Acoustical Imaging Volume 19 Edited by Helmut Ermert and Hans-Peter Harjes Ruhr Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON
CONTENTS MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS 1 Phonon Imaging 1 Werner Dietsche Synthetic Aperture Echo Imaging 11 Mehrdad Soumekh Exact and Approximate Scattering Data for Testing the Filtered Backpropagation (FBP) and a Hybrid FBP Reconstruction Algorithm 17 I. Johansen, L.-J. Gelius, B. Spjelkavik, N. Sponheim and J. J. Stamnes Reconstruction Imaging Without Artefacts 23 Sidney Leeman, Eduardo T. Costa and Andrew J. Healey Potential and Limitations of Various Ultrasonic Medical Imaging Algorithms 29 H. Morbitzer, D. Huo, K. J. Langenberg and R. M. Schmitt Account of Multiple Scattering in Acoustic Inverse Problems of Tomographic Type 35 V. A. Burov, M. N. Rychagov and A. V. Saskovets Estimating a Target Cross Section from Forward Scattering Amplitude 41 Junichi Nakayama and Toshiaki Ozaki Phonon Focusing Influence on the Formation of Acoustic Image in Crystals 47 L. A. Chernozatonsku, V. M. Levin, V. V. Novicov and A. V. Vakulenko Active Imaging Green's Function 53 Forrest Anderson MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS 2 Ultrasonic Tomographic Imaging of Anisotropic Solids 59 D. P. Jansen, Т. Chow, D. A. Hutchins and R. P. Young On the Reconstruction of Internal Magnetic Field in Ferrites Using Magnetoacoustic Resonance Profile 65 S. N. Karpachev and L. K. Zarembo
Superresolution in Ultrasonic Imaging 71 Hugh W. Jones Superresolved Image Restoration of Holographic Images by Ll-Norm Minimization with Clutter Rejection 77 Toyokatsu Miyashita Improvement of Resolution in Acoustical-Holographic Imaging by Neural Network Processing 83 Yoshinao Aoki, Yuji Sakamoto, Syoichi Yamaguchi and Ryuichi Mitsuhashi Detection and Classification of Acoustic Images: Theoretical Performance 89 J. G. Kelly, R. N. Carpenter and D. R. Childs A New Phonon-Focusing Phenomenon due to Elastic Mode Conversion on Silicon Surfaces 95 Ralf Wichard and Werner Dietsche Application of Chaos to Sound Propagation in Random Media 99 W. S. Gan Acoustical Imaging Using Spectral Decomposition of the Aperture Field 103 Rolf Kahrs Hansen Ultrasonic Speckle Region and Extra-Speckle Condition 109 Akihisa Ohya, Junji Kashioka and Masato Nakajima Direct and Inverse Scattering in 3-D Fluid Media 115 P. Grassin and B. Duchene MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS 3 A Temporal-Spatial Correlation Theory and Experiment for Visualization of Ultrasonic Wavefront 121 Ming Yi, Xuanmin Yang, Li Zhu and Jinfu Gan The Shadow behind Rotational Rigid and Elastic Bodies Immersed in Fluids - Computed and Measured 127 L. Filipczyriski, T. Kujawska and T. Waszczuk Asymptotic and Experimental Analysis of the Nonspecular Reflection of Focusing Ultrasonic Beams from Fluid-Solid Interface 133 Theodore E. Matikas Theoretical Modelisation of Time-Reversal Cavities, Application to Self-Focussing in Inhomogeneous Media 141 D. Cassereau and M. Fink Acoustic Self-Imaging in Resiliently Lined Waveguides 149 G. Timann and D. Guicking Phase and Amplitude Reconstruction of an Acoustic Source from the Study of its Diffraction Pattern 155 M. H. Rahnavard and D. Dabiri An Iterative Filtered Backprojection Algorithm for Ultrasound Reflection Mode Tomography 161 K. K. Xu, С Q. Lan and Y. H. Chen
Applications of Area and Solid-Angle Functions in Acoustics 167 John M. Richardson and Glen Wade COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 1 Exact Computer Modelling: A Tool for the Design of Imaging Transducers 175 R. Lerch Quality Control of Ultrasound Transducers with the Binary Hough Transform 187 L. da F. Costa, D. R. Andrews and M. B. Sandler A 100-Element Ultrasonic Circular Array for Endoscopic Application in Medicine and NDT 193 H.-P. Schwarz, D. Heidmann, H.-J. Welsch, P. Becker and R. M. Schmitt A New Sector Imaging Algorithm Using Circular Array 201 Qin Zhengdi and Juha Ylitalo Adaptive Beamforming for Correction of Velocity Fluctuations Close to the B-Scan-Array 207 D. Hassler, W. Härer and G. Temme Sound Speed Fluctuations in Medical Ultrasound Imaging. Comparison between Different Correction Algorithms 213 Raoul Mallart and Mathias Fink Spurious Echo Generation in Pulse Piezoelectric Transducer for Acoustical Imaging and its Reduction 219 N. Lamberti and M. Pappalardo Optimization of Dynamic Receive Focusing in Ultrasound Imaging 225 Mustafa Karaman, Abdullah Atalar and Hayrettin Köymen Multiobjective Design of Curved Array Sonar Transducers 231 J. P. Huissoon COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2 Experimental Progress of Ultrasonic Time Reversal Mirrors 237 F. Wu, С Prada and M. Fink Signal Processing in High-Frequency Broadband Imaging Systems for Dermatologie Application 243 A. Höss, H. Ermert, S. el-gammal and P. Altmeyer High-Speed C-Scan Imaging System with Electronic Scanning of 25MHz Ultrasonic Beam 251 Souji Sasaki, Yoshihiko Takishita, Ayato Iwasaki, Jun Kubota, Yoshinori Musha and Hisao Okada Acquisition and Visualization of 3D Ultrasound Images 257 A. Collet Billon, Y. Le Guerinel and J. M. Levaillant An Efficient Data Acquisition System for Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Imaging 263 Ja II Koo and Song Bai Park
Three Dimensional Location with Ultrasound in Neurosurgery Lin Wang and H. J. Zweifel 269 Echography with Continuous Ultrasonic Waves 275 M. A. Benkhelifa, M. Gindre, J. Y. Le Huerou and W. Urbach The Use of a Thick Focused Piezoelectric Transducer to Generate Short Duration Unipolar Wave 283 E. Rougny, J. Y. Chapelon, B. Querleux, J. L. Leveque and D. Cathignol P(VDF-TrFE) Transducer with a Concave Annular Structure for the Layer Thickness Measurement 289 Masao Saito, Yusuke Tsukahara and Kiyohito Koyama Nondiffracting Transducers Using the Natural Resonant Eigenmodes of Circular Plates 295 P. Kielczynski and W. Pajewski APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1 Time Domain Colour Flow Imaging: Methods and Benefits Compared to Doppler 301 Odile Bonnefous In Vivo Measurement of Blood Flow Using Ultrasound Time-Domain Correlation 311 I. A. Hein, J. Zachary, R. Fish and W. D. O'Brien, Jr. Comparison of Estimation Strategies for Color Flow Mapping 317 Katherine Ferrara and V. Ralph Algazi Calculation of Doppler Spectra When Laminar Flow is Crossing the Acoustic Field of a Transducer at Arbitrary Distances 323 T. Vontz Quantitative Flow Measurement through Doppler Analysis at Right Angle 329 P. Tortoli, F. Valgimigli and V. L. Newhouse The Wigner Distribution in the Doppler Sonography 335 Olaf Skerl and Ingrid Hartmann Intraluminal Doppler-Sonography: Analysis and "In Vitro Test" of a New Device 341 Th. Roth, R. Brennecke, H. Conradi, R. Erbel, J. Meyer and W. v. Seelen Physical Foundation of Zero Crossing Techniques 347 Nicholas Thomas, Sidney Leeman and Inigo Deane APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2 New Developments in Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization 353 Frederic L. Lizzi A Few Effective Signal Processings for Reflection-Type Imaging of Nonlinear Parameter N of Soft Tissues 363 Takuso Sato, Eiichi Mori, Katsuya Endo, Yoshiki Yamakoshi and Mikiya Sase
Correlation between Histology and High Resolution Echographic Images of Small Skin Tumours 369 J. С Bamber, С. С Harland, B. A. Gusterson and P. S. Mortimer Intelligent Adaptive Filter in the Diagnosis of Diffuse and Focal Liver Disease 375 J. S. Bleck, M. Gebel, R. H. Hebel, S. Wagner, K. J. Schmitt, S. T. Kruip, M. Westhoff-Bleck and M. Wolf Echocardiography Image Analysis Based on the Evaluation of First Order Speckle Statistics 381 E. Steinmetz, R. Brennecke, I. Schmidtmann and R. Erbel Echo Signal Processing in Medical Ultrasound 387 L. Landini, F. Santarelli, M. Paterni, L. Verrazzani, A. Christ and H. J. Hein Texture Analysis of B-Scan Images: Transferability between Different Ultrasound Scanners 393 H.-U. Kauczor, M. Fein, I. Zuna, S. Delorme, N. Suhm, M. V. Knopp and G. van Kaick Ultrasonic Bone Tissue Characterization in Gaucher Disease Type I 399 J. J. Kaufman, A. Chiabrera, S. Fallot, J. M. Alves, G. Hermann, R. S. Siffert and G. Grabowski Application of Ultrasound Time-Domain Correlation to the Ageing of Porcine Muscle for the First Twenty-Four Hours Post Mortem 403 I. A. Hein, J. Novakofski, L. Nostwick and W. D. O'Brien, Jr. Attenuation Measurement with Transmitted and Reflected Ultrasound - A Comparison of Different Methods 409 G. Weisser, M. Fein, I. Zuna, A. Lorenz and W. J. Lorenz APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 3 Ultrasonic Tomography of Large, Attenuating Objects 415 N. Sponheim, I. Johansen and J. J. Stamnes Real-Time Imaging with Area-Array Transducers Using Analog Wave-Field Reproduction and an Application in Transcranial Sonography 421 Hans J. Einighammer Improvement of Lesion Detection by Echographic Image Processing 427 J. T. M. Verhoeven and J. M. Thijssen Turning Off Speckle 433 A. J. Healey, S. Leeman and F. Forsberg Physical Characterization of Microbubble Based Ultrasound Contrast Agents 439 H.-J. Schmidt, R. M. Schmitt, A. Irion and B. Bresser Effects of Speckle Reduction Processing on Ultrasound B-Mode Images of Skin Tumours 447 J. С Bamber, D. С Crawford, D. A. Bell, С. С. Harland, В. A. Gusterson and P. S. Mortimer
B-Scan Sonography in Dermatological Routine Diagnostics 453 Klaus Hoffmann, Harald Schatz, Stephan el-gammal and Peter Altmeyer Utilization of Surface Acoustic Waves and Shear Acoustic Properties for Imaging and Tissue Characterization 463 Armen Sarvazyan, Andrew Scovoroda and Dusan Vucelic Ultrasound Based Diagnosis of Immune Reactions in Transplanted Kidneys 469 T. Greiner, M. Jakobs, К. Eiden, M. Pandit, J. Mauruschat and F. W. Albert Ultrasound Velocity Imaging by a Pulse-Echo Technique 475 W. C. A. Pereira, S. Leeman and J. C. Machado Three-Dimensional Shaded Surface Reconstructions of Cardiac and Paracardiac Structures 481 Ralf Hammentgen and Stephan el-gammal Artifact Resistant Gray Scale Windows in Clinical Ultrasound of the Liver 487 J. S. Bleck, M. Gebel, M. Westhoff-Bleck and U. Ranft A Simulation Study of Structural Scattering in Ultrasonic B-Mode Imaging 493 E. G. M. P. Jacobs, J. M. Thijssen and B. J. Oosterveld APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 4 Implementation of the Scanning Tomographic Acoustic Microscope for Multiple - Angle Tomography 499 Richard Y. Chiao and Hua Lee SAM Investigations: The Structural Basis of Cell Surface Stiffness of Cultured Cells 511 H. Lüers, J. Bereiter-Hahn and J. Litniewski Ultrasound Microscopy of Biological Structures with Weak Reflecting Properties 517 Hartmut Kanngiesser and Max Anliker Acoustic Imaging of the Mitotic Spindle in Dividing XTH2-Cells 523 A. Lindner, S. Winkelhaus and M. Häuser Preparation Techniques in Acoustical and Optical Microscopy of Biological Tissues, A Study at 5 MHz and 1.2 GHz 529 A. F. W. van der Steen, M. H. M. Cuypers, J. M. Thijssen, G. P. J. Ebben and P. C. M. de Wilde Acoustic Velocity Determination in Cytoplasm by V(Z) Shift 535 J. Litniewski and J. Bereiter-Hahn Acoustical Microscopy Applications for Living Cells Investigations 539 T. Tommasi, A. Cambiaso, G. Buzzoni, M. Grattarola and B. Bianco APPLICATIONS IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 1 Synthetic Aperture Focussing Technique - State of the Art 545 V. Schmitz, W. Müller and G. Schäfer
Volume Acquisition and Visualization of High-Frequency Ultrasound Data 553 U. Netzelmann, R. Herzer, H. Stolz and W. Arnold Ultrasonic Defect Imaging by a Probabilistic Approach 559 Jiaping Zhang Experiments and Experiences Using Filtering and Data Reduction Techniques for Imaging in Nondestructive Testing 567 L. v. Bernus, F. Mohr, T. Schmeidl, H. Ermert, M. Pollakowski, M. Kröning, V. Schmitz, К. J. Langenberg and M. Berger Ultrasonic Imaging of Damages in CFRP-Laminates 575 Wolfgang Hillger Imaging of Defects in Thin-Walled Tubing Using Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight 581 W. R. Fundamenski, M. P. Dolbey and M. D. С Moles Ultrasonic Imaging of Impact Damaged Composite Panels 589 B. D. Davidson, J. E. Michaels, V. Sundararaman and Т. Е. Michaels Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Damage Evolution in Composite Materials 595 Elena Biagi, Andrea Corvi and Leonardo Masotti Ultrasonic Imaging of the Asphaltic Concrete Surface Layer 601 Romuald Jan Sztukiewicz APPLICATIONS IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 2 New Developments in Scanning Acoustic Microscopy 607 J. Attal, L. Robert, G. Despaux, R. Caplain and J. M. Saurel Inversion of V(z) Data in the Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) to Determine Material Properties of a Layered Solid 617 Zuliang Yu and Siegfried Boseck Description of Elastic Discontinuities with the Scanning Acoustic Microscope 623 X. Q. Shen and S. Boseck Acoustic Parameter Mapping of Layered Materials Using a Lamb Wave Lens 627 A. Atalar, L. Degertekin and H. Köymen Thickness Measurement of Passivated Metallization Layers by Saw Dispersion 633 Jens Krause and Bernhard Schwierzi Formation of the Images of Spherical Objects in Acoustic Microscopy 639 Oleg Lobkis and Pavel Zinin Acoustic Scanning Microscope for Investigation of Subsurface Defects 645 Konstantin Maslov Study of Structure and Properties of Highly Anisotropic Materials by Acoustomicroscopical Methods 651 V. M. Levin, R. G. Maev, K. I. Maslov, T. A. Senjushkina, I. G. Grigorieva and I. Baranchikova
Exploration of Thin Wall Tube Defects by a Novel Ultrasonic Shadow Microscope 657 Xuan-Min Yang, Ming Yi and Jin-Fu Gan Imaging Properties of the Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) 661 E. Forgber, A. Gadomski and S. Boseck APPLICATIONS IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 3 Imaging of Crystal Defects by Sound-Beam Topography Using Wavelengths in the Submicrometer Range 667 Th. Aeugle and O. Weis Acoustic Microscopy for Material Characterization 673 T. Kundu, M. A. Awal and A. Mahalanobis Transmission Acoustic Microscopy Investigation 679 Roman Maev, Oleg Kolosov, Vadim Levin and Oleg Lobkis Acoustic Microscope for Measuring Acoustic Properties by Micro-Defocusing Method 685 Noriyoshi Chubachi, Hiroshi Kanai, Toshio Sannomiya and Toshihiro Wakahara Observation of Microcrack Damage in Al 0 -Ceramics by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering 691 S. Pangraz, E. Babilon and W. Arnold Continuous Wave Transmission Measuring Scanning Acoustic Microscope 697 A. Kulik, P. Richard, S. Sathish and G. Gremaud Restauration of Defocussed Images of Glass/Water-Edges and Chromium/Glass-Edges in Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) 703 H. Siebel and S. Boseck Nondestructive Monitoring Damage in Composites Using Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscopy 709 А. С Wey, L. W. Kessler and H. L. M. dos Reis Imaging of Integrated Circuit Packaging Technologies Using Scanning Acoustic Microscopy 717 J. Flannery, G. M. Crean and S. С. О Mathuna Scanning Acoustic Microscopy as a Non-Destructive Technique for Process Monitoring of High Power Semiconductor Devices 723 J. Attal, B. Bianco, A. Cambiaso, D. E. Crees, P. Dargent, F. Fasce, D. R. Newcombe, J. С Noack, J. M. Saurel and M. Zambelli Investigations of Damaged Metal Matrix Composites by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy 731 H.-A. Crostack, G. Fischer and U. Beller Tunneling Microscopy of Acoustic Waves 737 E. Chilla, W. Rohrbeck, H.-J. Fröhlich and J. Riedel APPLICATIONS IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 4 Imaging of Laser-Generated Ultrasonic Waves in Silicon 743 Arthur G. Every and Wolfgang Sachse
Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy of Residual Stresses in Ceramics: Theory and Experiment 749 John H. Cantrell and Menglu Qian Signal Generation and Contrast Mechanisms in Electron and Photo Acoustic Imaging of Differently Doped Silicon 755 M. Domnik and L. J. Balk Visualization of Douphine Twin in Quartz Filter by Electron Acoustic Microscopy 761 V. L. Gurtovoi and V. G. Eremenko An Improved Measurement System for the Investigation of Sensitive Specimens by Means of Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy (SEAM) 767 K. Kaufmann, P. Koschinski, U. Zinke and L. J. Balk Capacitive Transducers for Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy (SEAM) 773 M. Domnik and L. J. Balk Imaging and Characterization of Wear Behavior in WC+Co Coating and 45# Steel by Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy 779 F. M. Jiang, S. X. Hui and Q. R. Yin REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS 1 Acoustic Imaging at the Planetary Scale 785 Adam M. Dziewonski and Robert L. Woodward The Use of the Seismic Waves Nonlinear Interactions for Remote Sensing of Geological Data 799 Igor Beresnev The CRE-Method: A Technique of Homeomorphic Imaging in Processing of Seismic Data 803 H. Steentoft and W. Rabbel A Study of Cross-Holes Inverse Scattering Tomography with Maximum Entropy 811 Feng Yin, Benli Gu and Yu Wei Seismic Tomographic Reconstruction: Field Cases and Theoretical Studies 817 Bodo Lehmann, Christoph Gelbke and Francesco Miranda The Simulation Study of Inversion of Two-Dimensional Elastic Wave Equation with Two Variable 823 Ji Ying, Chen Yong and Gu Benli Sampling Multidimensional Seismic Data - A Study Case 829 Virgil Bardan Several Problems of Geophysical Diffraction Tomography - Towards Practical Application 835 B. Gu, Y. Ji, J. Qiao and H. Ji On the Estimation of the Bottom Geoacoustic Parameters Using Measurements of Plane Wave Reflection Parameters 841 M. I. Taroudakis, P. J. Papadakis, J. S. Papadakis and E. Simantiraki
Validation of a Finite Element Modelization of Shallow Waves Propagation F. Eiselt, I. Shahrour, J. С Tricot, Ph. Pernod and B. Delannoy 847 REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS 2 Acoustical Remote Sensing in the Atmosphere 853 Gerhard Peters Reconstruction of Fluid Vorücity by Acoustic Tomography 861 Daniel Rouseff Digital Holographic Imaging for Underwater Acoustic Applications 867 G. A. Shippey, R. McHugh and J. G. Paul A Simulation Study of 3D Image Generation Using Fan-Beam Sonars 873 Rajendar Bahl and John P. Powers High-Resolution Array Processing Experiments with Multibeam Echo Sounder 879 Timo-Pekka Jäntti A Multibeam Sonar for Fishery 885 P. Challande, P. Alais, L. Eljaafari, R. Person and N. Diner Focusing Beamforming by Optical Processors for Underwater Acoustical Imaging 891 Hubert Burggraf and Dirk Rathjen Modal Analysis of Sound Field in Deep Sea 897 Yu. A. Chepurin, V. V. Goncharov and A. G. Voronovich 3-D High Resolution Sonar Imaging 903 O. George, N. Rajpal, R. Bahl, T. B. Rao and V. Natrajan Resolution Improvement in Sonar Using Deconvolution Filtering 909 Andrzej Dyka and Marek Moszyriski Directivity Pattern of Active Sonars with Wideband Signals 915 Jacek Marszal Improving Resolution of Sensor Array Images Using Multiple Frames of Data 921 B. Yegnanarayana, R. Ramaseshan and A. Ravichandran Underwater Acoustic Field in the Presence of Coastlines: A Uniform GTD Approach 927 Leonidas P. Ivrissimtzis and Dimitris P. Chrissoulidis INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Two-Phase Flow Measurement in Pipelines Using Ultrasonic-Tomography 933 Mohammed Ali Seiraffi A Method to Measure the Movement of a Rough Plane Ultrasonically by Doppler-Phase Shift 939 Juha Kortelainen
Touchless Determination of 3-D-Arbitrary Surfaces with High Accuracy Using 500 khz Air Ultrasound 945 R. M. Schmitt, M. Klein and F. W. Baisch Acoustic Returns from a Wind-Excited Surface Covered with Monomolecular Oil Films 951 Stanislaw J. Pogorzelski Object Recognition Using an Ultrasonic Sensor System 957 M. Lach and H. Ermert Participants 963 Index 981 XIX