Surviving an HPAI Outbreak

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Loraine Casey
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1 Surviving an HPAI Outbreak Lessons Learned VIV Poultry & Egg Summit Latin America, October 2016 Travis Schaal, DVM

3 Avian Influenza Secreted in birds feces and nasal discharges Virus survives for days or weeks at low temperatures Contaminate water/ponds Young birds infected and shed for several years

5 Waterfowl Migration Patterns

6 Wild birds may not show any clinical signs of infection Virus spread primarily from gastrointestinal tract Asian lineage viruses spread to other continents

10 The Past: World AI outbreaks Jan 2005 to Dec 2013

11 USA HPAI

12 Number of infected premises Epi Curve of US HPAI Infected Premises

14 Total number birds affected 2015: 7,759,522 turkeys 40,137,700 hens 5,873,770 pullets 34,263,930 hens In Iowa 31,723,300 birds 1,542,300 turkeys 34 premises 30,178,300 laying hens 36 premises In Minnesota 8,996,050 birds 4,821,400 turkeys 99 premises 4,174,500 laying hens 5 premises

15 Impact on US egg layer population:

18 Hy-Line Experience Very scary situation in 2015 Had to protect investments and customer s product flow Isolated from commercial poultry Dedicated vaccination/bird move crew Equipment and people are highest risk for disease transmission Culture of biosecurity Continuing education for all staff Living a New Normal Threat outside the barn door at all times

19 Lessons Learned Planning for catastrophic disease events: 1. Industry 2. Local emergency responders 3. Regional (state) resources 4. Federal government plans Cooperate and coordinate with each other Address limitations of staff, funding, equipment, expertise know weaknesses and adapt accordingly Contract staff Emergency depopulation methods as indicated

20 Lessons Learned Site specific company biosecurity plans Should be #1 priority for all poultry companies Technical oversight ideally a veterinarian Management and workers need to participate and buy-in to the plan Tracking and addressing all farm inputs and outputs is a difficult but important task Use HACCP style interventions to reduce risk of pathogen introduction.

21 Lessons Learned Rapid HPAI diagnosis is paramount to eradication Trained staff to perform sample collection Reference lab staff and capabilities to increase work load System for quickly reporting accurate results to stakeholders Communication to prevent movement of birds/products until adjacent facilities tested

22 Lessons Learned Depopulate affected farms rapidly Requires prior, site-specific planning Consider available staff to execute depopulation plans Consider equipment needs May need government approval for depopulation to receive indemnity

23 Dead Bird Disposal Options: Landfill Many private landfills rejected infected birds Compost Cellulosic material, mixing, land requirements? Burial Local regulations, equipment? Incineration Equipment? Lower efficiency than promised Rendering? Will renderers accept product?

24 On farm burial

25 Indiana H7N8 Outbreak January 15-16, 2016 Commercial turkey flocks Low Path High Path 1 HPAI premise 9 LPAI premises 1 High risk premises (egg layers) - negative for virus No symptoms in LPAI flocks North American H7 wild waterfowl source First High Path H7 in USA

26 Indiana H7N8 Outbreak Utilized lessons learned to quickly extinguish the virus

27 The Present: World AI outbreaks Jan 2013 to Oct 2016

28 Future Considerations New H5N2 virus not going to disappear (drift/shift) Fall waterfowl migration in progress currently Young waterfowl will carry virus for at least a season Estimated to affect the globe next 3-5 years New viruses likely to emerge (SE Asia?)

29 Future Considerations Breeding considerations: AI resistant bird not currently feasible Would shed virus like wild ducks? Allow for comingling of viruses: re-assortment Ability to infect naive poultry flocks? Survivor bird samples to be analyzed BIOSECURITY

30 Biosecurity is inconvenient - Dr. John Glisson

Avian Influenza. Poultry Growers September 2015

Avian Influenza. Poultry Growers September 2015 Avian Influenza Poultry Growers September 2015 What shoes are you wearing? Avian Influenza Caused by a virus Named after proteins on their envelope H for Hemagglutinin (1-16) N for Neuraminidase (1-9)