Empowered lives. Resilient Nations. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs)

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1 Empowered lives. Resilient Nations. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) PROVINCIAL PROFILE / SOUTHERN PROVINCE / 2013

2 Copyright 2013 By the United Nations Development Programme Alick Nkhata Road P. O Box Lusaka, Zambia All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval System or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

3 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) PROVINCIAL PROFILE / SOUTHERN PROVINCE /

4 Southern Province Status at a Glance MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger TARGET: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Indicator Current Data * 2015 Target Will target be achieved under the present trend Proportion of population living in extreme poverty (%) Significant reforms and investments needed Poverty gap ratio ** Significant reforms and investments needed Gini coefficient ** Significant reforms and investments needed TARGET: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Employment to population ratio TARGET: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age (%) Acceleration Required MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education TARGET: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Primary school net enrolment ratio (%) ** Acceleration Required Pupils reaching Grade ** Significant reforms and investments needed Literacy rates: year-olds (%) ** Significant reforms and investments needed MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality TARGET: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Ratio of girls to boys in primary education ** Yes Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education ** Significant reforms and investments needed MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality TARGET: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate U-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Significant reforms and investments needed Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Significant reforms and investments needed One-year-olds immunized against measles (%) ** Acceleration Required 2

5 MDG 5:Improve maternal health TARGET: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Indicator Current Data * 2015 Target Will target be achieved under the present trend Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) ** Significant reforms and investments needed Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) MDG 6: Combat HIV&AIDS, Malaria and other major diseases TARGET: Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence rate (%) <15.6** Yes Proportion of year old females with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) Proportion of year old males with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) Ratio of school attendance of orphans to non-orphans (10-14 year olds) ** Yes TARGET: Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse, the incidence of malaria and other major diseases New malaria cases per 1,000 population ** Acceleration Required Malaria fatality rate per 1,000 population ** Significant reforms and investments needed Households with ITNs (%) MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability TARGET: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Proportion of population without access to an improved water source (%) ** Significant reforms and investments needed Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation facilities (%) ** Significant reforms and investments needed 3

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7 Southern Provincial Profile Overview Population The Southern province covers a total land surface area of 85,283 1 km 2 and the province shares borders with Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia. Within the country, the province shares boundaries with Central, Lusaka, North Western and Western provinces. The province consists of 11 districts 2 namely; Choma, Gwembe, Itezhi-tezhi, Kalomo, Kazungula, Livingstone and Mazabuka. Monze, Namwala, Sivonga and Sinazongwe are among other districts in the province. Choma is the new provincial administrative capital after it moved from Livingstone and is moderately urbanised. The province s population is estimated at 1,589,926 3 people (See figure 1). The population increased by 31.2% between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. According to the 2010 census, males make up 49% (779,659) 4 of the provincial population whilst females account for 51% (810,267). From the total population, 75.3% live in rural areas whilst 24.7% live in urban areas of the province. The average population growth rate for the province (2.8%) 5 makes it the fourth fastest growing province in the country. 5

8 Figure 1: Population growth and change in population density, Southern Province ,589,926 Growth rate Population Density 1,212, , , , % 3.0% % % % Source: CSO, Census of population and housing1990, 2000, and 2010, CSO, Zambia In terms of population growth at district level, Itezhi-tezhi has the fastest population growth rate of 4.8%, followed by Gwembe 4.5% and Siavonga and Kalomo 4.4% respectively. Kazungula has a population growth rate of 4.3%, followed by Livingstone (3.1%), Sinazongwe (2.4%), Namwala (2.2%) and Choma (1.9%) (see table 1). Among all the districts in the province, Monze and Mazabuka have the smallest share of the total provincial population of the province (1.6% and 1.3%) per annum respectively. Table 1: Population by district, Southern 2000 and 2010 Southern Province Districts Population 2000 Population 2010 Population growth rate ( ) Choma 204, , Gwembe 34,133 53, Itezhi-tezhi 43,111 68, Kalomo 169, , Kazungula 68, , Livingstone 103, , Mazabuka 203, , Monze 163, , Namwala 82, , Siavonga 58,864 90, Sinazongwe 80, , Southern Province 1,212,124 1,589, Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 6

9 Southern Province has a population density of persons per km 2 from an estimated 14.2 persons per km 2 in At district level, Livingstone is the most densely populated district in the province (200.7 persons per km 2 ), followed by Monze (39.5 persons per km 2 ), Mazabuka (37 persons per km 2 ), Choma (34 persons per km 2 ), and Siavonga and Sinazongwe (23.3 and 20.9 persons per km 2 ). Namwala district has a population density of 18.1 persons per km 2 followed by Kalomo (17 persons per km 2 ) and Gwembe (13.7 persons per km 2 ). Among all the districts in the province, Kazungula and Itezhi-tezhi have the smallest population densities of 6.2 and 4.3 persons per km 2 respectively. The population age structure for the province shows that a large percentage of the population 50.1% are years, among those 47.3% live in rural areas while the 58.5 live in urban areas (see figure 2). The youth population years account for 21.2% of the provincial population. Table 2: Population density by district, Southern 2010 Districts Land size (km 2) Population Person per km 2 Choma 7, , Gwembe 3,879 53, Itezhi-tezhi 16,064 68, Kalomo 15, , Kazungula 16, , Livingstone , Mazabuka 6, , Monze 4, , Namwala 5, , Siavonga 3,871 90, Sinazongwe 4, , Southern Province 85,283 1,589, Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 7

10 Figure 2: Population by rural and urban and age group, Southern 2010 Rural Urban 1,197, , , , , ,784 96, ,566 33,500 5,988 Below 15yrs yrs yrs 65 + yrs Southern Province Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia The province has a total of 292,179 households, an increase of 43% from 204,398 households in the 2000 census. Of the 292,179 households, 75.5% (220,606) are male headed while females head 24.5% (71,573) of households. The average household size for the province is 5.4 persons. Figure 3: Number of households and sex of head of household, Southern , ,606 71,573 Total Male Female Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 8

11 The MDGs in Southern Province

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13 MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Proportion of population living in extreme poverty (%) Poverty gap ratio Gini coefficient Table 3: Incidence and levels of poverty, Southern Province 2010 Indicator Percentage Poverty incidence 67.9% Extremely poor 47.3% Source: CSO, LCMS 2010 Moderately poor 20.6% The incidence of poverty has declined from 73% in 2006 to 67.9% in 2010 representing a decline of 5.1%. The province registered a decline in the incidence of extreme poverty between 2006 and It declined by 3.6% from 50.9% in 2006 to 47.3% in At the same time, the proportion of the population moderately poor declined from 22.1% in 2006 to 20.6% in The incidence of poverty is generally higher in rural than urban areas and varies among households. Female headed households are generally the worst affected. Poverty is also highest among those with lower education, the unemployed and non-farming communities. The poverty gap ratio in the province has also declined from 37.5% in 2006 to 31.4% 8 in

14 Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Employment to population ratio *** 87.9 Figure 4: Labour force participation rate, formal and informal employment, Southern % 87.5% 63.6% 4.4% 12.5% 4.8% Labour force growth rate Labour force participation rate Formal sector employment Informal sector employment Agriculture informal employment Unemployment rate Statistics adapted from: CSO (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey, CSO, Zambia Southern province has an average annual labour force growth rate of 4.4% 9. According to the Labour force survey 2012, Southern province labour force participation rate is 76.4%, a 7.0% increase from 69.4% in In terms of employment by sector, the majority 87.5% depend on the large informal sector for employment while the remaining 12.5% 10 are engaged in the formal sector. Distribution of employment by sector indicates that of the population engaged in the informal sector, 63.6% are engaged in agriculture while 36.4% 11 depend on non-agriculture for livelihoods. As regards formal sector employment, 19.2% 12 are engaged in agriculture while 80.8% depends on non-agriculture activities. Unemployment rate for the province stands at 4.8%, a 0.8% decline from 5.6% in Looking at sex differentials, the proportion of the unemployed is higher among females 5% than males 4.6%. Access to water provides the rural communities with small-scale farming opportunities, which is a major source of livelihoods and income in addition to fishing and auxiliary services. 12

15 Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age (%) Figure 5: Child health and malnutrition levels, Southern 2006 and % 39.5% 17.9% 13% 6.8% 6.2% Underweight Stunting Wasting Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report , CSO, Zambia In terms of child health, Southern province experiences similar child health problems like other provinces such as stunting, underweight and malnutrition exacerbated by insufficient dietary intake. The incidence of underweight children under the age of five has dropped from 17.9% in 2006 to 13.0% 13 in The incidence of stunting, despite declining by 6.7% from 46.2% in 2006 to 39.5% in 2010, has however remained stubbornly high in the province. Wasting declined by 0.6% from 6.8% in 2006 to 6.2% in Inadequate dietary intake among children underfive is the main cause of child underweight although other factors such as poor and intermittent child feeding contributed to the problem. The prevalence of underweight for under-fives is exacerbated by poverty and inadequate dietary intake and is highest among the extremely poor households. Incidences of underweight are also prevalent among households with family size of 5 to 6 members and among mothers that have not completed/attained primary education. 13

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17 MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Primary school enrolment ratio (%) Pupils reaching grade seven (7) Literacy rates (15-24 years old (%) Southern province has made steady progress in primary school enrolment and literacy rates. The literacy rate amongst people over five years of age in the province is 71.2%. Youth literacy 15 was estimated at 91.3% in 2010 and the literacy rate for adult population 15 years and older was 85.4%. The primary school net enrolment ratio is estimated at 93.5% whereas 89.4% of pupils are estimated to reach grade seven (7) in the province. Figure 6: Literacy levels by age group, Southern % 91.3% 85.4% 5+ years yrs 15+ yrs (adults) Statistics adapted from CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol

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19 Primary school attendance is estimated at 36.6% for those aged 5 years and older and 83.8% 16 for the age group 7 to 13 years. Gross primary school attendance stands at 100% while the net primary school attendance is 77.6% 17, suggesting a significant number of learners attending primary school are above the official age group. On average, it is estimated that 45.0% of the population (25 years and older) have completed primary school in the province. As regards secondary education, gross attendance in the province was 67.1% in 2010 while the net attendance rate was 44.7%. Only 28.5% of the population aged 25 years and older are estimated to have completed secondary education and 9.7% tertiary education. Figure 7: School attendance, primary and secondary and gender parity index, Southern 2010 Primary Secondary 67.1% 100% 83.8% 77.6% 44.7% 36.6% 45.0% 28.5% 0.97% 0.87% 5+ yrs 7-13 yrs Gross primary school attendance Net primary school attendance Population completed primary school Gender parity index Gender parity index Population completed secondary school Net secondary school attendance Gross secondary school attendance Statistics adapted from CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol

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21 MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Ratio of boys to girls in primary school Ratio of boys to girls in secondary school The gender parity index of the province, estimated at 0.97 shows that there are more boys than girls in primary education in the province. Despite this, it is worth noting that the index is very close to 1 and that the province can achieve gender parity in primary education. The secondary school gender parity index, at 0.87, however reveals that there are significant numbers of women who are not progressing to secondary school. Unequal access to education is generally driven by inequality associated with access to income and varies among households. Poor households are three to four times less likely to meet the cost of education for both secondary and tertiary levels. The statistics also suggest that the practice, especially in most rural communities, of sending the boy child to school in preference to the girl child contributes to this inequality. This is in addition to other factors such as early girl child pregnancies and early marriages. A girl child in rural communities in Zambia is three to four times more likely to have never attended school than a boy child. 19

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23 MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Under-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) Infant mortality Rate (deaths per 1000 live births) One year old immunised against measles (%) Trends for the province show a significant drop in both child and under-five mortality. For example, in the year 2000, child mortality was deaths per 1000 live births. This dropped to 40 deaths per 1000 live births in The incidence of under-five mortality has reduced by 61 from 155 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 94 deaths per 1000 live births in The drop may be attributed to an increase in health facilities in the province, increased uptake of family planning and increased number of births delivered within hospital settings. However, inequalities with regard to access to health care services still exist in rural communities. Figure 8: Infant, child and under-five mortality, Southern Zambia 2010 Southern 2000 Southern 2010 Child Mortality Under-Five Mortality Infant Mortality Rate Statistics adapted from CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol

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25 Infant mortality has also reduced from 93 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 53 deaths per 1000 live births in However, it is unlikely that Southern province will meet its MDG target to reduce infant mortality to 23 deaths per 1000 live births by Similarly, the target of reducing under-five mortality to less than 44 deaths per 1,000 live births is unlikely to be met by The province however is doing well in terms of child immunization coverage which was estimated at 94% in 2010, up from 78% in Figure 9: Child immunisation coverage, Southern % 94% 78% Statistics adapted from: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 23

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27 MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) Proportion of births attended by skilled personnel *** 36.2 Table 4: Antenatal coverage and number of antenatal visit among pregnant women, Southern Antenatal Care Antenatal Coverage Antenatal visits Source: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia Among the 10 provinces, Southern province has the ninth highest maternal mortality ratio. Currently, the maternal mortality ratio is deaths per 100,000 live births, just over two-times the MDG national target of deaths per 100,000 live births. One of the major causes is the high incidence of unsupervised deliveries. According to the Ministry of Health 2010 annual statistical bulletin, 47% of all deliveries were unsupervised, while traditional birth attendants attended to 14% deliveries and institutional deliveries accounted for 39% total deliveries in the province. As of 2010, the province had a total of 109 doctors, 234 clinical officers and 1,123 nurses supported by 524 midwives. The health worker ratio in the province also remains low at 129 health workers per 100,000 population. Antenatal coverage dropped from 91 in 2008 to 83 in The fluctuation may be attributed to uneven coverage of sensitization programmes, limited knowledge among pregnant women, reduction in outreach and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programmes. Antenatal visits have remained relatively low but stable from the period 2008 to The provision of antenatal care recommends at least 12 antenatal visits with the assumption that more visits result in better care for pregnant women. It is during this period when the clinic provides early detection of problems relating to the pregnancy. 25

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29 MDG 6: Combat HIV & AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Halve halted, by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data HIV prevalence rate (%) Proportion of year old females with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV (%) *** 37.5 Proportion of year old males with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV (%) *** 29.2 Ratio of school attendance of orphans and vulnerable children (10-14) years old Malaria cases per 1000 population Malaria fatality rate per 1000 population Households with insecticide treated nets (%) *** 66.1 The HIV prevalence rate in the province is estimated at 14.5%. Of those, 17.4% (40,167) are on antiretroviral treatment. Additionally, the total number of people who know their HIV status increased from 169,644 in 2009 to 233,596 in 2010 representing an increase of 37.7%. Currently, the province has a total of 53 health facilities providing antiretroviral services to adult and children who are on treatment. The proportion of the population 15 to 24 years with comprehensive and correct knowledge about HIV in the province is higher among females 37.5% than males 29.2%. However, knowledge does not always equal prevention and the population 15 to 24 years remains highly at increased risk of HIV and AIDS. Analysis of trends in the rate of school attendance among orphans and vulnerable children who had lost both parents due to AIDS showed that the school attendance ratio of orphans to non-orphans aged between 10 and 14 years old in the province was

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31 The high burden of communicable water related diseases also presents other health challenges in the province. For example, the incidence of malaria is very high in the province, increasing from 117cases per 1000 population in 2008 to 145 cases per 1000 population in In 2010, the incidence of malaria increased to 145 cases per 1000 population. On the contrary however, Malaria case fatality rate per 1000 admissions declined from 40 cases per 1000 admission in 2008 to 30 cases per 1000 admissions in In 2010, this decreased further to 28 cases per 1000 admission. This may be attributed to increased usage of treated mosquito nets where 66.1% of the households have insecticide treated mosquito nets. In many instances particularly in provinces where there are fishery resources, mosquito nets have often been used for fishing defeating their intended purpose in preventing malaria through mosquito bites. Figure 10: Malaria incidence and case fatality rate, Southern Malaria incidence Malaria case fatality rate Statistics adapted from: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 29

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33 MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Halve, by 2015 the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Proportion of population without access to an improved water source (%) Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation (%) A large number of the population in Southern province have no access to safe drinking water. Many draw water from unprotected wells while the rural poor particularly those living proximity to streams and rivers draw water from streams and rivers making them susceptible to ill health. Most of the water from the streams and rivers is largely unsafe for household use. Inequalities between rural and urban exist largely in the supply of clean water where the rural poor have no access to municipal water supply. There still are 25% 21 of the households in the province that is without access to an improved water source. This means that from a total of 292,179 households, 73,045 households do not have access to an improved water source. The majority 75% or 219,134 households have access to an improved water source; therefore, Southern province has attained MDG 7 target. In terms of sanitation, the majority of the households (64.1% or 187,287 households) do not have access to an improved sanitation. Lack of good and improved sanitation is often associated with outbreaks of communicable diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. However, diarrhoea incidences are quite high in the province with incidence rates of 85 cases per 1000 population in 2008, increasing to 96 cases per 1000 population in With the increase in poor sanitation, the diarrhoea incidence keeps going up and as of 2010 the province recorded 99 cases per 1000 population. As regards access to electricity, the majority 82.5% (241,047) 23 of households do not have access to electricity despite the province being connected to the national grid and the source of energy. The rural and urban poor depend largely on the natural resources where forest provide an important livelihoods source of energy in which 69.3% of the population rely on firewood and 17.8% on charcoal for cooking. This clearly shows how the forest is over-exploited and likely to induce other environmental related impacts such as soil erosion, climate change and reduced natural habitat and rain cycles. 31

34 Endnotes: 1. CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing, CSO Population Summary, Ithezhi-tezhi has been realigned to Central Province and Chirundu is a new district aligned to Lusaka Province. This Profile does not take into account desegregation of these districts and have been treated as part of their former provinces 3. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing, CSO Population Summary, CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing: Population Summary Report. CSO, Lusaka. 7. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report , CSO, Zambia 8. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report , CSO, Zambia 9. This is the ratio of the economically active population to the working age population expressed as a percentage. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO, (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey. CSO, Lusaka 11. CSO, (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey. CSO, Lusaka 12. CSO, (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey. CSO, Lusaka 13. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report , CSO, Zambia 22. Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 23. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report , CSO, Zambia *** The MDG targets for the indicators is currently not available. 32

35 Endnotes for the provincial status at a glance table , Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 2 This target was calculated based on the extreme poverty levels in 1990 which were 51% for Copperbelt Province according to the Central Statistics Office (1991) Social Dimensions of Adjustments, Priority Survey 1. To get to the 2015 provincial target, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty must reduce by half , Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office , Zambia Economic Brief Recent Economic Developments and the State of Basic Human Development for Children, World Bank , Census of population and housing, Central Statistics Office , Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 7 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) on under-five Children who were classified undernourished according to three anthropometric indices of nutritional status: height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age. By 1990, 22.7% of children under five were underweight in Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 provincial target, the proportion of children under five must reduce by half , Educational Statistical Bulletin (ESB), Ministry of Education , Educational Statistical Bulletin (ESB), Ministry of Education , Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office , Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office , Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office , Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 14 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) Under-five Mortality Rates which were 144 deaths per 1000 live birth for Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 target, this must reduce by two thirds , Census of population and housing, Central Statistics Office 16 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) Infant Mortality Rates which were 69 deaths per 1,000 live births for Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 target, this must reduce by two thirds , Annual Health Statistical Bulletin , Annual Health Statistical Bulletin , Zambia Demographic and Health Survey , Zambia Demographic and Health Survey , Zambia Demographic and Health Survey , Zambia Demographic and Health Survey , Zambia Demographic and Health Survey , Annual Health Statistical Bulletin , Annual Health Statistical Bulletin , Zambia national Malaria Indicator Survey , Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, Central Statistics Office , Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, Central Statistics Office ** National target. Provincial target could not be calculated due to limited baseline data; however national MGD target was used instead. Note: The information contained herein was compiled before the declaration of Itezhi-tezhi district as part of Central Province and Chirundu district as part of Lusaka Province. Photo Credit: Smith / UN Communications Group / 2012 Printed by New Horizon Printing Press, Lusaka, Zambia

36 Empowered lives. Resilient Nations. For further information, please contact: Ministry of Finance Monitoring and Evaluation Department Lusaka, Zambia Tel: United Nations Development Programme Strategy and Policy Unit UN House Lusaka, Zambia Tel:

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