Role of ICT to Promote Gender Equality in Bangladesh
|
|
- Melina Blake
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 7 th IPID International Annual Conference Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) September 5-6, 2012; Kristiansand, Norway. Role of ICT to Promote Gender Equality in Bangladesh Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan Örebro University, Sweden ABSTRACT Gender equality promotion has been influenced by the utilization of ICT to empower socially discriminated women in the context of Bangladesh. This paper highlights the role of ICT to promote gender equality through the gender equality conceptual framework. A literature review has been adopted to conduct this study. The finding of this study shows that ICT has some potential roles towards gender equality by empowering discriminating women in the socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. The utilization of ICT influences discriminated women to achieve individual satisfaction, independency and decision making role through economic participation to the household. ICT also enables the women to acquire education, knowledge and skills to earn a socially respectful reorganization. KEY WORDS Gender equality, Gender equality through ICT, Gender equality in Bangladesh, Women empowerment, Women empowerment through ICT.
2 INTRODUCTION Gender refers to men and women by the socially constructed classification. Gender is determined by the conception of attributes such as tasks, functions and roles to women and men in the society rather biological characteristics of women and men. Roles and norms of gender are formed by both men and women through their activities. Gender equality refers that both the women and men have the rights to enjoy the same status through equal rights, responsibilities, opportunities, benefits, treatment and evaluation of performance of women and men (UCEP, 2012). Once again the issue of gender equality became a significant issue on the global agenda during the last twentieth century. An initiative has been taken towards the integration of women into the national development where the women have a long history of discrimination on their human rights. After the end of Second World War, an optimism flourished that the world could be rebuild to eliminate poverty, injustice and ignorance through the improvement of women s live as an inevitable part of development. However, in many places across the world women s lives remain wretched. There are substantial gender gaps have been observed in the household responsibilities, limited access to educational opportunities and economic resources (Inglehart, & Norris, 2003). Bangladesh is considering one of the world s most density populated country within 150 million of population where 49 percent of the population live under the national poverty line (THP, 2012). Among the earning person in the household 10% are women followed by 90% of men earner. Women constitute the half (49%) of the population of Bangladesh. Therefore, women s participation is necessary on the achievement of comprehensive, sustainable social and economic development of Bangladesh (BBS, 2008). Islam is the state religion in Bangladesh where the majority (88%) populations of the country are following Islamic believes. The reminders are Hindus and small communities of Buddhists and Christians religions (The Bangladesh Travel Guide, 2012). There are no legal restrictions on gender to provide the freedom of women to access public space. However, the activities of women are usually limited to their home, relatives and local areas due to the discriminatory of social norms (SIGI, 2012).
3 Bangladesh is a developing country where the development would be impossible unless promoting gender equality and integrated women in the mainstream development process (UCEP, 2012). Bangladesh Government has distinct commitments on the policy to the promotion of gender equality by elimination of sex discrimination and advancement of women (CARE Bangladesh, 2000). In the context of Bangladesh regarding gender issue, it is not surprising that significant disparities exists between men and women related to the access of education and skills training rather it is surprising that a very little progress has so far been made towards the alleviating of gender inequalities and discriminatory practices exist in Bangladesh (UCEP, 2012). According to Aurumurthy (2004), technologies are neither gender independent nor culture neutral. In the information society gender issue covers a wide spectrum. Integrating gender perspectives and plan for gender equality into national ICT policies, promoting gender responsive e-governance, effective use of ICT to the discriminated women are some of the issues. Hence, the gender issues have gained a prominence in the recent debates on the field of ICT. Chen (2004) argues that a well established ICT infrastructure or high level of ICT availability can lead and accelerate to the improvements in gender equality in several ways. For example, ICT have the potentiality to influencing public opinion on gender equality, increasing educational opportunities for females, increasing economic opportunities for socially discriminated women. The study is aiming to identify the potentiality of ICT intervention to accelerate the promotion of gender equality in the context of Bangladesh. Therefore, the research question of the study is What is the role of ICT to promote gender equality in Bangladesh? In order to operationalize this research question, the objectives of this study are addressed to identify the role of ICT towards gender equality in Material, Cognitive, Perceptual, Relational and Technological change through the intervention of ICT. The paper is organized as follows. Conceptual framework has described through literature, methodology explains the adopted research approach and data collection, data analyzing technique. Results and Discussion section presents the research findings and analysis of it in line with research objective and conceptual framework to answer the research question. And finally conclusion section wraps up the research aim and objective along with major findings.
4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Since promoting of gender equality is a critical understanding and complex entity to measure, the conceptual model of Laizu et al. (2010) is considering appropriate. The framework has been developed for South East Asian countries to empowering women towards promoting gender equality through the interventions of ICT. Figure 1 presents the independent variables of women behavior such as personal characteristics (Education level, Age) together with motivation level (Information Type, Purpose of Involvement and Access Level) which has a variation between each person. These independent variables are affecting dependent variables (Material, Cognitive, Perceptual, Relational and Technological change). For example, an educated woman can learn ICT skills and acquire knowledge more easily than the woman who has no education and therefore can perceive changes. Similarly, the rest of the variables - age, purpose of involvement in ICT project, ICT access and information type affects women s skill and knowledge though ICT intervention to women empowerment towards promote gender equality (Laizu et al. 2010). Figure 1: Conceptual Model to promote gender equality (Laizu et al. 2010).
5 The 4 dependent variables of the conceptual model adopted from Chan (1997) consolidate framework which defines Material, Cognitive, Perceptual and Relational change through the intervention of ICT. The technological change has defined by Lennie s (2002) rural woman empowerment model. Material Change: Through the material pathway a changes has come towards the access or control over material resources. For example, in the earning capacity, in the level of income, in the satisfaction of basic needs. Cognitive Change: Though the cognitive pathway the changes has come into the level of knowledge, skills or awareness of wider environment. Perceptual Change: Individual confidence level, future vision as well as changes in recognition and respect by others are experienced through perceptual pathway. Relational Change: Through the relational pathway changes has come in the dependency on other, bargaining power, decision making role, participation in non-family groups. Technological Change: Technological change has come through the access of information, knowledge, skills and resources and their potential benefits and impacts. METHODOLOGY The methodology adopted to write this paper is literature study. Articles, development reports and social development web portal have been utilized to write this paper. Various literatures has been reviewed from data bases by typing key word entitled Gender equality, Gender equality through ICT, Gender equality in Bangladesh, Women empowerment, Women empowerment through ICT. We utilized three databases Google scholar, LibHub library, Science Direct, Senior Scholar s Basket of Journal (European Journal of Information System, Information Systems Journal, Information System Research, Journal of AIS, Journals of MIS, and MIS Quarterly) and Google search engine for our topic to find literatures.
6 The inclusion criteria of the selected articles, report and websites solely depend on gender equality and women empowerment through ICT. The required data has been retrieved through inclusion criteria. Articles and reports are categorized by the interference of ICT in the gender equality and women empowerment. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Education is an independent characteristic of each human which has significant importance in order to improve gender equality among the general population of Bangladesh. Education is considering a quality of each human to reduce gender inequality to wide their views, reduce ethnocentricity and thus improve the flexibility towards accepting modern society and norms. Female education has been discriminating in the gender biased society of Bangladesh that dictate solely domestic roles for women reasoning lack of educational institute. ICT has the potentiality to enable the women to obtain and improve their skills through some innovative ways. For example, ICT allows several types and levels of education system which can be acquired through distance learning process. The women who are facing social barriers to accesses the educational institute, distance learning via ICT is a promising educational approach for them to provide flexibility of accessing education (Chen, 2004). The ICT enabled electronic application are mostly attracting the younger generation where the older population of the society are less enthusiastic to the new technology. According to (Bonder, 2002), it is widely admitted that ICT field is an influenced area by gender and maturity perspective. In the context of Bangladesh, the ICTs education and training programs for developing economic socio-cultural environment is among particularly the involvement of younger generation. The type of information engaging with the utilization of ICT is an important factor to empower women through the development of gender equality. According to Huyer (2004), ICT project planning and implementation for social development on the way of gender equality have to consider the developing of content which speaks to the concern of discriminated women reflecting upon their knowledge valued for their daily lives, business enterprises and family responsibilities.
7 A shift has been given more recently from the emphasis on women as objects of information to a focus on women as controllers of information toward the development of gender equality. That is not only changing the way of women talked about, but also enabling more women particularly marginalized women to create their own information and spread this information via the ICT technologies (Burch, S. & Leon, I., 2000). The term Gender Divide has also been identified along with the recognition of the potential of ICT as tool for the promotion of gender equality through empowerment of the women. In terms of the opportunities of accessing and utilizing ICT, women are lacking behind the men in the current societies of Bangladesh. There is a high risk that ICT may intensify the existing gender inequalities and create a new form of inequality by discriminate the access of ICTs (Dalal, 2006). However, if the gender dimensions of ICT regarding the access and use of ICT, capacity-building opportunities, employment and potential for women empowerment are explicitly identified and addressed, ICT can be a potential channel for the gender equality in the context of Bangladesh societies (Sandys, 2005). While the socially discriminated women have the opportunities of access and use of ICT, they can significantly improve their lives by breaking the socio-cultural barriers exist in the current context of Bangladesh. More opportunities can be generated via ICT to promote women to participate in the development of education though e-learning, health through e- health services, financial support though internet marketing as well as participation in the policy making process. The independent variables of women such as education level, maturity level, type of information, purpose of access and access level are influenced by different role of ICT and affects dependent variables. The interventions with various roles of ICT in the women s daily lives can change their life in terms of material, cognitive, perceptual, relational and technological change towards gender equality. Material Change: The utilization of ICT enables the socially discriminated women to participate in the economy and margined the income level together with socially dominated men. The earning
8 capacity of women stands behind the construction of their individual satisfaction on their basic needs. In the past history of Bangladesh women were considered only for household work and they were excluded from mainstream of the development. In today s the scenario and sociocultural environment has not extensively diverse from the earlier situation. But through the advent and development of ICT the socially conservative outlook about women is diminishing gradually. As a consequence more women are participating in various knowledge based industries such as computer-aided designing, graphic designing, composing, online free lancing etc (Ahmed et al., 2006). Cognitive Change: In the context of Bangladesh women are discriminating to acquire knowledge and skills by the socio-cultural barrier. They have lack of knowledge and awareness of the wider environment because of the limited involvement to the outside environments. The utilization of ICT enables the women to earn knowledge and skills by e-learning and be aware of the wider environment by participating and involvement through various ICT applications. The activities of mass media have up righted the women position in the ICT sector all the more. Various sort of ICT based advertisement, cartoons; telecasting, broadcasting projects are operating to improve female awareness in the society. Women are not more lack in knowledge and skills to fitting themselves in the right place which is positively highlighting the influences of ICT (Ahmed et al., 2006) Perceptual Change: Traditionally, the Bangladeshi women are considered for only family interests as their own well-being interests (Kabeer, 1991). The women are struggling with individual confidence level and lack of future vision because of being isolated from the outer world as their interests are limited to the house hold oriented. The utilization of ICT provides the women a respectful recognized to the outer world. For example, women are involving ICT oriented education for better employment to make a socially respected and recognized position which improve their individual confidence level and wide their future vision.
9 Relational Change: The role of women in the family affairs particularly in the decision-making process are no longer been ignored. Now-a-days women are able to earn for their family by means of ICT. This substantial revenue in the family economy has elevated the position of women in their own households and the society they belongs to (Ahmed et al., 2006). The women in the context of Bangladesh are mostly dependent on the other persons in the household to meet their basic financial needs. The earning capacity of women through ICT oriented employment eliminated their dependency on other person in the house hold. Therefore, a bargaining power has come to the women which consider their role in decision making process in the household. Technological Change: In the framework of Bangladesh women are ignored towards the access of information, new knowledge, skills and resources. Wajcman (1991) argues that an important factor in the gender equality through the empowerment of discriminated women is the development of knowledge and skills that enhance their technical competence and expertise. Through the access and utilization of ICT the women can have effective information about their lives and be compatible with the new technology to achieve its effectiveness. According to Lennie (2002), technological empowerment increasing women s internet use to access government information and important information about social, economical and environmental awareness issues. Internet surfing provides the opportunity to the information discriminated women to have important government information via government web portal as well as online newspaper and other web portals provides them the effective information on the national and global environment.
10 In summary, based on the above discussion, we can present the following findings: Table 1: Summary of the role of ICT towards promoting gender equality. Material Change ICT plays a vital role towards the margined of economy by providing earning capacity to the socially discriminated women together with socially dominated men. Through the economic participation on the mainstream development of household women have their individual satisfaction to their basic needs. Cognitive Change ICT influences the discriminated women s knowledge and skills by their ICT-based involvement to the outer world. E-learning and various types of ICT based advertisement, cartoons, telecasting and broadcasting enables the women to obtain effective knowledge and skills on their social environment. Perceptual Change ICT utilization promotes the gender equality by providing discriminated women to a socially reorganization and respect to the outer world beyond their household interest. The socially isolated women have their individual confidence and future vision through the ICT based involvement to the outer world environment. Relational Change ICT enables the discriminated women to a bargaining position in the decision-making process. The substantial revenue by means of ICT in the family economy has elevated the position of women in their own households and the society they belongs to. As well as the earning capacity of women through ICT oriented employment eliminated their dependency on other person in the house hold. Technological Change ICT plays an important role on the way of promote gender equality by providing access of information, knowledge, skills and resource to the discriminated women to enhance their technical competence and expertise on the new technology.
11 CONCLUSION On the way of promoting gender equality in the context of Bangladesh women empowerment through the utilization of ICT is a highlighted issue where men are dominated to women in every spare of life. The aim of the study is to reveal the role of ICT to promoting gender equality in Bangladesh through literature study. Based on the discussion regarding the variables of gender equality conceptual framework we can conclude that ICT has a potential role towards the promotion of gender equality in the context of Bangladesh. The utilization of ICT enables the socially discriminated women to participate in the economy of household and achieve individual satisfaction to their basic needs. ICT has a strong contribution towards women s knowledge, skills and social awareness acquirement via e-learning. The socially isolated women have the opportunity to earn their social respectful reorganization, confidence, future vision through ICT involvement to the wider environment. Substantial revenue by means of ICT has elevated the position of women in their own households and the society they belongs to which eliminate their dependence and provide them a bargaining power in the decision making process. ICT plays an important role by providing access of information, knowledge, skills and resource to the discriminated women to enhance their technical competence and expertise on the new technology. Limitation of this study is that the study is based on literature review. For time and distance constraint the study could not integrated survey or interview technique into the data analysis. The findings of this study are based on the retrieved information from previous research on the gender equality and women empowerment. This study suggests the future researcher to integrated survey or interview data collection technique into the data analysis.
12 REFERENCE Ahmed, A., Islam, D., Hasan, A.R. and Rahman, N.J. (2006). Measuring the impact of ICT on women in Bangladesh. BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2008). Gender Statistics of Bangladesh. Available Accessed on 04 June Bonder, G. (2002). From access to appropriation: Women and ICT policies in Latin American and the Caribbean Burch, S. & Leon, I., (2000). Directions for Women s Advocacy on ICT: Putting New Technologies on the Gender Agenda. CARE Bangladesh (2000). Gender Policy. Available Accessed on 04 June Chen, D.H.C. (2004). Gender Equality and Economic Development: The Role for Information and Communication Technologies. Chen, M. A. (1997). A Guide for Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services at the Individual Level. Dalal, P. (2006). Use of ICT for Women Empowerment in India. Perry4law, Law Firm, New Delhi, India Gurumurthy, A. (2004). Gender and ICTs. Institute of Development Studies. ISBN Huyer, S. (2004). Gender Equity and Science and Technology Knowledge and Policy at the International Level Inglehart, B. & Norris, P. (2003). Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. Cambridge University Press. Kabeer, N. (1991). Gender Dimensions of Rural Poverty: Analysis from Bangladesh. The Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 18, No 2. Laizu, Z., Armarego, J., & Sudweeks, F. (2010). The Role of ICT in Women's Empowerment in Rural Bangladesh. Proceedings Cultural Attitudes towards Communication and Technology 2010, Murdoch University, Australia. Lennie, J. (2002). Rural women s Empowerment in a Communication Technology project; some Contradictory effects. Rural Society. Volume- 12.
13 Sandys, E. (2005). Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women though ICT. Division for Advancement of Women, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UNDP. SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index (2012). Bangladesh. Available Accessed on 04 June The Bangladesh Travel Guide (2012). Bangladesh: Religions. Available Accessed On 04 June 2012 THP - The Hunger Project (2012). Bangladesh. Available Accessed on 04 June UCEP - Underprivileged Children's Educational Programs (2012). Bangladesh Gender Policy. Available Accessed on 04 June Wajcman, J. (1991). Feminism confronts technology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Social Entrepreneurship and Women Empowerment A study conducted in Ernakulam District
Social Entrepreneurship and Women Empowerment A study conducted in Ernakulam District Lisma Joshwa & Susan George Department of Social Work Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Rajagiri P.O. Kalamassery
More informationWOMEN S PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOR FORCE OF BANGLADESH
WOMEN S PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOR FORCE OF BANGLADESH Mohammad Zamirul Islam, Md. Fakrul Islam & Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal ABSTRACT Women constitute half of the total population. They put near about half
More informationTable of contents. Part I. Gender equality: The economic case, social norms, and public policies
Table of contents Executive summary... 13 Part I Gender equality: The economic case, social norms, and public policies Chapter 1. The economic case for gender equality... 23 Chapter 2. Why social institutions
More informationOPERATIONS MANUAL BANK POLICIES (BP) These policies were prepared for use by ADB staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of the subject.
OM Section C2/BP Page 1 of 3 BANK POLICIES (BP) These policies were prepared for use by ADB staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of the subject. A. Introduction GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IN
More informationKey gender equality issues to be reflected in the post-2015 development framework
13 March 2013 Original: English Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-seventh session 4-15 March 2013 Agenda item 3 (b) Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and to the twenty-third special
More informationDIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES GENDER EQUALITY
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES GENDER EQUALITY The situation of women living in rural areas of the European Union Presentation by Ramona Franić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture ramonaf@agr.hr
More informationZimbabwe Millennium Development Goals: 2004 Progress Report 28
28 Promote Gender Equality And Empower Women 3GOAL TARGET 4(A): Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably, by 25 and at all levels of education no later than 215. INDICATORS:
More informationThe Millennium Development Goals Goal Three: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women. UNITAR Public Sessions 8 March 2011
The Millennium Development Goals Goal Three: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women UNITAR Public Sessions 8 March 2011 Officially established at the 2000 Millennium Summit However are based on trends
More informationHow to improve the marketing of the halal brand?
How to improve the marketing of the halal brand? Syed Faheem Hasan Bukhari University of Southern Queensland, Australia Abstract The aim of this paper is to review on the literature associated with the
More informationWomen And Gender In Islam Historical Roots Of A Modern Debate Leila Ahmed
Women And Gender In Islam Historical Roots Of A Modern Debate Leila Ahmed We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing
More informationFollow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing Inputs to the Secretary-General s report, pursuant to GA resolution 65/182
Follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing Inputs to the Secretary-General s report, pursuant to GA resolution 65/182 The resolution clearly draws attention to the need to address the gender dimensions
More informationWomen Empowerment: A Comparative Analysis of Women Empowerment Working in Public and Private Organizations of Sargodha District
Women Empowerment: A Comparative Analysis of Women Empowerment Working in Public and Private Organizations of Sargodha District Muhammad Javed Amjad MPhil Student in Social Work Dr. Mumtaz Ali Assistant
More informationThe Clarion International Multidisciplinary Journal
The Clarion Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) PP 149-156 The Clarion International Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN : 2277-1697 Women enterpreneurship development in Assam with special reference to Kamurp district,
More informationWomen s Health Association of Victoria
Women s Health Association of Victoria PO Box 1160, Melbourne Vic 3001 Submission to the Commonwealth Government on the New National Women s Health Policy 1 July, 2009. Contact person for this submission:
More informationEnsuring Gender Equity. A Policy Statement
A Policy Statement 1 Mission statement As part of its mandate, UNU-INWEH strives to achieve equitable development of women and men by focusing on productivity, equality of opportunity, sustainability and
More informationPost-2015 Development Agenda and SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Moez Doraid June 2015
Post-2015 Development Agenda and SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Moez Doraid June 2015 Post-2015 Development Agenda Post-2015 Development Agenda Expiration of the Millennium
More informationWOMEN ENTREPRENEUR PROBLEMS- ANOVA TEST BETWEEN FAMILY CONSTRAINTS AND FACTORS FOR SUCCESS
WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR PROBLEMS- ANOVA TEST BETWEEN FAMILY CONSTRAINTS AND FACTORS FOR SUCCESS Dr.S.Valli Devasena Assistant Professor of Commerce, Mother Teresa Women s University, Kodaikanal, Dindigul Dt..
More informationBURKINA FASO SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND GENDER INDEX (BURKINA FASO-SIGI) Social Institutions & Gender Index
BURKINA FASO SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND GENDER INDEX (BURKINA FASO-SIGI) Social Institutions & Gender Index With the support of the Austrian Development Cooperation and in partnership with the Burkina Faso
More informationA CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH MICROFINANCE
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH MICROFINANCE Mr.Vaibhav Shrivastava 1,Mr. Dhaneshwar Prasad Yadav 2,Mr. Singmala Vamsee Krishna 3 1,2,3 HOD,, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce
More informationISSN Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 3 (16) December 2012
A Study on Women Empowerment in South-Asian Countries: A Contemporary Analysis Shobana Nelasco Department of Economics, Bharathidasan University, Kajamalai, Trichy- 620 023, TN, India Doi:10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n16p37
More informationWOMEN S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: A CALL TO ACTION FOR ONTARIO. Ontario.ca/EmpowerWomen
WOMEN S ECONOMIC A CALL TO ACTION Ontario.ca/EmpowerWomen Discussion paper: Women s Economic Empowerment A Call to Action for Ontario Women and girls are disproportionately affected by poverty, discrimination,
More informationARE Position Paper: Women and Sustainable Energy
ARE Position Paper: Women and Sustainable Energy The Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE) supports the initiative planned by the European Commission (EC) to empower women in the sustainable energy
More informationROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN ALWAR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 9, Issue 2, March April 218, pp. 31 36, Article ID: IJM_9_2_3 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?jtype=ijm&vtype=9&itype=2 Journal
More informationGENDER EQUALITY FOR A BETTER URBAN FUTURE. An overview of UN-HABITAT S Gender Equality Action Plan ( ) UN-HABITAT.
UN-HABITAT Ruth McLead GENDER EQUALITY FOR A BETTER URBAN FUTURE UN-HABITAT/Nepal An overview of UN-HABITAT S Gender Equality Action Plan (2008-2013) GENDER Addressing EQUALITY inequalities between men
More informationIdentifying best practice in actions on tobacco smoking to reduce health inequalities
Identifying best practice in actions on tobacco smoking to reduce health inequalities An Matrix Knowledge Report to the Consumers, Health and Food Executive Agency, funded by the Health Programme of the
More informationPERCEPTIONS OF EDUCATED WOMEN ABOUT THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
PERCEPTIONS OF EDUCATED WOMEN ABOUT THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Dr. Nasreen Akhter, PhD in Education Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Farrukh Naheed M.Phil
More informationUNICEF Strategic Plan, January 2018
UNICEF Strategic Plan, 2018-2021 January 2018 What is the Strategic Plan? A tool for enhancing the impact of UNICEF s work for children by: Aligning the resources of the organization around common goals
More informationSocial Exclusion of women in Educational Sector: Causes and Consequences
Social Exclusion of women in Educational Sector: Causes and Consequences Nahida Rohi Research Scholar, Department of Sociology, Aligarh Muslim University Email: nahidaroohi@gmail.com Abstract In present
More informationDECLARATION OF THE 4 TH WORLD CONGRESS OF RURAL WOMEN HELD AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA: APRIL 2007
DECLARATION OF THE 4 TH WORLD CONGRESS OF RURAL WOMEN HELD AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA: 23 26 APRIL 2007 We, the Rural Women participating at the 4 th World Congress of
More informationNATIONAL ACADEMY ON GREEN ECONOMY SOUTH AFRICA
NATIONAL ACADEMY ON GREEN ECONOMY SOUTH AFRICA ENHANCING CAPACITIES FOR TRANSFORMATIVE ACTION AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL Hlengiwe Radebe Sustainable Energy Africa Challenges and opportunities for gender equity
More informationby G.Febres Global Forum on Gender Statistics, March 27 29, Dead Sea, Jordan Panel 1b
Comments by G.Febres World Bank 1 2 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, March 27 29, Dead Sea, Jordan 3 Panel 1b Women in Rural Areas, Women s Employment in Informal Sector, Informal Employment and Unpaid
More informationEMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN FOR FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION
EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN FOR FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION Key words: empowerment, women, food security, nutrition. Author s Background FERDOUSE ISLAM Dr. Ferdouse Islam, has been working in Bangladesh
More informationSocial Work BA. Study Abroad Course List /2018 Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Social Work Department of Community and Social Studies
Centre for International Relations Social Work BA Study Abroad Course List - 2017/2018 Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Social Work Department of Community and Social Studies Tuition-fee/credit: 100
More informationRenewable World Global Gender Equality Policy
Version 1.0 of the policy approved by the Renewable World Board on 20th November 2018. Purpose This policy outlines Renewable World s approach to gender inclusion when designing and delivering our programmes
More informationMarch 21, Deborah Rubin Cultural Practice LLC
March 21, 2011 Deborah Rubin Cultural Practice LLC Objectives To provide an introduction to the Gender Dimensions Framework To discuss applications of the GDF in agricultural development work Socio-economic
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme and of the United Nations Population Fund
United Nations DP/FPA/CPD/BRA/4 Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme and of the United Nations Population Fund Distr.: General 9 October 2006 Original: English UNITED NATIONS POPULATION
More informationProblems faced by the rural women beneficiaries in participating
Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 200-206, 2016 ISSN: 1017-8139 Problems faced by the rural women beneficiaries in participating shouhardo II program TD Nath 1*, MJ Hoque 2, MG Farouque 3 Department of Agricultural
More informationA STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMACT OF ENTREPRENUERSHIP ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT. P. Praba Devi, Faculty, Sona School of Management. Sona College of Technology
Vol.VI.No.1.October 2010.pp. 117 128 A STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMACT OF ENTREPRENUERSHIP ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT P. Praba Devi, Faculty, Sona School of Management Sona College of Technology Salem 5 Email id:
More informationWomen s Involvement in Local Leadership (WILL):
Women s Involvement in Local Leadership (WILL): Facilitating Effective and Sustainable Participation in Community Organizations and Democratic Culture Building PVC/ASHA Research APS: November 2006 A schoolteacher
More informationBikash Kishore Das Background
Bikash Kishore Das Additional Secretary Statistics and Informatics Division Ministry of Planning Govt. of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Email: bikashkishore@gmail.com Background The Constitution
More informationGender inequality: major hurdle of socio-economic development in emerging economiescomparative
Gender inequality: major hurdle of socio-economic development in emerging economiescomparative study of India and China Sunil Gosavi Smt. K. G. Mittal College of Arts and Commerce, Mumbai, India Vijaykumar
More informationMeeting the MDGs in South East Asia: Lessons. Framework
Meeting the MDGs in South East Asia: Lessons and Challenges from the MDG Acceleration Framework Biplove Choudhary Programme Specialist UNDP Asia Pacific Regional Centre 21 23 23 November 2012 UNCC, Bangkok,
More informationGENDER & HIV/AIDS. Empower Women, Halt HIV/AIDS. MAP with Statistics of Infected Women Worldwide
Empower Women, Halt HIV/AIDS GENDER & HIV/AIDS While HIV/AIDS is a health issue, the epidemic is a gender issue. Statistics prove that both the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS are not random. HIV/AIDS disproportionately
More informationWOMEN IN PARLIAMENTS GLOBAL FORUM (WIP) WIP MEETING AT THE EXPO MILANO 2015
WOMEN IN PARLIAMENTS GLOBAL FORUM (WIP) WIP MEETING AT THE EXPO MILANO 2015 FINAL DECLARATION 13 OCTOBER 2015 EXPO 2015, MILANO, ITALY October 13, 2015 - Milano, Italy Declaration The participants at the
More informationCommission on the Status of Women (CSW62) Challenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls
Commission on the Status of Women (CSW62) Challenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls Each year nearly 4,000 NGO representatives and UN member
More informationProblems and challenges faced by professional working women in food processing companies in Gujarat Mr. Deval Patel 1, Dr.
Problems and challenges faced by professional working women in food processing companies in Gujarat Mr. Deval Patel 1, Dr. Samit Dutta 2 1 Asstt. Prof., FPT & BE, AAU, Anand, 2 Asso. Prof., FPT & BE, AAU,
More informationCapacity building for decision makers to use evidence in policy making in Sudan
Capacity building for decision makers to use evidence in policy making in Sudan Bashir Ali & Amira A. Osman discusses the gaps, needs and challenges faced by policy makers and civil society on gender issues
More informationTHE MACAO OUTCOME DOCUMENT
GENERAL ESID/HLM-MIPAA/Rep. 1 November 2007 ENGLISH ONLY ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC High-level Meeting on the Regional Review of the Madrid International Plan of Action on
More informationcan CAMPAIGN STRATEGY PAPER
e can CAMPAIGN STRATEGY PAPER This paper outlines the proposition, approach, and methodology for the South Asia regional campaign to end violence against women (the WE CAN campaign) that will be implemented
More informationWOMEN ENTREPRENEUR S CHALLENGES IN AMBERNATH TALUKA
olume I, December 12 WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR S CHALLENGES IN AMBERNATH TALUKA Dr. Sunil Karve Director, Maratha Mandir s Babasaheb Gawde Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India Email: drkarve@gmail.com
More informationChallenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls Draft agreed conclusions
Commission on the Status of Women Sixty-second session 12 23 March 2018 Challenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls Draft agreed conclusions 1.
More informationGENDER ANALYSIS (SUMMARY) 1
Country Partnership Strategy: Papua New Guinea, 2016 2020 A. Gender Situation and Key Challenges GENDER ANALYSIS (SUMMARY) 1 1. Papua New Guinea (PNG) has made limited progress towards achieving the gender
More informationAdaptation in the development context
Adaptation in the development context Anand Patwardhan University of Maryland, USA and Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, India NAP Expo Bonn, August 2014 Shifts in the policy narrative Climate mitigation
More informationRepublic of Mozambique MINISTRY OF GENDER, CHILD AND SOCIAL ACTION
Republic of Mozambique MINISTRY OF GENDER, CHILD AND SOCIAL ACTION STATEMENT OF HER EXCELLENCE Mrs. CIDÁLIA MANUEL CHAÚQUE OLIVEIRA, MINISTER OF GENDER, CHILD AND SOCIAL ACTION, ON THE OCCASION OF THE
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme and of the United Nations Population Fund
United Nations DP/FPA/CPD/MOZ/7 Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme and of the United Nations Population Fund Distr.: General 18 October 2006 Original: English UNITED NATIONS POPULATION
More informationMainstreaming Gender into Extractive Industries Projects
Mainstreaming Gender into Extractive Industries Projects PROPOSED GUIDELINES Introduction The benefits and risks of extractive industries (EI) are often measured broadly at the community level, but fail
More informationMembership Application Process
Membership Application Process Thank you for your interest in joining the DC Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Below you will find information about membership criteria, the application process and
More informationCHAPTER-5. Family Disorganization & Woman Desertion by Socioeconomic Background
CHAPTER-5 Family Disorganization & Woman Desertion by Socioeconomic Background CHAPTER-5 FAMILY DISORGANIZATION AND WOMAN DESERTION BY SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND This chapter examines the part played by
More informationCONTRIBUTION OF SHGs IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY ON SELECTED SHGs IN DHUBRI DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Inspira- Journal of Modern Management & Entrepreneurship (JMME) 54 ISSN : 2231 167X, General Impact Factor : 2.3982, Volume 08, No. 01, January, 2018, pp. 54-60 CONTRIBUTION OF SHGs IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT:
More informationMICRO FINANCE: A SOURCE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA
Indian Journal of Accounting (IJA) 80 ISSN : 0972-1479 (Print) 2395-6127 (Online) Vol. XLIX (1), June, 2017, pp. 80-86 MICRO FINANCE: A SOURCE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA Mohd Azhar Ud Din Malik ABSTRACT
More informationGender in EEP projects emerging findings. Lisa Gahan, KPMG Human and Social Development 11 th April 2017
Gender in EEP projects emerging findings Lisa Gahan, KPMG Human and Social Development 11 th April 2017 Content Gender in energy projects About the EEP gender study Emerging findings Next steps 2 Introduction
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY- EFFICIENCY PROJECTS IN-DEPTH STUDY III GENDER IN THE EEP PORTFOLIO / SUMMARY REPORT
1 UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY- EFFICIENCY PROJECTS IN-DEPTH STUDY III GENDER IN THE EEP PORTFOLIO / SUMMARY REPORT The Energy and Environment Partnership Programme
More informationSTATEMENT BY ADVOCATE DOCTOR MASHABANE DEPUTY PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
PERMANENT MISSION OF SOUTH AFRICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS 333 EAST 38TH STREET 9TH FLOOR NEW YORK, NY 10016 Tel: (212) 213-5583 Fax: (212) 692-2498 E-mail: pmun@southafrica-newyork.net STATEMENT BY ADVOCATE
More information1. The World Bank-GAVI Partnership and the Purpose of the Review
1. The World Bank-GAVI Partnership and the Purpose of the Review 1.1 The new World Bank Group strategy makes a strong case for an expanded World Bank Group role in global and regional dialogue and collective
More informationGender Equality and the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Gender Equality in the Post 2015 and SIDS Agendas
Gender Equality and the Post-2015 Development Agenda Gender Equality in the Post 2015 and SIDS Agendas Beijing +20 Reviews and Informing the Post 2015 Agenda - 59 th CSW March 2015 - National Reviews in
More informationGender, Science, Technology and Innovation in Argentina: between facts and the mirage of equality
Priorities and Strategies for Latin America Gender, Science, Technology and Innovation in Argentina: between facts and the mirage of equality Gloria Bonder UNESCO Regional Chair Women, Science and Technology
More informationChecklist for assessing the gender responsiveness of sexual and reproductive health policies. Pilot document for adaptation to national contexts
Checklist for assessing the gender responsiveness of sexual and reproductive health policies Pilot document for adaptation to national contexts Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office
More information60TH SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Statement Check against delivery 60TH SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Agenda item 10: Economic, social and cultural rights Geneva, 30 March 2004 First and foremost since the Joint
More information24 th session. Kazakhstan
24 th session Kazakhstan 68. The Committee considered the initial report of Kazakhstan (CEDAW/C/KAZ/1) at its 490th, 491st and 497th meetings, on 18 and 23 January 2001 (see CEDAW/C/SR.490, 491 and 497).
More informationANNEXES. National policies
ANNEXES Annex 1 A.1. Review, adopt and maintain macroeconomic policies and development strategies that address the needs and efforts of women to overcome poverty. A.2. Revise laws and administrative practices
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/MOZ/Q/2 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 5 October 2006 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More informationWHY GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN S LEADERSHIP MATTTER IN DEVELOPMENT OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: WHERE ARE THE WOMEN? SDGs AND THE AGENDA 2030
WHY GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN S LEADERSHIP MATTTER IN DEVELOPMENT OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: WHERE ARE THE WOMEN? SDGs AND THE AGENDA 2030 ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS 5.1 END
More informationWhat will women s empowerment mean for men? Selected facts and figures to spark your thinking
What will women s empowerment mean for men? Selected facts and figures to spark your thinking Prepared for the Women s Forum for the Economy and Society by PwC October 211 What will women s empowerment
More informationWomen Empowerment in India-Current Scenario
Women Empowerment in India-Current Scenario Dr.S. Selvi Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Road and Transport Technology, Erode District, Tamil Nadu Abstract--- Women
More informationNational Gender Policy 2015
NATIONAL GENDER POLICY BRIEF Centre for Environmental Policy and Advocacy National Gender Policy 2015 BRIEF Vol. 13 Issue 3 I January 2017-1 - BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION The persistence of gender inequalities
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations E/CN.3/2018/22 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 14 December 2017 Original: English Statistical Commission Forty-ninth session 6 9 March 2018 Item 4 (b) of the provisional agenda*
More informationSoca Music: A competitive cultural tourism product?
Soca Music: A competitive cultural tourism product? Can the soca music cultural asset be transformed into an internationally competitive cultural tourism product? Presentation Outline Introduction/Background
More informationEmpowerment of Women through Self-Help Groups in Tiruvannamalai
International Journal of scientific research and management (IJSRM) Volume 2 Issue 10 Pages 1488-1493 2014 Website: www.ijsrm.in ISSN (e): 2321-3418 Empowerment of Women through Self-Help Groups in Tiruvannamalai
More informationPromoting Well-Being in Schools and the Community
Promoting Well-Being in Schools and the Community Samantha Dietz, Ph.D., LCSW Assistant Scientist sdietz@miami.edu Isaac Prilleltensky, Ph.D. Dean and Professor isaac@miami.edu School of Education and
More informationAt the 2nd New Development Bank (NDB) Annual meeting in Delhi in April,
At the 2nd New Development Bank (NDB) Annual meeting in Delhi in April, 2017, BRICS Feminist Watch (BFW) and other civil society groups urged the Bank to develop a comprehensive policy geared towards delivering
More informationSSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (SSRG-IJHSS) volume 2 Issue4 July to Aug 2015
Women`S Empowerment and Gender Inequality in Education and Health Sector:- A Case Study of Pirchalk (A Cadastral) Chandrakona 1, Chandrakona, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal Asad Ali Sarkar Part-time Teacher,
More informationRabeya Rahaman & Koushik Prashad Pathak
Measuring women empowerment through ICT-based business initiatives: The case of e-retail stores in Dhaka City Rabeya Rahaman & Koushik Prashad Pathak Outline Background of the study Research question and
More informationMANAGEMENT. MGMT 0021 THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS 3 cr. MGMT 0022 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 3 cr. MGMT 0023 MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING 3 cr.
MANAGEMENT MGMT 0021 THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS 3 cr. An introduction designed to emphasize the basic principles, practices, and terminology essential to the understanding of contemporary business and its
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services
United Nations Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 25 April 2014 Original:
More informationCreating collaborative and creative networks to highlight the progress and challenges facing rural and indigenous women on their path towards full
Creating collaborative and creative networks to highlight the progress and challenges facing rural and indigenous women on their path towards full autonomy The Food and Agriculture Organization of the
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services
United Nations DP/FPA/CPD/JOR/8 Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 6 August
More informationFrom choice, a world of possibilities. Strategic framework
From choice, a world of possibilities Strategic framework 2005 2015 Who we are The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) is a global service provider and a leading advocate of sexual and reproductive
More informationSocio-economic status of muslim women in Lakhimpur district of Assam
RESEARCH ARTICLE ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Volume 6 Issue 1 June, 2015 56-60 e ISSN 2231 6418 DOI: 10.15740/HAS/ARJSS/6.1/56-60 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in Socio-economic status
More informationUnnayan Onneshan Policy Brief December, Achieving the MDGs Targets in Nutrition: Does Inequality Matter? K. M.
Unnayan Onneshan Policy Brief December, 211 Achieving the MDGs Targets in Nutrition: Does Inequality Matter? K. M. Mustafizur Rahman Introduction The nutritional status of a population is a key indicator
More informationPopulation Council Strategic Priorities Framework
Population Council Strategic Priorities Framework For 65 years, the Population Council has conducted research and delivered solutions that address critical health and development issues and improve lives
More informationKAMPALA DECLARATION ON WOMEN AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA, OCTOBER 2016
KAMPALA DECLARATION ON WOMEN AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA, OCTOBER 2016 Key message: Prioritise Investment in Women and Girls in the Eastern African Sub- Region and
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services
United Nations Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 12 July 2011 Original:
More informationFinancially Viable Empowerment of Pastoral Women Led To Enlargement of Ancestors and Society
Financially Viable Empowerment of Pastoral Women Led To Enlargement of Ancestors and Society Dr. V. Asok Kumar M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Associate. Professor of English, E.R.K Arts and Science, Erumiyampatti,
More informationCASE STUDY EVALUATION FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE MULTI VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY PILOT PROGRAM FOR A SECOND GENERATION COMMUNITY BASED WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
MULTI VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY PILOT PROGRAM FOR A SECOND GENERATION COMMUNITY BASED WATER SUPPLY PROJECT FOR EXPANSION OF EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ACTIVITY GENDER PERSPECTIVE MULTI VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY
More informationPlanning for an Inclusive Transformation: Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in Sri Lanka
Planning for an Inclusive Transformation: Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in Sri Lanka Expert meeting in preparation for HLPF 2017: Readying institutions and policies for integrated approaches
More information2016 United Nations Political Declaration on Ending AIDS sets world on the Fast-Track to end the epidemic by 2030
S T A T E M E N T 2016 United Nations Political Declaration on Ending AIDS sets world on the Fast-Track to end the epidemic by 2030 World leaders commit to reach three goals and 20 new Fast-Track Targets
More informationThe outlook for hundreds of thousands adolescents is bleak.
Adolescents & AIDS Dr. Chewe Luo Chief HIV/AIDS, UNICEF Associate Director, Programmes Division 28/11/17 Professor Father Micheal Kelly Annual Lecture on HIV/AIDS Dublin, Ireland The outlook for hundreds
More informationRESOLUTION 55 (Rev. Dubai, 2014) Mainstreaming a gender perspective 1 for an inclusive and egalitarian information society
RESOLUTION 55 (Rev. Dubai, 2014) Mainstreaming a gender perspective 1 for an inclusive and egalitarian information society The World Telecommunication Development Conference (Dubai, 2014), noting a) Resolution
More informationFamily Planning Programs and Fertility Preferences in Northern Ghana. Abstract
Family Planning Programs and Fertility Preferences in Northern Ghana Abstract This paper contributes to understanding the associations between a culturally sensitive family planning program and fertility
More informationWOMEN: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF HIV/AIDS
WOMEN: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF HIV/AIDS gender equality and the empowerment of women are fundamental elements in the reduction of the vulnerability of women and girls to HIV/AIDS Article 14, Declaration
More information