DAILY NEWS BULLETIN LEADING HEALTH, POPULATION AND FAMILY WELFARE STORIES OF THE DAY Friday

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1 DAILY NEWS BULLETIN LEADING HEALTH, POPULATION AND FAMILY WELFARE STORIES OF THE DAY Friday खसर वǾȯȡ 15 स ल तक क Í ɉक f एमआर क ȣ ȡ Ǿ ȣ(dainik Jagran: ) ȡÏ ÞǗȪ, नई Ǒãȣ: खसर व Ǿȯȡ ȧ र कथ म क f ǑãȣɅ16 ȣ स ȯ ȣ ȡ \ ȡ चल ग इसक तहत न म ह स ल कर 15 [तक ȧ`ĩ क सभ Í ɉ क एमआर (खसर -Ǿȯȡ) क ȣ ȡलग ग Ʌġȣ èȡèø Ȳğ, Ǒãȣसरक र क ǐȡ ãȡ Ǔȯȡ, ǗǓ ȯ व æ èȡèø स गठन (ÞãǗf j ) क सहय ग स यह ȣ ȡ \ ȡ चल य ज एग ^ ȧ ȡ ȡȣद न क f इन सभ ɉक \ ȡȣव ĤǓǓ Ȣ ȡस Ǖ ȡǓ ह ए और ȡ[Ȫ ȡबत ई इस द र न ǐȡ ãȡ Ǔȯȡ ȧǔȯ ड. न प र म ड ज न कह जन Í ɉक पहल एमएमआर (खसर, à व Ǿȯȡ) क द Ǘè ड ज ȣȯलग च क ɇ, `Û Ʌभ एमआर ȣ ȡलग न Ǿȣह `Û ɉȯकह 20 ȡɉस ǑãȣɅएमआर ȣ ȡछ ट Í ɉक लग य ज त ह क ई ȣ ȡस ȧ तक Ȣȡǐɉस बच व ȣȳकरत, ^ f ब र-ब र ȣ ȡलग य ज त ह एमआर क ȣ ȡ लग न क ब वज द खसर क म मल ǑãȣɅआत ɇ@^ f न ȣȯस 15 स ल तक क Í ɉक

2 ȣ ȡलग न क \ ȡ ǑãȣɅǕǾ ȡज एग यह 55 ल ख Í ɉक ȣ ȡलग ग द श Ʌ 20 कर ड़ Í ɉक पहल ȣयह ȣ ȡलग च क ह पहल फ ज Ʌसभ ȡȣव Ǔ ȢèǗɉɅȣ ȡलग य ज एग इसक f èǘɉक ɉस \ ȡȣम ल क त कर च क ɇ@èǘ भ Í ɉक \ ȡ ɉक \ ȡ ȧ ȡ ȡȣद च क ɇ@ ȣ ȡ Ǖ, ãȯब ख र ȧ ह सकत ह èȡ: ȯ ɉ क अन स र एमआर ȣ ȡǗȣ तरह Ǖ ह, ^ f Ȫɉक घबर न ȧ Ǿ ȣȳह क छ Í ɉक ã ȡब ख र ह सकत ह पर इसक क ई ǕçĤȡ ȣȳह ǗǓ ȯ क अन स र [2015 ɅǕǓȡभर Ʌखसर स एक ल ख 34 हज र 200 Í ɉ ȧम त ह ई थ, ȣȳभ रत Ʌ49,200 Í ɉ ȧम त ह ई, ज Ǘȣ ǕǓ ȡ Ʌखसर स ह ई म त क ȣ 36 ȧ ह इस द र न Ʌġȣ èȡèø Ȳğ क `ȡǕÈ (ȣ ȡ ) ड. Ĥȣ हलदर, Ǒãȣ क ǐȡ ãȡ Ǔȯȡ क \ ȡȣ ड. स र श स ठ Ǒ कई ल ग म ज द थ MR vaccine: 300 schools yet to get on board, govt says will reach out (Hindustan Times: ) NEWDELHI: At least 300 formal and informal schools in Delhi-NCR are yet to agree to the government s measles-rubella vaccination campaign, which is set to start from January 16, according to officials. Around 40 are registered schools while the rest are informal play schools and madrasas. More than 55 lakh children between the ages of 9 months and 15 years (Class 10) will receive the vaccine to prevent the contagious viral diseases. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease which causes fever, runny nose, cough, and rashes and complications such as encephalitis (swelling of the brain membrane) and may lead to death. Rubella causes mild fever and rashes but in pregnant women, it can lead to spontaneous abortion and birth defects. Quite a registered schools are the elite ones that do not have faith in the government system. However, the government has the resources to carry out the best immunisation programmes - there is a marker on every vial and its colour changes if a proper cold chain is not maintained

3 or if a vaccine is not used within 8 hours after opening, we discard it, no questions asked. The syringe is also auto-disabled, so it cannot be used a second time, said Dr Nutan Mundeja, Delhi s director general of health services. The government hopes that these schools, that together have 3 lakh students, will join once the programme is carried out successfully in other schools. We are hoping that these schools will also join in once the campaign starts. In fact, we are starting off with Delhi Public School, Mathura Road, to motivate other private schools. Even if some say no, we will reach out to those children during the outreach and mop-up, said Dr Suresh Seth, state programme officer for immunisation. The campaign will be carried out in a phased manner students from around 5,400 big schools in the city will receive the vaccines between January 16 and February 2, after which there will be a gap because the national pulse polio drive is scheduled. From February 11, for another two weeks, 4,300 other small and informal schools will be targeted along with an outreach with the health of ASHAs and ANMs. And then, there will be a mop up for another week to vaccinate anyone who has been left out. The children who receive the vaccines will be given a certificate and marked by ink on their nails, to ensure that they are not given the shots again. We will also check with students from Noida and Ghaziabad whether they received the vaccine when the campaign was carried out in Uttar Pradesh to avoid duplication. And, even if they do get another dose, there is no harm. In fact, because all the neighbouring states have already completed their campaigns, there should not be a problem with unvaccinated migrant population coming in after the campaign, said Dr Mundeja. In fact, the additional dose offers herd immunity (immunity of a population to a disease) because even if all the children receive the first two doses of the vaccine, only 85% develop resistance to measles and 95% to rubella, said Dr Pradeep Haldar. Over 22 lakh children from 30 states and union territories have already been vaccinated. Similar campaigns are underway in Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, after which only West Bengal, Sikkim and Rajasthan would be left for the campaign. The target is to reach around 40 lakh children across the country.

4 City set to roll out largest immunisation drive against measles-rubella (The Hindu: ) Five-week MR vaccination campaign to target children in the age group of 9 months to less than 15 years in 11 districts The city is all set to see the roll-out of one of its largest immunisation drives offering 55 lakh children in the age group of 9 months to less than 15 years measles-rubella (MR) vaccination additional cover. Starting on January 16, the five-week MR campaign aims to offer vaccination to children in the eleven districts of Delhi covering all pre-school children, school students (government and private) and out-of-school children. Children will be provided with an additional dose of MR vaccine regardless of previous vaccination status or history of measles/rubella-like illness. Orientation programme Departments of Health and Education are also partnering in the MR campaign so that students and teachers of all the schools in the city actively participate. The campaign will include orientation for officers/principals, teachers and students by experts from the Health Department. The MR campaign will be conducted within a period of 3-4 weeks starting January 16. Vaccination programme will be conducted in the schools during the first 2 weeks, explained Nutan Mundeja, Director of Directorate of Family Welfare, Delhi government. Dr. Mundeja was speaking at a workshop, organised by the Directorate of Family Welfare with the support of UNICEF and World Health Organisation, on the campaign in the city on Thursday. What is rubella? The campaign marks the introduction of rubella vaccine in India s childhood immunisation programme for the first time. Rubella, which is commonly referred to as German measles is a mild infection, but can have serious consequences if it occurs in pregnant women. The new MR vaccine also protects against measles, a major killer of small children. Highly contagious, it spreads through coughing and 1,34,200 measles deaths were reported globally in 2015 out of which around 49,200 occurred in India [nearly 36 per cent]. Those who survive are more vulnerable to complications such as diarrhoea and pneumonia, explained

5 Pradeep Haldar, Deputy Commissioner of Immunisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Dr. Haldar added that India is committed to eliminate measles and control rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by The largest ever vaccination campaign worldwide aims to cover approximately 40 crore children. 20 crore kids covered Children will be given a single shot of MR vaccination during the campaign. Since the launch in 2017, the MRV campaign has covered nearly 20 crore children in 30 States and Union Territories. Immunisation is one of the most effective and cost-effective way to protect children s lives. The recently introduced vaccine will be provided for free during the campaign in schools, health centres and outreach session sites. This is a major step to achieve our goals, said Dr. Haldar. \ ã ȡ^ ȧȣȡȣ \ ã ȡ^ क स क त ह सकत ह Í Ȣन द (Dainik Jagran: ) Ǖ Ǖ[Ȫɉ Ʌ ȣ न द क कम ह त ज न \ ã ȡ^ ȧ Ȣȡȣ क स क त ह सकत ह \ ã ȡ^ Ǒȡ स ज ड़ Ȣȡȣह, ǔ ɅȢ ȧȡȡæ कमज र ह ज त ह उस ब लन और समझन Ʌभ पर श न क स मन करन पड़त ह \ ȯǐ ȡ क ȡ Ȳ ǗǓ [ȣèǘ ऑफ ȯ क Ȫ ȡ[j Ȳन बत य ȡɉक स ज न और स बह त ज एहस स क स थ ज गन Ʌ ȣ न द ȧ अहम Ǘ ȡ ह त ह स इ स ĚȡȲ ȯ ȯ [ ɅĤ ȡ श ध क Ǖȡǒ बड़ `Ĩ Ʌ ȣन द क समय कम ह त ज न Ǒȡ ȧखर ब स हत क स क त ह सकत ह \ èʌ ĤȪȯ ĦɅ ल स न कह न द क è क \ ã ȡ^ ȧȣȡȣक पत लग न Ʌ स क तक क त र पर भ ^èȯȡ ȡज सकत ह आमत र पर इस Ȣȡȣक स मन आन स ȣ द दशक पहल स ȣǒȡ ɅȢȡȣ ȧवजह बनन व ल एमल यड ब ट ĤȪȣ ȧपरत बनन लगत ह ऐस Ʌन द क è समय रहत Ȣȡȣक पत लग न Ʌमददग र ह सकत ह (ĤȯĚ)

6 Decreased deep sleep may signal Alzheimer s disease: Study (The Indian Express: ) Most 80 per cent were cognitively normal, and the remaining were very mildly impaired. The researchers monitored the participants' sleep at home over the course of a normal week. Feeling sleepy during the day may trigger Alzheimer s: Study Families cope with emotional struggle as dementia arrives too early for some Reducing Alzheimer s stigma crucial for prevention research European Heart Journal, more than eight hours sleep harmful death risk disease risk, more than eight hours sleep harmful, is too much sleep harmful, how much sleep is good, sleep time, sleep and health time, indian express, indian express news Should you sleep for more than eight hours? (Source: File Photo) Older people who get less deep sleep have higher levels of the brain protein tau, a sign of cognitive decline and Alzheimer s disease, according to a study. Slow-wave sleep is the deep sleep people need to consolidate memories and wake up feeling refreshed, said researchers at the Washington University School of Medicine in the US. The findings, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, suggest that poorquality sleep in later life could be a red flag for deteriorating brain health. What s interesting is that we saw this inverse relationship between decreased slow-wave sleep and more tau protein in people who were either cognitively normal or very mildly impaired, meaning that reduced slow-wave activity may be a marker for the transition between normal and impaired, said Brendan Lucey, an assistant professor at the Washington University. Measuring how people sleep may be a noninvasive way to screen for Alzheimer s disease before or just as people begin to develop problems with memory and thinking, Lucey said. The brain changes that lead to Alzheimer s, a disease that affects an estimated 5.7 million Americans, start slowly and silently. Up to two decades before the characteristic symptoms of memory loss and confusion appear, amyloid beta protein begins to collect into plaques in the brain. Tangles of tau appear later, followed by atrophy of key brain areas. Only then do people start showing unmistakable signs of cognitive decline. The challenge is finding people on track to develop Alzheimer s before such brain changes undermine their ability to think clearly. For that, sleep may be a handy marker. To better

7 understand the link between sleep and Alzheimer s disease, Lucey, along with David Holtzman, a professor at Washington University, and colleagues studied 119 people 60 years of age or older. Most 80 per cent were cognitively normal, and the remaining were very mildly impaired. The researchers monitored the participants sleep at home over the course of a normal week. Participants were given a portable EEG monitor that strapped to their foreheads to measure their brain waves as they slept, as well as a wristwatch-like sensor that tracks body movement. They also kept sleep logs, where they made note of both nighttime sleep sessions and daytime napping. Each participant produced at least two nights of data; some had as many as six. The researchers also measured levels of amyloid beta and tau in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. Thirty-eight people underwent PET brain scans for the two proteins, and 104 people underwent spinal taps to provide cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. Twenty-seven did both. After controlling for factors such as sex, age and movements while sleeping, the researchers found that decreased slow-wave sleep coincided with higher levels of tau in the brain and a higher tau-to-amyloid ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid. The key is that it wasn t the total amount of sleep that was linked to tau, it was the slowwave sleep, which reflects the quality of sleep, Lucey said. The people with increased tau pathology were actually sleeping more at night and napping more in the day, but they weren t getting as good quality sleep, he said. ĤǗ अगल प च ȡɉɅ102 ɉ ȧ हव ह ग 30 ȧ तक स फ, ऐस ह ग सरक र क Üȡ (Dainik Jagran: ) ड. [ƨ[ न इस ब त ȧ ȡ ȡȣद त ह ए बत य य जन क तहत ȡÏ ɉक Ȣ मदद भ म ह य कर ई ज एग

8 ज गरण ÞǗȪ, नई य ĤǗ क बढ़त è क द खत ह ए सरक र न इसस Ǔȯ ȧअब एक ȯåȡȣय जन बन ई ह इसक तहत अगल प च ȡɉɅĤǗ क è क ȣ 30 ȧ तक कम करन क द व ȡगय ह ȡ इस ǕǑ क पहल चरण ɅǑãȣ Ǒ द श क 102 उन ĤǗ ɉक ȡ ȡगय ह, ज ȯक छ ȡɉस ĤǗ ȧसबस Ï ȡȡ चप ट Ʌह ^Ʌ` Ĥȯ क भ 15 ɉक ȡ ȡह Ʌġȣ वन एव ȡ[ Ȳğȡ न ǕǾȡ क ĤǗ स Ǔȯक f न शनल Èȣ एयर ĤȪĒȡ (एनस एप ) न म स यह य जन ल च ȧह इसक तहत इन सभ ɉʌĥǘ स Ǔȯक f सभ Ǿȣकदम उठ ए ज ए ग ख सब त यह ह ĤǗ Ʌकम क यह आ कलन 2017 Ʌहव ȧ Ǖ ȡक आध र पर ह ग Ʌġȣ वन एव ȡ[ ȲğȢ ड. [ƨ[ न ^ ȧ ȡ ȡȣ द त ह ए बत य य जन क तहत ȡÏ ɉक Ȣ मदद भ म ह य कर ई ज एग अगल द ȡɉɅ`Û Ʌत न स कर ड़ ǽf Ǒf ज ए ग ȡÏ ɉस इस स ल ȧ Ȣ मदद `Þ कर न क f Ĥèȡ म ग गए ह `Û ɉȯकह Ǒãȣ Ǒ द श क इन 102 ɉʌ जस तरह स व य ĤǗ क è बढ़ रह थ, उसक चलत Ȫɉक èȡèø पर ब र असर पड़ रह ह एक सव ल क जव ब Ʌ`Û ɉȯबत य इन ɉक चयन æ èȡèø स गठन और ĤǗ क बढ़ è क ल कर ȡȣह न ȡȣǐȪ[क आध र पर ȡगय ह ȣȳइस य जन क तहत इन सभ ɉʌǔȡȣȳğ क मजब त बन न ȧब त ȣगई ह अभ ^Ʌस [ 70 ɉʌ ȣ व य ĤǗ क ज चन ȧåèȡह ^Ʌस क छ ɉʌइसक आ कलन म न अल ȣȯस ȣ ȡज त ह ` Ĥȯ क यह शहर ह ȡ Ʌġ सरक र न ĤǗ स Ǔȯ ȧ इस ǕǑ Ʌ` Ĥȯ क 15 ɉ क ȡ ȡ ह ^Ʌआगर, इल ह ब द, अनपर, ȯȣ, Ȫ ȡȡ, गजर ल, झ स, ग जय ब द, क नप र, Ǖ ȡ[, लखनऊ, म र द ब द, न यड, ȡȯȣऔर व र णस ȡ ह इसक अल व ` ȡ Ȳ क [ द शहर (क श प र और b ȯ ) ȡ f गए ह ȣȳǒ ȡ क [ त न ɉक (पटन, गय और Ǖ Ý Ǖ)ȡ ȡगय ह

9 Air pollution body sets modest PM 2.5, PM 10 targets (Hindustan Times: ) NEW DELHI: Air pollution activists and experts are unhappy with the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) launched by Union environment minister Harsh Vardhan Thursday as it is not legally binding for states to meet the targets and the plan lacks ambition. The NCAP aims to reduce the concentration of PM 2.5 (fine pollution particles) and PM 10 (coarse particles) in 102 non-attainment cities (those that didn t meet the annual PM 10 national standard from 2011 to 2015) by 20%-30% by 2024 over 2017 annual average levels but will have a participatory and collaborative approach. The ministry s media statement added that this target is tentative. This is a scheme and not a legal document. The Central Pollution Control Board already has legal mechanisms to control air pollution, said CK Mishra, secretary, environment ministry. Launching the programme, the environment minister said that it was the duty of every state government to work for the welfare of people, and city-specific programmes have been evolved carefully in consultation with experts and state governments. The reason for a modest target, officials say, was an assessment of global experience, which shows that it has taken some cities decades to bring down air pollution levels. Anup Bandivadekar, programme director (passenger vehicles) at US-based International Council for Clean Transportation, which has conducted research on vehicular emissions in India, said, It is not a surprise that the plan... falls short of the ambition necessary to address air pollution in India. NCAP framework should help establish similar targets at state and city levels, and include a thrust on compliance with the national as well as state and city level regulations on emissions, supported by necessary enforcement actions. Sunil Dahiya, senior campaigner, Greenpeace India, said he hoped that the NCAP would be much stronger in providing sector wise targets, specific targets for cities and mentioned strong legal backing to take action against non implementation. However, Santosh Harish, fellow at the Centre for Policy Research, tweeted saying that the NCAP seems like a plan to formulate action plans. Yet another wish-list with no effort at prioritizing actions. Underwhelming.

10 ȣȣ Ǒãȣ क 90 हज र ल ग इस Ȣȡȣ ȧ चप ट Ʌ, ȣȳ आप त ȣȳ ȡ (Dainik Jagran: ) ȡȡÛ त र पर ǑãȣɅहर स ल औसतन ȣ 65 हज र म मल स मन आत Ʌक ल 62,706 म मल स मन आए थ [2017Ʌयह आ कड़ बढ़कर 67,876 थ नई Ǒãȣ[ Ȳ ] इस ȣȣक इल ज स छ ट रह ȣ ɉक ढ ढ़ Ǔ ȡȯक f सरक र ɮȡȡ f गए `ȡɉक ǐ ȡ Ʌय ĤǗ क ǕçĤȡ@ब त च ह ज भ ह, ȯ यह सच ह ǑãȣɅȣȢȣ ɉ ȧ ȲÉȡत ज स बढ़ ȣह ȧ ±Ȫȣह ई ह एक स ल Ʌ89 हज र स \ नए ȣ स मन आए ɇ@यह आ कड़ डर न व ल ह, Èɉ ȣȣक इतन म मल ह ल क ɟɅकभ [ ȣȳ f गए इसस त ȣकह ज सकत ह ǑãȣɅ ȣȣक ȲĐ बढ़ ह ȡȡȲ,Ǒãȣक èȡèø स व ȡǓȯȡ न इसस इनक र ȡह ȡǓȯȡ क कहन ह ȣȣȫǒ ȯ ȧĥ Đ ȡɅबदल व क क रण [-2018 ɅȣȢ क \ ȡɉ क ȪǑ ȯ ह आ ȣȳ, Ǒãȣ सरक र क एक बड़ ȣȣ Ʌ क ȨÈ न बत य ȪǑ ȯ ȧĥ Đ ȡɅक ई बदल व ȣȳह आ ह ȯ इसक क रण ǑãȣɅ बढ़त भ ड़ व ĤǗ क म न रह ɇ@ उनक म नन ह ȣȣस Ȣ सभ ȣ ɉ ȧस चन सरक र तक ȣȳपह च प त ह ^ f कई ȣ इल ज स छ ट ज त थ Ʌġ सरक र न ȣ ɉक ȪǑ ȯ पर ȨÈɉक ĤǓ ȣ 500ǽȯद न क Ĥȡȡ ȡह यह भ क रण ह ȣ ɉक ȪǑ ȯ बढ़ ह ȯक छ स ल क आ कड़ ȡȡÛ त र पर ǑãȣɅहर स ल औसतन ȣ 65 हज र म मल स मन आत ɇ@[2016 Ʌक ल 62,706 म मल स मन आए थ [2017 Ʌयह आ कड़ बढ़कर 67,876 थ ^Ʌ61,089 ȡɉ ȧ ȡȣ\ èȡɉन और 6,787 ȡɉ ȧǔ Ȣ\ èȡɉन ǐȫ[ ȧथ [2018 Ʌ21,361 म मल \ स मन आए इस तरह एक स लɅȣȢक क ल 89,237 म मल स मन आए

11 èȡèø स व ȡǓȯȡ न कह,ȡ ȣȣ ɉन बढ़ य आ कड़ èȡèø स व ȡǓȯȡ क \ ǓǐÈ Ǔȯ एव ǑãȣɅȣȢǓȲğ ȡ[Đ क Ĥȡȣ ड. \ ǔæȣ Ûȡन कह र जध न ɅȣȢ ȧज च क f ` Ĥȯ स ȡȣ ȲÉȡɅȣ पह चत ɇ@पहल ब हर क ȣ ɉक ǑãȣɅȪǑ ȯ ȣȳह त थ अब ȡ ȣȣ ɉक भ ȪǑ ȯ ǕǾ कर Ǒȡगय ह इस वजह स ȣȣक म मल \ [ह ए ȡȡȲ, ब हर क ȣ ɉक इल ज क f व पस ȲȲ ȡÏ ɅèȡȡȲǐ कर Ǒȡज त ह ड. अजय ल ख (Ǘ[\ Ú, ^Ȳ ȯ f Ȫ f ) क Ǖȡǒ, ȣȣ स ȲĐ एक ȣ कई Ȫɉक ȲĐ कर सकत ह घन ] ȡȣव ल ^ȡ ɉʌ ȣइसक म मल \ द ख ज त ɇ@ध मप न और Ĥ Ǘ क क रण भ ȣ Ȣ ȧ Ȣ ȡȣह त ह ȣȣएक ȲĐ ȡ र ग ह ज ȡ^Đ ȪȰÈȣǐȡȣȢक क रण ह त ह ɟतक इस ȣɉ ȧ Ȣȡȣम न ज त रह ह ȯ ȯक छ ȡɉɅǕǓȡ क तम म बड़ -बड़ ɉʌअपर Èȡ और ह ई Èȡ म न ज न व ल ȪɉɅयह र ग प र पस र च क ह 24 ȡ[क Ǘȣ ǕǓȡɅȣȢǑ क Ǿ Ʌमन य ज त ह इस अवसर पर ȣȣक इल ज, बच व क उप य और ^ ȧग भ रत पर तम म ȡɅह त ɇऔर श ध भ प श f ज त ɇ@ ȣ.ब. र ग क \ Û कई न म स भ ज न ज त ह, ज स भ रत Ʌइस ȯǒ, र ग तथ êȡ भ कह ज त ह ȣȣआमत र पर ȯ ɉक Ĥȡ करत ह, ȯ य ȣ± ȧ ɬȢ, Ȣ, अ ड शय और यह तक ǔèç Ʌभ ȡ ` Û कर द त ह Ȣर ग क ख सन, ब त करन, ȤȲ ȯय थ कन क समय बलगम व थ क ȧ बह त ȣ Ȫȣ- ȪȣǗȲɅहव Ʌफ ल ज त ɇ, ǔ Ʌ`ǔè ȰÈȣǐȡकई Ȳɉतक हव Ʌरह सकत ɇऔर स स ल त समय èè åǔè क ȣʌĥȯ करक र ग प द करत ɇ@ र ग य ȣ.ब. एक ȲĐ ȡ Ȣȡȣह इस Ȣȡȣ ȧवजह स हर स ल 15 ल ख स Ï ȡȡल ग क ल क ग ल Ʌसम ज त ɇ@इतन ȣ ȣȳभ रत Ʌहर स ल ȣ.ब. स मरन ȡɉ ȧ ȲÉȡ 2 ल ख स भ Ï ȡȡह त ह ȯ ऐस भ ȣȳह इस Ȣȡȣक क ई इल ज ȣȳह, ǔã ȡǽ ȡ ȧकम क चलत ल ग इसक इल ज क ब च Ʌछ ड़ द त ɇ@इस ȡǽ ȡक प द करन क f æ èȡ^è ब स गठन हर स ल 24ȡ[क æ Ȫ Ǒ क Ǿ Ʌमन त ह. ȣȣक भ ख न लगन, कम लगन और वजन अच नक कम ह ज न

12 ब च न एव ǕèȢछ ई रहन, स न Ʌ[क एहस स ह न, थक वट रहन व र त Ʌपस न आन हलक ब ख र रहन, हर रत रहन ख स आत रहन, ख स Ʌबलगम आन तथ बलगम Ʌख न आन कभ -कभ ज र स अच नक ख स Ʌख न आ ज न य ɇȣȣस बचन क आस न उप य द Ýɉस \ समय तक ख स रहत ह, त ȨÈ क Ǒ ȡf Ȳऔर बलगम ȧज च करव ए ब म र å ǔè स Ǘȣबन ए Ʌ@ र ग स ȯज रह ɉत ȡè Ʌ@ समय पर ख न ख ए आपक आस-प स क ई बह त द र तक ख स रह ह, त उसस द र Ʌ@ Ȣब म र åȡǔè स ȯक ब द अपन ȡɉक Ǿ ध Ʌ@ ȫǔç आह र Ʌǔ Ʌȡ[Ü ȡğȡɅ ȡ,, Ȱǔã, ĤȪȣ और फ इबर ɉ, Èɉ ȫǔç आह र ȡȣĤǓ ȡĤ ȡȣक मजब त बन त ह

13 ȣȣक ब ज ड़ इल ज -Ȩɪ Ȩɪ ɮǓ स ȣ इल ज कर त ह त उस ȣȣज स घ तक Ȣȡȣस ǕÈ ह न Ʌ10 ȣɉ स भ कम समय लगत ह इसक f [बस ȣह दव Ǔ और र ज ल न ह ज ल ग ब च Ʌदव ख न छ ड़ द त ɇ, उनक ȣȣ क ȧȡ Ǖç ȣȳह त, ǔã दव क ĤǓ ĤǓȪ ` Û कर ल त ɇ@

14 Ȩɪ क \ Û[ ȡक त न [ ɇपहल, द सर व त सर Ĥ ȯ [Ʌइल ज क गहन व ǓȲ ह त ह इस द र न हर द सर Ǒ, Üȡ Ʌत न ब र ȡ^ɉक स वन कर य ज त ह Dehydration (Hindustan: ) _i_15.pagezoomsinwindows.php

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16 Ʌप न ^ f प त और Ȣ ȧस हत क f : Ȣऔर ȣ स Ȱ ȯ ब हर Ǔ ȡ ȯक क म करत ɇ@प न क अभ व Ʌ Ȱ ȯ ȣ Ʌ ȣजम ह न लगत ɇ@. नम क Ĥ ȡ ǙǓ İ Ȫ : ȡ[Ü ȡğȡ Ʌप न प न स ȡमल यम व चमकद र बनत ह Ǒ [ ɉ ȧ Ǖç हव ओ क असर क क रण ȡǾ Ȣऔर ब ज न ह न लगत ह ɉ फटन लगत ɇ, ǔ Ʌ कई ब र [भ ह त ह. ȣǐ Ȳğ क रख ǽǖè : ȣ क \ Ȳ ɉतक प षक पह च न, त पम न क ब रखन, ] Ȳ ɉ ȧ नम बन ए रखन, म ह Ʌल र बनन, Ȫ ɉ ȧ ȡ_ बन ए रखन ] Ǒ बह त स ȡ ɉक f प न ȡǑ f ह त ह. प चन- Ȳğ ȧ स हत क f : प न ȡ[Ü प न स प चन Ȳğ ȣ रहत ह Þ ȧ è ȡ ȣȳ ह त ] Ȳ ɉ ȧसफ ई ह ज त ह f ȣव अपच ज स è ȡf Ȳकम ह त ɇ@. वजन क रख Ǔ Ȳǒğ : अकसर Ǒ [ ɉ Ʌभख Ï ȡ ȡलगन लगत ह यह ȣ Ʌप न ȧकम क स क त भ ह प न प त रहन Ǒ [ ɉ Ʌवजन बढ़न स भ र कत ह. èğȣ Ȫ ɉक रख दर : Ǒ ȡj Ȳक f प न ȧ Ȳ Ǖ ȡğȡक Ú ȡ रखन Ǿ ȣह प न कम प न स Ǘğ Ʌजलन व ब र-ब र Ǘğ ȡ [क ȲĐ ह न ȧआश क बढ़ ज त ह \ Ȳ Ǿ ȢǑ è ɉक आसप स ȧ ȡपर र शज भ पड़न लगत ɇ@ख सत र पर ȡ[ è ȡक द र न ȡ[Ü प न प न \ Ȳ ɉतक h È Ȣ ȧ ǗǓ [बन ए रखत ह. Ï ȡ ȡ ȡğȡभ ह खतरन क. ȣ क f प न Ǿ ȣ ह, पर प न ȣ Ǿ ȣ ȣȳह हर र ग क इल ज भ प न ȣȳह बह त Ï ȡ ȡ य एक स थ बह त प न प न स ȣ Ʌ Ȫ क è कम ह ज त ह, जस ȡ^ Ȫ ȯǒě ȡकह ज त ह ऐस ह न पर È आन, थक न, गफलत, f ȡĒ ȡ Ʌकम आन, भ ख न लगन और ब ह श ȧ ǔè Ǔ भ आ सकत ह ȣ Ʌ^ ȯèěȫ ȡ^ क è कम ह न लगत ह Ȱ ȯ ɉक स थ प षक भ ã ȣ ȣब हर Ǔ ज त ɇ@ ȣ क f प न ȧ Ǿ å ǔè ȧ` Ĩ, ȡ ȣǐ Į और व त वरण क त पम न पर Ǔ [ करत ह ǔ Û Ʌǿ य Ȣस ज ड़ र ग ɇ, उनक बह त Ï ȡ ȡप न प न जल ल न ȧ ȣ बढ़ सकत ह. ȲĒ ȧ è ȡ, Ȱ ɉ Ʌस जन व स स

17 È ȡह प न क ȣè. ȣ Ʌप न ȧ ȣ ȡğȡखद ज चन क f प श ब क र ग पर Ú ȡ Ʌ@ Ǒ प न Ǘȣतरह स फ ह त आप Ǿ स Ï ȡ ȡ प न प रह ɇ@अगर इसक र ग ग ढ़ प ल य न र ग Ǒ ȡ ह, त यह ȣ Ʌप न ȧकम Ǒ ȡ ȡह ȣ Ʌप न ȧ ȡğȡ Ȳ Ǖ ह न पर प श ब क र ग ã ȡप ल ह त ह य भ ȣȳह न द त प न ȧकम Ǒ [ ɉक म सम Ʌअकसर स द प न प न ȧ^í ȡ ȣȳह त ȡ ȡȲ ऐस म सम Ʌल ग अदरक ȡ ȣ कड़क च य य Ȩ ȧ प न Ï ȡ ȡ पस द करत ɇ@ ȯ इन ȯ ɉ ȧ Ǿ स Ï ȡ ȡ ȡğȡ स हत क न कस न पह च सकत ह ȣ Ʌप न क è क कम कर सकत ह इसक बज य ȹ Ʌ आप क छ और भ ल सकत ɇ-. घर पर बन स प: त ज म सम ǔþ ɉ Ʌf Ȳ ȣh È Ȣ Ʌɪ भरप र ȡğȡ Ʌह त ɇ@इनस बन स प स ȣ क ] æ नम भ ȯʜ ȯ Ȣ, प षक भ Ʌ ȯऔर स हत भ ȣरह ग. ã ȣ व ल दध : ȣ 250 Ē ȡ [ दध Ʌएक र ज न र त क f Ȳ@^à Ǘ è Ǖ ȧ ã ȣ, ह सक त Í Ȣ ã ȣ ȡ ȣरह ग ठ ड स ह न व ल [स भ Ǔ ȡ ȯ Ȣ@. कहव : ȡ ȣ,[ इल यच, द ल-च न और ब द म ज स [ Ȣ Ʌ ȡ कहव बन य ज त ह, ज Ǒ [ ɉ Ʌ ȡ[, मजब त और ] æ नम Ĥ ȡ करत ह. ȡ ɉक सप : क ई भ च र-प च ȡ Ʌएक स थ ȡ उनक पतल सप बन Ʌऔर ȡ[ [ f Ȳ@ Ĥ Ȫ ȣ स भरप र यह स प आपक ȣ Ʌनम बन ए रख ग और ȡ[ भ द ग. अजव इन क प न : ȣ एक à अजव इन क 250 ȣ ȣ प न Ʌर त क Ȫ रख Ʌ और स बह उठकर च य ȧतरह उब लकर f Ȳ@इसस ख स Ʌभ र हत ȯ Ȣ@. क ढ़ : क ढ़ क Į[ ȯç ] Ǖ ȶǑ प य म न ज त ह यह ^à Ǘ è क Ȥ रखत ह और ȲĐ स भ बच त ह क ढ़ कई जड़ - ǗǑ ɉऔर ȡ ɉक ȡ त य र ȡज त ह, ^ Ʌ स \ आपक Ʌ` Þ रहत ɇ@आप Ǔ प न प न क f ɋ और त लस क ɉक प न Ʌउब लकर ` Ʌक ल नमक ȡ ल सकत ɇ@त लस, अदरक और ȡ ȣ [ क क ढ़ बन कर ल न भ र ग Ĥ Ǔ Ȫ Ȣ ȡ बढ़ त ह इस शहद ȡ भ प सकत ɇ@यह

18 क ढ़ æ ȡ ȣक ख लत ह छ त ȧजकड़न कम कर स स ल न आस न बन त ह इसक अल व इल यच क प न Ʌशहद ȡ प न भ ȣ Ʌजल क è क बन ए रखत ह. म ह क छ ल म ह क ȡ ɉस पर श न त ȣȳ! (Hindustan: ) क छ ल ग अकसर म ह क ȡ ɉस पर श न रहत ȡ ȡȲ म ह क छ ल क छ Ǒ ɉ Ʌअपन आप Ȥ ह ज त ɇ, ȯ ऐस Ʌ [क स थ ब लन और ख न Ʌपर श न रहत ह आजकल य व ओ Ʌयह è ȡआम ह म ह क ȡ ɉक म उथ स र य म उथ \ ã ज भ य त ल क न च ह ज त ɇ@य [भ कहत ɇ@य छ ल म ह क म ल यम a ɉ, Ǘ ɉ, ȲĐ ȡ ȣȳह त ɇ, पर ^ Ʌत ज [ह सकत ह, जसस ख न और ब लन Ʌपर श न ह सकत ह छ ल ह न स एक य द Ǒ पहल वह जलन य झन झन महसस ह सकत ह इसक ग भ र ह ज न पर ख न -प न Ʌ ȡ ȧपर श न ह त ह, ब लन Ʌ भ [ह त ह कई ब र ब ख र भ आ ज त ह [ ǒȳğ ȡj Ȳक क रण ह त ह, ज म ह क अ दर ȧ सतह ȧ सबस a ȣपरत पर ह त ɇ@इसक अल व र शज ह न, Ȫ ɉ Ʌ [, ȡ ǐ ȡक अल व ब ख र भ ह सकत ह म ह क ȡ ɉक क रण 'ब लन य ख न ख न Ʌ ɉ, ज भ य ग ल कट ज न 'बह त [ख न य प न 'गलत Ʌ क क रण जलन य घ व ह ज न 'कड़ Ħ व ल Ǘ Ħ ^è ȯ ȡ करन ' ȰÈ ȣǐ ȡ, व यरस और फ गस क ȲĐ 'त ब क चब न 'दव ओ क ब र असर 'ऑट ^à Ǘ ʜQȨʜ ȡ [ 'ǔ Ȳǔ ȡ^Ǒ ' ȯ f ए ड ȧ Ȫ ȯ ȯ Ȣ' ɇ 'तन व य Ȣ ȡ ȣक क रण ^à Ǘ Ȳğ क कमज र ह ज न ' ȡ Ⱦ बदल व ह न 'फ ल ट, ȡ ब -12 और ȡ -स ȧ कम ह न 'प ट Ʌगड़बड़ व बह त \ f ȣ ह न.

19 त ȨÈ स Ȳ [ Ʌ 'छ ल बह त बड़ ह ज ए. ' ã ȣ- ã ȣछ ल ह रह ɉ. 'द Ü ȡ तक छ ल Ȥ न ɉ. 'त ज [व ख न -प न ɅǑ È ह. ' ȡ ɉक स थ त ज ब ख र ह. ȡ Ǘ ȣछ ल, Ǒ Ʌअपन आप Ȥ ह ज त ɇ, पर अगर व Ȥ ȣ ȣȳह रह ɇत उपच र Ǿ ȣह ȨÈ ǔè Ǔ क अन स र स जन और [क कम करन क f म उथ व श, ȯè, Đ ȧ य ज ल लग न क द त ɇ@वजह अगर व ȡ ȧकम ह त फ ल ट, ȡ ब 6, ब 12 य ज क क Ü ȣ Ʌɪ भ Ǒ f ज त ɇ@ Ȣ र ग क क रण छ ल ɇत उस र ग क Ȥ करन भ Ǿ ȣह त ह र कथ म ' [व मस ल द र Ȣ Ȣ ɉस दर Ʌ@' ȡ ब, स और ज क ǕÈ प षक भ जन Ʌ'म उथ \ ã Ʌ ȰÈ ȣǐ ȡक ȲĐ त ज स ह त ह, ^ f f Ȳ ȣ ȰÈ ȣǐ म उथ व श ^è ȯ ȡ Ʌ 'म ल यम ȡ ɉव ल Ħ क ^è ȯ ȡ Ʌ'तन व क è क कम Ʌ'त ब क व \ ã Ȫ क स वन न Ʌ'त ज फल- ǔþ ȡȲख ए 'एअर ट ड Ĝ Q ǔʜ ʜ Ȳ क स वन न Ʌ'म ल यम Ȣ Ʌख ए 'भ जन Ʌत ज ȣ, छ छ, पन र ] Ǒ ख ए 'ढ र स र प न f Ȳ' ȡ ɉपर [ ȧ Ʌ स आर म ȡह 'म ल यम Ħ व ल Ǘ Ħ क ^è ȯ ȡ Ʌ' ȡ ɉपर ȯ Ȳ स ड और प न क पतल ȯè लग ए ' ȡǐ क त ल Ʌशहद ȡ लग न स भ आर म ȡ ह ' ã ȣ Ʌएक à ǔê ȣ ȡ ȡ ɉपर लग ए 'थ ड़ ȡǐ चब त Ʌ' ȡ ɉपर शहद लग न म ह Ʌनम बन ए रखत ह É ȣȳबढ़त

20 [ Ʌ [ ȯã Ǒ Ü : [ Ʌ [रहत ह त Ʌक छ ] Ʌ(Hindustan: ) आज ख सकर ɉ Ʌरहन व ल ल ग इतन å è ह त ɇ ` Û Ʌयह भ पत ȣȳचलत कब Ȣ ȡ ȣक हमल ह गय å è Ǒ ȡ[क क रण ह न ȡ ȣ Ȣ ȡǐ ɉ ɅĤ Ǖ ह [ क [@यह è ȡÈ ȡह और आप इसस क स बच रह सकत ɇ, ȡ ȡ ȣद ȣ ɇअमत Ĥ ȡ [ क क म ȣ क सबस Ǘ [अ ग क सह र द न ह और लच ल पन भ हम र f बह त Ǿ ȣ ह जब [ Ʌ [ ह त ह त हम र f Ȳ ȡ क बन ज त ह ȡ ȣ Ǘ ȣ Ǒ ȡ[ Ǖȣतरह Ĥ ȡ ह ज त ह È ɉह त ह यह [ आज ȧ Ȣ Ȱ ȣ भ इस Ȣ ȡ ȣ क एक Ĥ Ǖ क रण ह ल ब समय तक h ȲÜ Ǘ पर क म करन, इसक एक सबस बड़ क रण य घर Ʌ ȡǒ ह रह ह इसक अल व ऐस f क ^è ȯ ȡ करन, ज Ï ȡ ȡऊ च य बह त न च ह, भ [ Ʌ [क क रण बन सकत ह Ȳ ȡस भ [ Ʌ [ह सकत ह और फ न पर ȡ ȧद र तक [ एक तरफ झक कर ब त करन स भ [ह सकत ह ल ब Ǘȣतक खर ब सड़क पर Ȫ Ǒ ȡव हन चल न भ [ क f ȣ ȯ ह सकत ह शर ब और त ब क क Ï ȡ ȡस वन करत ɇत भ आप इस ȣ स Ȣ ह सकत ɇऔर बढ़त म ट प स भ ^ ȧ Ý Ʌआ सकत ɇ@ [ क [क è Ǿ [ ȧ ɬ Ȣ, ज ȣ± ȧ ɬ Ȣक ȣǒ è ȡह, Ʌस त Ǒ [Ħ ȡह त ɇ@इनक ब च ȡ[^ è द Ǒ [Ħ ȡ क ज ड़न क ȡ [करत ह इस क रण हम अपन [ क घ म प त ɇ@लग त र बह त \ \ ȡ ȡÛ दब व पड़न पर è क ह न लगत ह और è क Ú Ʌǔè ȯ ȣ ज स म ल यम भ ग उसक ȡ ȣकवच स Ǔ [ ȡ ȧ ȡȲǓ ब हर Ǔ आत ह इस क रण è ȡ^ Ȩ [ Ȳǒğ ȡj Ȳक दब न लगत ह इस वजह स [, Ȳ ɉ और ȡȲ ɉ Ʌ [, ȡȲ ɉ Ʌ Ȫ ȣ, È आन और [ घम न Ʌ [ज स è ȡf Ȳ` Û ह ज त ɇ@

21 ȡ ȡÛ ल ब समय स कमर य [ Ʌ [@ स बह क È य ल ब आर म क ब द [ और कमर Ʌजकड़न और असहन य प ड़ ह न [ क [क Ĥ ȡ कई ब र क ध और ȡ ɉ Ʌझनझन हट ȧतरह महस स ह त ह ȡ ȡ ɉ(तन व) स भ [बढ़ सकत ह ज च स Ȣ ɇ ȣ ȡ ȡǐ ȡȲ f È -र, Ȣ ȣè Ȱ व एमआरआई ɮ ȡ ȡखर ब è ȧ ȡè ǔè Ǔ और दब रह è ȡ^ Ȩ [ ȧ ȣ ȡ ȡ ȣ ज त ह È ȡ ɇइल ज Ǔ ȡ ȣǐ å ȡ ȡ और Ȳ Ǖ ȫǔç भ जन Ʌ, ज इस र ग स बच व क एक Ĥ Ǖ उप य ह ȯ ȧद खर ख Ʌ ȣ ȣ ȯस स न, उठन, ब ठन और भ र उठ न ȧ ȡȲज नन ȡǑ ȡ[^ क लर और à Ȫ ȯđ ȯã क ^è ȯ ȡ स भ इस Ȣ ȡ ȣस ȡ ȧर हत Ȣह ȯ ȣ Ȫ ȧजगह ह ड फ न य è Ȣ फ न क ^è ȯ ȡ Ʌ@ ȯ ȣ Ȫ क ^è ȯ ȡ Ʌत [ Ǘȣतरह स ध रखकर ब त Ʌ@ स त समय ȣ Ȩè क Ú ȡ Ʌ@ È ȡकहत ɇ ȨÈ ȯě Ȫ Ȩǔè क ȢǓ Ȳ ã Ʌ (Û ǗȪ [ ) ड. \ ȡ ग यल क अनस र, [ क [ स र हत क f अन क उप य ɇ, जनस 98 ȧ ȣतक म मल Ǘ ȣतरह Ȥ ह ज त ɇ@ è ȡक छ प ए ȣȳऔर न ȣसमय पर ȨÈ क प स ज न स Ǒ Ʌ@इसस भ Ǖǔæ ह ग è ȡऔर बढ़ ग और इल ज

22 Diet/ Nutrition (The Asian Age: )

23 Physical Fitness: )

24 Women Health (The Asian Age: )

25 Ebola (The Asian Age: )

26 Crimes against Children Kerala records a rising graph of crimes against children (The Hindu: ) More reporting due to greater awareness: ADGP There has been a steady increase in crimes committed against children in Kerala, according to a data released by the Kerala State Crime Records Bureau (SCRB). Government officials are attributing this to increased reporting of crimes because of better awareness, but social workers contend that crimes against children have indeed increased. Rise in offences A decadal comparison of data shows that 549 offences against children under all categories were recorded in 2008, while the number shot up to 3,278 as of October, This includes both serious and other offences. Cases of rape rose from 215 in 2008 to 1,101 in 2017, and 999 in the first 10 months of There were noticeable spurts in the number of recorded rape cases in 2011, touching 423, compared to 208 a year earlier. A similar trend of increases was noted in 2013, 2016 and 2017, over the preceding year. Unlike other States, there is increased awareness in Kerala about the crimes against children and greater reporting of such crimes is reflected in the statistics, said Tomin J. Thachankary, Additional DGP, SCRB. Cases of murder of children, however, dropped from 37 in 2008 to 18 in There have been no infanticide cases over the past three years, after four cases in There was a single instance of trafficking of a minor girl last year, an improvement over all other years including the base year of 2008, when there were 13 cases. But cases registered under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act rose from four in 2008 to 17 in 2017 and 15 till October Sheeba George, Director of Women and Child Development Department, said while increased reporting might have resulted in a higher number of cases, crimes against children had risen over the years. Nirish Antony, Senior Programme Coordinator of Childline, said vacations were the time when children were found to be most vulnerable. A pre-vacation awareness class could be held for students and parents, he said.

27 Bipolar Disorder How do genetic differences affect the risk of bipolar disorder? (Medical News Today: ) Fresh insights from a recent study of the genetics and biology of bipolar disorder could improve the diagnosis and treatment of the debilitating condition. A new study shows how specific genetic differences affect neural circuits and raise the risk of bipolar disorder as a result. So concluded the scientists at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge who carried out the novel research. In previous work, they had already shown that a protein called candidate plasticity gene 2 (CPG2) helps to regulate the strength of synapses in brain circuits. Synapses are the connectors through which nerve cells, or neurons, relay chemical signals to each other. In the more recent research, the investigators found that the brains of people with bipolar disorder contained unusually low levels of CPG2. They also linked specific variants in the gene for CPG2 to dysfunction in synapses. These same genetic differences happen to occur in people with bipolar disorder. The team reports the findings in a paper that now features in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. "It's a rare situation," says senior study author Elly Nedivi, who is a professor in the Biology and Brain and Cognitive Sciences departments at MIT, "where people have been able to link mutations genetically associated with increased risk of a mental health disorder to the underlying cellular dysfunction." "For bipolar disorder this might be the one and only," she adds. She and her colleagues are not suggesting that the gene variants that they uncovered actually cause bipolar disorder. What they are proposing, however, is that having those particular genetic differences could make people more susceptible to bipolar disorder. In laboratory models, for instance, they sometimes observed synapse dysfunction with combined rather than single variants.

28 Bipolar and role of CPG2 in synapses According to the National Institute of Mental Health, around 4.4 percent of adults in the United States will have bipolar disorder at some point in their lives. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania and depression that bring on extreme shifts in mood, activity levels, and energy. The episodes are much more severe than the "ups and downs" that affect most people. They can make it very difficult to carry out daily tasks, get along with people, study, and pursue a career. Bipolar disorder is a major cause of disability and high rates of death by suicide. Drugs do not always work and not everyone with bipolar will experience complete recovery between episodes. Prof. Nedivi and her team have been studying synapses for many years. They discovered that CPG2 influences synaptic strength by helping to regulate the number of receptors for the chemical signals that pass between neurons. Low CPG2 tied to bipolar disorder The gene that holds the instructions for making CPG2 is Spectrin Repeat Containing Nuclear Envelope Protein 1 (SYNE1). On learning that studies had linked variants in SYNE1 to raised risk of bipolar disorder, the team decided to investigate the underlying biology in the light of their own findings about CPG2. The researchers began by examining postmortem brain tissue from various brain banks. Herpesvirus may lead to bipolar, depression Study uncovers herpesvirus in brain cells of people who lived with bipolar disorder, depression, or both. The samples came from people who had received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, or other psychiatric conditions that share some of its symptoms, such as schizophrenia or major depression. They also examined samples from individuals who did not have any of these conditions. The examinations revealed that only brain tissue from people with bipolar disorder contained significantly less CPG2. The bipolar samples did not show lower levels of other proteins known to play a role in synaptic functions: only CPG2 was lower.

29 "Our findings," the authors write, "show a specific correlation between low CPG2 levels and incidence of [bipolar disorder] that is not shared with schizophrenia or major depression patients." Search for links to SYNE1 variants The researchers then used deep-sequencing tools to search for SYNE1 variants in the bipolar brain tissue samples that had shown reduced levels of CPG2. They focused their efforts on the regions of the gene that control CPG2 expression and therefore the amount that cells produce. In a separate exercise, they also searched genomic archives to identify variants in CPG2encoding regions of SYNE1. Differences in this coding can affect the structure and function of the protein. In experiments with cultured neurons, the team then examined the cellular effects of both types of variants: those in the CPG2 expression-altering region of SYNE1 and those in the coding region for the protein. Effects from single and combined variants The results showed that some expression-altering gene variants had no effect on CPG2 level, while others altered it significantly. The team also found two examples of paired variants that reduced CPG2 expression but that had no effect as single variants. There was also a range of results in the experiments with protein-coding variants. These identified SYNE1 differences that altered the structure or function of CPG2 in specific ways. For instance, one SYNE1 variant reduced the ability of CPG2 to attach to the "spines" that contain excitatory synapses, while another impaired the cycling of receptors in the synapses. The findings reveal how specific SYNE1 differences that occur in people with bipolar disorder can upset the function of a protein that plays a key role in the connections in brain circuits. Further research is now needed to determine how bipolar disorder might develop from such cellular disruptions. Prof. Nedivi and her team are planning to examine the effect of some of the variants on behavior in animals. They also want to look more closely at some of the disrupted cell processes and how they might fix them. Alongside these studies, they will continue to investigate human samples to find out more about the specific gene variants and their links to the risk and development of bipolar disorder.

30 Cancer What dictates how vitamin E supplements affect cancer risk? (Medical News Today: ) There is a longstanding debate as to whether taking vitamin E supplements increases or decreases a person's risk of developing cancer. A new study suggests that both outcomes are a possibility and also explains why. What influences vitamin E's effect on cancer risk? A new study investigates. Many people believe that taking supplements can improve their well-being and decrease their risk of developing numerous health problems. However, some recent research has suggested that supplements may not, in fact, bring any health benefits. Certain studies including this one that Medical News Today covered have gone so far as to suggest that particular dietary supplements could even harm health. Still, vitamin supplements remain popular. According to preliminary 2018 data that the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) in the United States released, approximately 78 percent of people in the U.S. believe that the dietary supplement industry is "trustworthy." Moreover, as Brian Wommack, senior vice president of communications at CRN, reports, "Three-quarters of Americans take dietary supplements." A new study by researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA has been looking into the effects of vitamin E on cancer risk both overall, and in relation to specific forms of cancer and asking what factors might influence that effect. "Observational studies of people taking vitamin E have reported benefits, and studies in animal models have suggested a protective effect, but when vitamin E supplements were brought into placebo-controlled clinical trials, the results were null," explains study author Kathryn Hall. "This made it easy to assume that vitamin E just doesn't work. But, what we've found is that it may have been protective in some and not in others, and that genetic variation is linked to these outcomes," she adds. Hall and team's aim was to understand why vitamin E can be beneficial in some cases, while it may have no effect or even have a negative impact in others. The investigators' findings appear in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Genetic makeup offers an explanation

31 The researchers analyzed the data from the Women's Health Study (WHS), which looked at the "benefits and risks of low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer" in thousands of women from the U.S. Additionally, the researchers took into account the Women's Genome Health Study, which allowed them to access relevant information about WHS participants' genetic makeup. How aspirin and omega-3 may reduce cancer risk Aspirin and fatty acids could reduce cancer risk, but in what way? Finally, the researchers verified their findings through the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, which also looked into the effects of vitamin E on cancer risk. The researchers found that certain variations in a gene called "COMT" were responsible for vitamin E's impact on the risk of cancer whether it decreased or increased it for an individual. COMT encodes the production of an enzyme called "catechol-o-methyltransferase" (COMT), which influences the way in which a person's body processes vitamin E. Specifically, the investigators explain, the COMT variant that researchers know the most about has three different variants comprising different alleles: met/met, val/met, and val/val. The team notes that individuals who have the val/val variant of COMT tend to have a more active COMT enzyme compared with people with the met/met allele. In fact, the enzyme is three to four times more active. The researchers looked at the rates of cancer among participants in the WHS trial. They noted that in the 10 years of the study and the 10 years following it, the women with the met/met variant of COMT who took vitamin E supplements had 14 percent lower cancer rates than women with the met/met allele who took a placebo. At the same time, participants with the val/val variant of COMT who took vitamin E supplements had 15 percent higher cancer rates compared with participants with the same genetic variant who took a placebo. These rates remained similar in the case of specific types of cancer as well, including breast, lung, uterine, and colorectal cancer. "Significant gene-drug interactions are hard to find, and this one is particularly striking. Now we need to understand which cancers are affected, why and how, and these results encourage us to pursue this with robust and rigorous curiosity." Kathryn Hall