 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.10 Percentage of children under-two who were breastfed within the first hour and the first day of life, by background characteristics, Within 1 hour from birth Within 1 day from birth Within 1 hour from birth Within 1 day from birth Within 1 hour from birth (percentage among children who were breastfed) Within 1 day from birth Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By mother education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2005, 2008, and Note: Data refer to the percentage of last-born children who were ever breastfed and who began breastfeeding within one hour and within one day of birth. Data are for children born in the 2 years before the survey. Data for 2005 and 2008 refer to children born in the 5 years preceding the survey. 11

14 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.11 Prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding among newborns, by background characteristics, (percentage among breastfed children) Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By mother education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005, 2008 and Note: Data refer to the percentage of last-born children in the two years preceding the survey who were ever breastfed and who received something other than breast milk during the first three days of life before their mother started to breastfeed them regularly. Data for 2000, 2005 and 2008 refer to children born in the 5 years preceding the survey. 12

15 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.12 Percentage of children aged 0-5 months and 4-5 months who were exclusively breastfed and the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding for all children under three, by background characteristics, 2000, 2008 and 2014 Children exclusively breastfed Children aged 0-5 months (i.e. under 6 months) Children aged 4-5 months (months) Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By mother education No Education Some Primary Primary Complete/some Secondary Secondary complete/some Higher Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2008 and Data on exclusive breastfeeding for children aged 0-5 months for 2000 are from the DHS stat compiler, < Accessed in May Note: The percentage of children aged 0-5 and 4-5 months who are exclusively breastfed refers to the share of infant who receive only breast milk. No other liquids or solids are given-not even water-with the exception of oral rehydration solution, or drops/syrups of vitamins, minerals or medicines. 13

16 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.13 Feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months, by breastfeeding status and background characteristics, Breastfed children Non-breastfed children All children Fed 4+ food groups and minimum times or more Fed with 3 IYCF practices Fed with 3 IYCF practices Total Urban Rural Urban governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier governorates Mother s education No education Primary Secondary More than secondary Wealth quintile Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Note: Data refer to the percentage of last born children aged 6-23 months living with their mother who are fed according to 3 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices based on the number of food groups received and number of times they were fed meals during the past 24 hours. Breastfed children are considered as being fed appropriately if they consume at least three food groups1 and receive food or liquids other than breast milk at least twice per day in the case of infants 6-8 months and at least three times in the case of children 9-23 months. Non-breastfed children are considered to be fed appropriately if they consumed four food groups including milk products and are fed at least four times per day. Food groups include 1) infant formula, milk other than breast milk, cheese or yogurt or other milk products; 2) foods made from grains, roots, and tubers, including porridge and, fortified baby food from grains, 3) vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (and red palm oil); d) other fruits and vegetables; 4) eggs; 5) meat, poultry, fish, and shellfish (and organ meats); 6) legumes and nuts and 7) foods made with oil, fat, butter. The minimum number of times means at least twice a day for breastfed infants aged 6-8 months and at least 3 times a day for breastfed children aged 9-23 months. Data do not include North Sinai and South Sinai. 14

17 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION ADOLESCENT MALNUTRITION Table 5.14 Percentage of adolescents aged 5-19 years who are overweight and obese, by background characteristics, 2014 Males Females Overweight Obese Overweight Obese Total By child age (in years) Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By mother education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Note: The measure employed for assessing the nutritional status of never-married adolescents aged 5-19 is the body mass index (BMI). The BMI measures are derived for boys and girls using height and weight data which are compared to an international reference population, the WHO Growth Reference for School-Aged Children and Adolescents. The overweight category includes also those who are obese (i.e. it covers overweight and obesity). Data do not include North Sinai and South Sinai. 15

18 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.15 Prevalence of any kind of anaemia among adolescents aged 5-19 years, by background characteristics, 2014 Males Females Total Age in years Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By mother education No education Some primary Primary complete/some secondary Secondary complete/higher Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Note: Anaemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood. The prevalence of any kind of anemia (i.e. from mild to severe) is the percentage of adolescents with hemoglobin concentration below the age and gender-specific cut-off points reported on pages 165/166 of the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Data do not include North Sinai and South Sinai. 16

19 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION ADULT MALNUTRITION Table 5.16 Percentage of adults aged years who are overweight or obese, by background characteristics, 2008 Males 2008 Females Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By level of education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Note: The rate of overweight or obesity is the percentage of individuals with a Body Mass Index equal to or higher than

20 Children in Egypt 2015 Table 5.17 Percentage of adults aged who are obese, by background characteristics, 2008 Males Females Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates By level of education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, Note: The rate of obesity is the percentage of individuals with a Body Mass Index equal to or higher than

21 CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION Table 5.18 Prevalence of any kind of anaemia among ever married women aged 15-49, by background characteristics, Total Urban Rural Urban Governorates Lower Egypt Urban Lower Egypt Rural Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Urban Upper Egypt Rural Upper Egypt Frontier Governorates Education No education Primary incomplete Primary complete, some sec Sec. complete, higher Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest Source: Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, 2000, 2005 and Note: Anaemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood. The prevalence of any kind of anemia (i.e. from mild to severe) is the percentage of women aged with hemoglobin concentration below the cut-off points reported on page 167 of the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey,