In-vitro Efficacy of Different Fungicides against Pathogens Causing Wilt of Betelvine

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1 Available online at Mosbah et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): xxx-xxx (08) ISSN: 0 70 DOI: ISSN: 0 70 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08) Research Article In-vitro Efficacy of Different Fungicides against Pathogens ausing Wilt of Betelvine Divya Bharathi A. R. * and V. I. Benagi Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India *orresponding Author divyagowda.ar@gmail.com Received: Revised: Accepted: ABSTRAT Different non systemic, systemic and combi product fungicides were evaluated in vitro against Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium solani causing wilt of betelvine. Among the non systemic fungicides evaluated aptan showed maximum per cent inhibition in mycelia growth of S. rolfsii (.9 ), R. bataticola (8.9) and F. solani (8.07) at 0.% concentration. Among the different systemic fungicides tested, Hexaconazole and Propiconazole at 0.% concentration showed cent percent inhibition against S. rolfsii, Propiconazole showed cent per cent inhibition of R. bataticola.. Tebuconazole and Propiconazole showed cent per cent inhibition of F. solani. Among the combi-products tested aptan 70 %+ Hexaconazole % WP (Taqat) showed cent per cent inhibition against S. rolfsii and F. solani at 0., 0. and 0.% concentration, for R. bataticola at 0. and 0.% concentration. Least inhibition in mycelia growth was recorded in Tricyclazole 8% + Mancozeb % WP (Merger). Key words: Betelvine, Fungicides, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium solani. INTRODUTION Betelvine (Piper betle L.) commonly known as pan is a perennial, dioecious creeper belonging to the family Piperaceae and is a native of central and eastern Malaysia. It is valued both as mild stimulant and for its medicinal properties. It occupies a significance place in Hindu religious ceremonies and chewing pan is an age old custom in Asia especially in India. Successful cultivation of betelvine suffers from root and aerial diseases among these wilt/ root rot caused by many fungal pathogens like Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia solani, R. bataticola, Fusarium spp, Pythium spp and Sclerotium rolfsii along with root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita results in significant yield losses. It is necessary to generate information on the efficacy of available new fungicides and botanicals under laboratory conditions. Since this forms the prerequisite for field evaluation the present study was under taken to screen various fungicides In-vitro to manage the wilt of betelvine. ite this article: Bharathi, D.A.R. and Benagi, V.I., In-vitro Efficacy of Different Fungicides against Pathogens ausing Wilt of Betelvine, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08). doi: opyright March-April, 08; IJPAB 87

2 Bharathi and Benagi Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08) ISSN: 0 70 MATERIAL AND METHODS followed by Zineb (0.%), 8.9% The experiment was conducted at Department inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola was found of Plant Pathology, ollege of Agriculture, in aptan followed by 8.9% in opper Dharwad during 0-. Efficacy of different oxychloride these two are on par with each non-systemic, systemic and combi-product other. In case of Fusarium solani 8.07% fungicides at different concentrations were inhibition recorded in aptan followed by evaluated on radial growth of the test fungi by Zineb (8.9%) (Table and Plate ). This poisoned food technique. may be due to interference of captan with Isolation of pathogens respiration and growth of the fungus. These The pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia results are in agreement with the findings of bataticola and Fusarium solani were isolated Rather et al., they found aptan as effective from the diseased parts of the wilt affected in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Fusarium betelvine plants by following standard tissue oxysporum, Phytopthora capsici, Rhizoctonia isolation method. Pure cultures were solani and S. rolfsii causing wilt complex in maintained on Potato Dextrose Agar slants. Evaluation of fungicides bellpepper. The efficacy of non-systemic and combiproduct fungicides at the concentrations of 0., Hexaconazole at 0.0, 0.0 and 0.% Among the systemic fungicides, 0. and 0. % and systemic fungicides at the concentration showed cent percent inhibition concentration of 0.0, 0.0 and 0. % was against S. rolfsii, Propiconazole and assayed. The fungicides were tested against Hexaconazole showed cent per cent inhibition the pathogens by adopting Poisoned food of R. bataticola. At 0.%. Tebuconazole and technique. The required concentration of Propiconazole showed cent per cent inhibition chemicals was prepared and incorporated into of F. solani at 0.% (Table and Plate ). sterilized, cooled potato dextrose agar. Twenty This inhibition by triazole fungicides may be ml of molten cooled medium was poured into due to their interference with the ergosterol 90 mm sterilized Petri dishes and all plates biosynthesis. Similar findings were reported were inoculated with actively growing five by Sangeetha and Jahagirdar on S. rolfsii, R. mm mycelial disc of pathogens separately. The bataticola and Fusarium sp. causing root rot plates prepared without any fungicide served complex of soybean, where as Hexaconazole as control. The experiment was conducted in and Propiconazole recorded maximum completely randomised block design (RBD) inhibiton of all the three pathogens. with three replications in each treatment. The Among the combi-products tested inoculated plates were incubated at 7± O for aptan 70 %+ Hexaconazole % WP (Taqat) seven days and colony diameter was recorded. showed cent per cent inhibition against all the Per cent inhibition of mycelial growth over three pathogens. Hexaconazole % + Zineb control was calculated by using the formula of Vincent. 8% WP (Avtar), Thiram 7. + arboxin T 7. WP (Vitavax power) and Tebuconazole I = X 00 0%+ trifloxystrobin % WG (Nativo) showed cent per cent inhibition of S. rolfsii at 0., 0. and 0.% concentration and were Where significantly superior over Tricyclazole 8% + I = Per cent inhibition of mycelial growth = Growth of mycelium in control. T = Growth of mycelium in treatment. RESULTS AND DISUSSION Among the non-systemic fungicides, aptan showed.9% inhibition of Sclerotium rolfsii Mancozeb % WP (Merger) which was found to be least effective (7.7%). In case of R. bataticola arbendazim % + Mancozeb % WP (SAAF) and Hexaconazole % + Zineb 8% WP (Avtar) recorded cent percent inhibition of pathogen growth at all concentrations tested. aptan 70 %+ Hexaconazole % WP (Taqat) and Thiram opyright March-April, 08; IJPAB 88

3 Bharathi and Benagi Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08) ISSN: arboxin 7. WP (Vitavax power) ombi product have different mode of action recorded cent per cent inhibition at 0. and and avoids the development of resistance to 0.%. In case of F. solani, aptan 70 %+ systemic fungicides. Similar results were Hexaconazole % WP (Taqat), arbendazim observed earlier by Raghu who found that % + Mancozeb % WP (SAAF) and aptan 70 %+ Hexaconazole % WP (Taqat) Tebuconazole0%+ trifloxystrobin % WG and Hexaconazole % + Zineb 8% WP (Nativo) recorded cent per cent inhibition of (Avtar) recorded maximum inhibition of radial growth of the pathogen at all mycelia growth of fungi causing chilli wilt. concentrations tested (Table and Plate ). Table : Inhibition of mycelia growth of betelvine wilt pathogens by different non systemic fungicides Name of the hemical hlorothalonil ( Kavach 7 WP) Per cent inhibition Sclerotium rolfsii Rhizoctonia bataticola Fusarium solani Mean Mean Mean 7.78 (.9) *. (8.) 0.7 (9.7).79 (0.8) 7.0 (7.0).89 (.).7 (.8). (0.).7 (8.8).0 (.99) 9. (.9).78 (.8) Mancozeb (Indofil M- 7 WP). (.9) 7. (.).8 (9.89) 8.77 (.). (.9).0 (.77) 70.9 (.9).7 (8.) 0.7 (.) 7. (7.) 7.70 (9.8) 8. (.98) aptan (aptaf 0 WP). (9.7).8 (.08).9 (.).8 (.80) 8.0 (.) 8.8 (7.0) 8.9 (8.0) 8.0 (.0) 9.07 (0.) 7. (8.9) 8.07 (.) 7. (8.7) Zineb (DithaneZ-78 7WP) opper oxychloride (Blitox 0 WP).7 (.) 0.00 (0.00) 0.9 (.) 0.00 (0.00) 0. (.) 7.78 (.9) * Figures in parenthesis are arcsine transformations.8 (.).9 (8.) 7.78 (8.8) (.7) 7.7 (0.) 8.9 (.) (.) 8.9 (7.0) 7.7 (0.) 8.7 (.).78 (.) 8. (.79).8 (.) 7. (8.) 8.9 (.8) 79. (.9) 70. (7.9) 7.7 (8.99) Mean (.8) (8.8) (9.9) (0.77) (.8) (.) (9.9) (.) (.7) (.7) (.) (.70) S. Em.±.D. at % S. Em.±.D. at % S. Em.±.D. at % Fungicides (F) oncentration () Interaction (Fx) Name of the chemicals arbendazim (Bavistin 0 WP) Difenconazole (Score E) Hexaconazole (ontaf E) Thiophanate methyl( Roko 70 WP) Tebuconazole (Folicure 0 E) Propiconazole (Tilt E) Mean Table : Inhibition of mycelia growth of betelvine wilt pathogens by different systemic fungicides Per cent inhibition Sclerotium rolfsii Rhizoctonia bataticola Fusarium solani Mean Mean Mean (0.00)* (.0) (.78) (8.9) (.) (.9) (9.87) (7.7) (.0) (7.7) (.) (.) (.78) (.79) (.) (.) (8.) (.) (.8) (.9) (7.) (7.) (9.) (8.) (8.) (.70) (70.7) (9.88) (.) (.77) (.99) 0.00 (0.00) 8. (.) 8. (.) 8.8 (.9) 7. (0.8) 80.7 (.97) 8.8 (7.08) 80.7 (.8) 0.00 (9.).0 (.87) 7. (8.0).8 (.77) 88.8 (70.0) 9.8 (8.0) 7.70 (9.) 7. (9.7) 9.8 (8.) 8.0 (.8) 87.9 (9.8) 89.9 (7.9) 9.0 (7.8) (7.) (8.8) (8.7) (.77) (9.87) (7.) (.8) (9.7) (7.70) (9.9) (9.0) (.9) (7.9) (8.0) (.) (7.80) (.) (9.) (9.9) (9.9) (.) S. Em.±.D. at % S. Em.±.D. at % S. Em.±.D. at % Fungicides (F) oncentration () Interaction (Fx) * Figures in parenthesis are arcsine transformations opyright March-April, 08; IJPAB 89

4 Bharathi and Benagi Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08) ISSN: 0 70 Table : Inhibition of mycelia growth of betelvine wilt pathogens by different combiproduct fungicides Name of the chemicals aptan 70 %+ Hexaconazole % WP (Taqat ) arbendazim % + Mancozeb % WP SAAF Hexaconazole % + Zineb 8% WP (Avtar) Thiram 7. %+ arboxin 7.% WP ( Vitavax power) Tricyclazole 8% + Mancozeb % WP (Merger) Tebuconazole0%+ trifloxystrobin % WG (Nativo ) Metiram complex % + Pyraclostrobin % WG (abrio top) Per cent inhibition Sclerotium rolfsii Rhizoctonia bataticola Fusarium solani Mean Mean Mean * 8.7 (7.) 7.9 (.) (.79) Mean 90. (77.98) 87.9 (9.0) 7. (9.0) 8.7 (8.9) 9. (79.7) 9.0 (7.) 7.7 (0.) 87. (9.) 9. (80.) 88. (70.8) 7.8 (8.7) 8.8 (.87) 9. (79.) 8.89 (.) 8.70 (.0) 8. (.0) 8.07 (.8) 8. (.77) 88. (7.00) 8. (.9) 8. (.0) 8. (.77) 9. (79.9) 87.9 (9.0) 9.78 (7.) 97.9 (8.8) 9. (8.) 9.7 (8.07) 8.88 (7.7) 89.0 (7.8) 87. (9.) 9.9 (79.7) 8. (.7) 8.89 (.) 7.9 (.) (.79) 8. (7.9) 8.00 (7.) 8. (7.7) 70.7 (7.0) 7.9 (8.) 87. (7.) 87.0 (8.99) 87.9 (9.7) 7.70 (9.) 7.8 (9.88) (7.9) S. Em.±.D. at % S. Em.±.D. at % S. Em.±.D. at % Fungicides (F) oncentration () Interaction (Fx) * Figures in parenthesis are arcsine transformations 8.0 (7.) 8.80 (7.90) 70.8 (7.) 7.7 (8.7) 87.7 (7.0) 0.% 0.% 0.% - hlorothalonil - Mancozeb - aptan - Zineb - opper oxychloride - ontrol Sclerotium rolfsii 0.% 0.% 0.% - aptan - hlorothalonil - opper oxychloride - Mancozeb - Zineb - ontrol Rhizoctonia bataticola 0.% 0.% 0.% - aptan - Zineb - opper oxychloride - hlorothalonil - Mancozeb - ontrol Fusarium solani Plate : In vitro evaluation of non systemic fungicides against betelvine wilt pathogens opyright March-April, 08; IJPAB 90

5 Bharathi and Benagi Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08) ISSN: % 0.0 % 0.% - Propiconazole - Tebuconazole - Thiophanate methyl - Hexaconazole - Difenconazole - arbendazim - ontrol Sclerotium rolfsii 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.% - Propiconazole - Tebuconazole - Thiophanate methyl - Hexaconazole - Difenconazole - arbendazim - ontrol Rhizoctonia bataticola 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.% - Thiophanate methyl - Tebuconazole - arbendazim - Hexaconazole - Difenconazole - Propiconazole -ontrol Fusarium solani Plate : In vitro evaluation of systemic fungicides against betelvine wilt pathogens 0.% 0.% 0.% 7 - abrio top - Nativo - Merger - Vitavax power - Avatar - SAAF 7- Taqat - ontrol Sclerotium rolfsii 0.% 0.% 0.% 7 - abrio top - Nativo - Merger - Vitavax power - Avatar - SAAF 7- Taqat - ontrol Rhizoctonia bataticola 0.% 0.% 0.% 7 - SAAF - abrio top - Nativo - Merger - Taqat - Vitavax power 7- Avatar - ontrol Fusarium solani Plate : In vitro evaluation of combi-product fungicides against betelvine wilt pathogens opyright March-April, 08; IJPAB 9

6 Bharathi and Benagi Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. (): 87-9 (08) ISSN: 0 70 ONLUSION hemical management is an important tool for control of diseases, including soil-borne diseases. Identification of efficacy of new fungicides under In -vitro would enable consolidation of different components required to formulate integrated disease management under In-vivo. REFERENES. Brahmankar, S.B., Dange, N.R. and Deepali, G.T., Organisms associated with wilted betelvine in Vidarbha. Int. J. Pl. Protec., (): -8 (0).. Nene, Y.L. and Thapliyal, P.N., Fungicides in plant disease control. ( th edition) Oxford and IBH Publishing co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. p. (99).. Raghu, S., Studies on chilli wilt complex disease, Ph. D Thesis. Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad, Karnataka (India) (0).. Rather, T.R., Razdan, V.K., Tewari, A.K., Shanaz, E., Bhat, Z.A., Hassan, M.G. and Wani, T.A., Integrated management of wilt complex disease in bell pepper (apsicum annum L.). J. Agric. Sci., (7): -7 (0).. Sangeetha, T.V. And Jahagirdar, S., Screening of new molecules of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium sp. causing root rot/wilt complex of soybean. Int. J. Agric. Sci., (): 90-9 (0).. Vincent, J.M., Distortion of fungal hyphe in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature., 0: p 80 (97). opyright March-April, 08; IJPAB 9