乙型肝炎疫苗初次免疫成年正常应答和高应答者 3 年抗体持久性观察

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1 478 中华预防医学杂志 216 年 6 月第 5 卷第 6 期 Chin J Prev Med,June 216, Vol. 5, No. 6 乙型肝炎疫苗初次免疫成年正常应答和高应答者 3 年抗体持久性观察 吕静静 张丽 颜丙玉 刘甲野 冯艺 宋立志 陈士玉 周立波 梁晓峰 崔富强 王富珍 徐爱强 摘要 目的探讨乙型肝炎疫苗 (HepB) 初次免疫成年正常应答和高应答者 3 年的抗体持久性及其影响因素 方法于 29 年 9 月, 选择山东省章丘市北部相邻的 3 个人口流动性较小的乡镇, 在其全部 79 个村中选择既往无乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染史和 / 或 HepB 免疫史 居住 6 个月以上 健康状况良好的 18~49 岁人群, 共 名 采集静脉血 3~5 ml, 采用 ELISA 法检测乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 乙型肝炎表面抗体 ( 抗 -HBs) 和乙型肝炎核心抗体 ( 抗 -HBc) 经检测, 以上 3 项指标均为阴性者 名, 按照以村为单位整群随机抽样方法, 将其分为 4 组, 按照 -1-6 免疫程序分别接种 3 剂次 2 μg 重组酵母 HepB(HepB-SC) 2 μg 重组中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 (HepB-CHO) 1 μg HepB-SC 和 1 μg 重组汉逊酵母 HepB(HepB-HP) 进行初次免疫, 对其中的 名正常应答 (2 869 名 ) 和高应答 (3 517 名 ) 者进行随访 ( 调查基本情况 HBV 感染史 HepB 免疫史 吸烟史 饮酒史 慢性病史等 ), 共随访 名, 随访率为 73.24% 于初次免疫后 1 个月 (T 1) 和 3 年 ( 初免后 3 年 ) 采集血标本, 采用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法定量检测抗 -HBs HBsAg 和抗 -HBc 分别采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归模型和多因素线性回归模型分析抗 -HBs 阳性和抗 -HBs 几何平均浓度 (GMC) 的影响因素 结果 名随访对象中, 男性占 43.6%(2 14 名 ), 女性占 56.94%(2 663 名 ) T 1 时抗 -HBs 阳性率为 %, 初免后 3 年为 8.99%(3 788 例 );T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 为 (95%CI: ~1 47.3)mU/ml, 初免后 3 年为 6.33(95%CI:56.97~63.9)mU/ml 与初次免疫接种 2 μg HepB-CHO 者相比, 接种 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 和 1 μg HepB-HP 者初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 阳性率较低,OR(95%CI) 值分别为.65(.5~.84 ).52(.41~.67) 和.31(.28~.45), 其抗 -HBs 的 GMC 亦较低,b(95%CI) 值分别为 -.33(-.47~-.2) -.41(-.55~-.28) 和 -.78(-.92~-.65); 与初次免疫接种年龄为 18~ 29 岁者相比,3~39 和 4~49 岁者初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 的 GMC 较低,b(95%CI) 值分别为 -.31 (-.47~-.15) 和 -.24(-.39~-.9); 与 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 为 ~999 mu/ml 者相比,GMC 为 1 ~ ~2 999 和 1 mu/ml 者抗 -HBs 阳性率较高,OR(95%CI) 值分别为 4.97(3.8~ 6.49) 7.87(16.19~1.1) 和 9.67(6.47~14.44), 其抗 -HBs 的 GMC 亦较高,b(95%CI) 值分别为 (.87~1.14) 1.85(1.74~1.97) 和 3.28(3.12~3.44) 初免后 3 年 HBsAg 阳性者 4 例, 抗 -HBc 阳转率为 4.68%(219/) 结论 HepB 初次免疫成年正常应答和高应答者初免 3 年后, 抗 -HBs 的 GMC 下降, 但抗 -HBs 的阳性率仍维持在较高水平, 保护水平较强 ; 初免 3 年后抗体持久性主要与初次免疫疫苗类型 年龄和 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 有关 关键词 成年人 ; 肝炎疫苗, 乙型 ; 免疫 ; 抗体持久性基金项目 : 科技重大专项 (212ZX21 213ZX492); 山东省医药卫生科技发展计划 (29QZ17 214WS373); 山东省泰山学者工程 (ts ) 乙型肝炎疫苗 Anti-HBs persistence following primary vaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine among normal and high-responder adults: a 3-year follow-up study Lyu Jingjing *, Zhang Li, Yan Bingyu, Liu Jiaye, Feng Yi, Song Lizhi, Chen Shiyu, Zhou Libo, Liang Xiaofeng, Cui Fuqiang, Wang Fuzhen, Xu DOI:1.376/cma.j.issn 作者单位 :2514 济南, 山东省疾病预防控制中心免疫预防管理所山东省传染病预防控制重点实验室 ( 吕静静 张丽 颜丙玉 刘甲野 冯艺 宋立志 徐爱强 ); 山东省章丘市疾病预防控制中心计划免疫科 ( 陈士玉 周立波 ); 中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心 ( 梁晓峰 崔富强 王富珍 ) 通信作者 : 徐爱强, aqxuepi@163.com

2 中华预防医学杂志 216 年 6 月第 5 卷第 6 期 Chin J Prev Med,June 216, Vol. 5, No Aiqiang. * Expanded Program Immunization Division, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 2514, China Corresponding author: Xu Aiqiang, aqxuepi@163.com Abstract Objective To assess the 3-year anti-hbs persistence after primary vaccination with three-dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among normal and high-responder adults. Methods A total of healthy adults who had no histories of hepatitis B infection and hepatitis B vaccination, resided in local areas for more than six months and were aged years were selected from 79 villages of Zhangqiu county, Shandong province, China in 29. Blood samples were obtained and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-hbs) and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-hbc) were detected using ELISA method. A total of persons who were negative for all of these indicators were divided into four groups by cluster sampling method. Each group was vaccinated with one of the following four types of HepB at -1-6 months schedule: 2 μg HepB derived in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HepB-SC), 2 μg HepB derived in Chinese hamster ovary cell (HepB-CHO), 1 μg HepB-SC and 1 μg HepB derived in Hansenula polymorpha (HepB-HP). Blood samples were collected one month after the third dose of primary immunization and tested for anti-hbs using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). During the follow-up to normal and high-responders, the following information was collected: the demographic characteristic (including age and gender), histories of hepatitis B infection, hepatitis B vaccination, smoking, drinking and chronic diseases. Blood samples were collected one month (T 1) and three years after primary vaccination (T 2) and anti-hbs, anti-hbc and HBsAg (if anti-hbs<1 mu/ml) were detected by CMIA. The risk factors associated with positive rate of anti-hbs and GMC of anti-hbs were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis and multifactor linear regression model analysis, respectively. Results A total of normal and high-responders were identified. Among participants, 2 14 (43.6%) were males and (56.94%) were females. The positive rate was % at T 1 and it decreased to 8.99% (3 788/) three years after vaccination. The corresponding GMC was decreased from (95%CI: ) mu/ml to 6.33 (95%CI: ) mu/ml. When comparing with those vaccinated 2 μg HepB-CHO, the significantly lower positive rate of anti-hbs three years after vaccination was observed in those vaccinated 2 μg HepB-SC, 1 μg HepB-SC and 1 μg HepB-HP. The OR (95%CI) was.65 (.5-.84),.52 ( ) and.31 ( ), respectively. The GMC of anti-hbs was also significantly lower among those vaccinated 2 μg HepB-SC, 1 μg HepB-SC and 1 μ g HepB-HP. The b (95%CI) was -.33 ( ), -.41 ( ) and -.78 ( ), respectively. The GMC of anti-hbs in those aged 3-39 years old and 4-49 years old were lower than that in years. The b (95% CI) was -.31 ( ) and -.24 ( ), respectively. When comparing with those whose anti-hbs titer was less than 999 mu/ml at T 1, the significantly higher positive rate of anti-hbs three years after vaccination was observed in those whose anti-hbs titer was mu/ml, those whose anti-hbs titer was mu/ml and those whose anti-hbs titer was 1 mu/ml. The OR (95%CI) was 4.97 ( ), 7.87 ( ) and 9.67 ( ), respectively. When comparing with those whose anti-hbs titer was 999 mu/ml at T 1, the GMC of anti-hbs three years after vaccination was also significantly higher among those whose anti-hbs titer at T 1 was mu/ml, those whose anti-hbs titer at T 1 was mu/ml and those whose anti-hbs titer at T 1 was 1 mu/ml. The b (95%CI) was ( ), 1.85 ( ) and 3.28 ( ), respectively. Four subjects showed HBsAg seroconversion and anti-hbc conversion rate was 4.68% at T 2. Conclusions Anti-HBs GMC decreased rapidly three years after primary vaccination among normal and high-responder adults, while the positive rate of anti-hbs still kept at a high level. The anti-hbs persistence after primary vaccination was associated with HepB type, age and GMC of anti-hbs one month after vaccination. Key words Adults; Hepatitis B vaccine; Immunity; Immune persistence Fund program: Major Project of National Science and Technology (212ZX21, 213ZX492); Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Programs (29QZ17, 214WS373); Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (ts ) [1] 乙型肝炎是严重威胁人类健康的传染病 全球约 2.48 亿人为乙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitis B virus, [2] HBV) 慢性携带者, 其公共卫生负担尤为沉重 目前中国儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原 (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) 携带率已降至 1% 以下, 处于较低水平, 但成年人 HBsAg 携带率为 8% 以上, 仍居高不 [3] 下 接种乙型肝炎疫苗 (hepatitis B vaccine, HepB) 是预防成年人 HBV 感染的重要措施 而有

3 48 中华预防医学杂志 216 年 6 月第 5 卷第 6 期 Chin J Prev Med,June 216, Vol. 5, No. 6 关成年人接种 HepB 后抗体持久性研究较少, 且多 数研究样本量 <5, 研究对象初次免疫接种的疫苗 类型 剂量及抗体反应多不明了 [4-7], 更难以探明不 同初次免疫状态下的抗体持久性 目前, 中国尚无 成熟的 针对不同初次免疫状态的成年人 HepB 免 疫策略 [8], 本研究旨在明晰使用 4 种 HepB 初次免疫 后成年正常应答和高应答者 3 年随访时的抗体持 久性 对象与方法 1. 对象 : 于 29 年 9 月, 选择山东省章丘市北 部相邻的 3 个人口流动性较小的乡镇, 在其全部 79 个村中选取既往无 HBV 感染史和 / 或 HepB 免疫史 居住 6 个月以上 健康状况良好的 18~49 岁人群, 共 名 采集静脉血 3~5 ml, 采用 ELISA 法 ( 瑞 士 RECAN 公司研发的 Freedom EVO 全自动酶免分 析系统 ) 检测 HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗体 (antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen, 抗 -HBs) 和乙型肝 炎核心抗体 (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, 抗 -HBc) HBsAg 和抗 -HBs 检测试剂由英科新创 ( 厦门 ) 技术股份有限公司生产, 抗 -HBc 检测试剂 由上海科华生物工程股份有限公司生产, 选取的试 剂有较高的可靠性和真实性 [9-12] 经检测, 全部筛 查人群 HBsAg 携带率为 4.9%; 以上 3 项指标均为 阴性者 名, 对其进行问卷调查及初次免疫 本研究经山东省 CDC 预防医学伦理委员会批准 ( 批号 :213-18) 所有研究对象均签署知情同 意书 2. 问卷调查与质量控制 : 采取自行设计的 成 年人乙型肝炎疫苗正常 / 高免疫应答调查问卷表 于采血时对调查对象进行调查 问卷内容主要包 括随访对象基本情况 HBV 感染史 HepB 免疫史 吸烟史 饮酒史 慢性病史等 通过优选调查员, 岗 前统一培训, 调查结果抽样复核等措施控制问卷 质量 3. 判定标准 :(1) 初次免疫正常应答者 : 初次免 疫后 mu/ml 抗 -HBs<1 mu/ml [13] ;(2) 初次 免疫高应答者 : 初次免疫后抗 -HBs 1 mu/ml [13] ; (3) 抗 -HBs 阳性 : 抗 -HBs 1 mu/ml [14] ;(4)BMI:< 18.5 kg /m 2 为体重过轻,18.5~23.9 kg/m 2 为正常体 重,24.~27.9 kg/m 2 为超重, 28 kg/m 2 [15] 为肥胖 ; (5)HBV 突破性感染 : 接种 HepB 后出现 HBsAg 和 / 或抗 -HBc 阳转 [16] 4. 初次免疫 : 按照以村为单位整群随机抽样方法, 将 名阴性者分为 4 组, 分别使用 2 μg 重组酿酒酵母 HepB(HepB-SC) 2 μg 重组中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 HepB(HepB-CHO) 1 μg HepB-SC 和 1 μg 重组汉逊酵母 HepB(HepB-HP) 进行 3 剂次初次免疫 (-1-6 免疫程序 ) 免疫后 1 个月, 由经过培训的乡镇工作人员, 采集每名调查对象的静脉血 3~5 ml, 共采集 名 分离血清后冷冻保存, 送至济南艾迪康医学检验中心, 采用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法 (chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay,cmia)( 美国雅培 Architect-i2 免疫发光检测仪, 有效期内使用 ) 统一定量检测抗 -HBs 其中, 正常应答和高应答者分别为 和 名, 共 名 5. 统计学分析 : 采用 EpiData 3. 软件进行数据双录入和比对, 双录入不符者对照原始调查表进行核对和修订, 无误后导入 Stata 1. 软件进行统计学分析 采用 χ 2 检验分析不同组别随访对象初次免疫后 1 个月 (T 1) 和 3 年 ( 初免后 3 年 ) 时抗 -HBs 阳性率差异 采用方差分析比较不同组别间抗 -HBs 的几何平均浓度 (geometric mean concentration, GMC) 差异 以初次免疫接种疫苗类型 年龄 性别 BMI 吸烟史和饮酒史等为自变量, 抗 -HBs 阳性率和抗 -HBs 的 GMC 分别为因变量, 分别采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归模型和多因素线性回归模型分析其影响因素 以 P<.5 为差异有统计学意义 结果 1. 基本情况 :6 386 名初次免疫正常应答和高应答者中, 共随访 名, 随访率为 73.24%, 其中, 男性占 43.6%, 女性占 56.94% 18~29 3~ 39 和 4~49 岁分别占 12.12% 29.23% 和 58.65% 随访对象和失访对象性别构成差异无统计学意义 ; 失访对象中 18~29 岁构成比高于随访对象, 差异有统计学意义 详见表 1 2. 初免后 3 年随访对象的抗 -HBs 阳性率及 GMC:(1) 抗 -HBs 阳性率 : 初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 阳性率为 8.99%, 与 T 1 时相比下降 9.1% 2 μg HepB-CHO 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 和 1 μg HepB-HP 组的抗 -HBs 阳性率分别为 87.64% 83.79% 8.39% 和 72.38%, 差异有统计学意义 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 较高组初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 阳性率

4 中华预防医学杂志 216 年 6 月第 5 卷第 6 期 Chin J Prev Med,June 216, Vol. 5, No 亦较高, 差异有统计学意义 (2) 抗 -HBs 的 GMC: 初 免后 3 年抗 -HBs 的 GMC 为 6.33 mu/ml, 与 T 1 时相 比下降 95.73% 2 μg HepB-CHO 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 和 1 μg HepB-HP 组的抗 -HBs 的 GMC 分别为 和 mu/ml, 差 异有统计学意义 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 较高组初免 后 3 年的 GMC 亦较高, 差异有统计学意义 详见 表 2 3 表 1 随访对象和失访对象年龄及性别构成比较 随访 失访 年龄及性别人数构成比 (%) 人数构成比 χ 2 值 P 值 (%) 初次免疫年龄 ( 岁 ) ~29 3~39 4~ 性别.3.87 男女合计 影响随访对象初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 阳性和 GMC 的多因素分析 : 初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 阳性率与初次免疫疫苗类型和 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 有关 初免后 3 年抗 -HBs 的 GMC 与初次免疫疫苗类型 年龄及 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 相关 T 1 时抗 -HBs 的 GMC 较高组初免后 3 年的 GMC 亦较高 详见表 4 4.HBV 感染状况 : 初免后 3 年 HBsAg 阳性者 4 例,HBsAg 阳性率为.9% 抗-HBc 阳性者为 219 例, 阳性率为 4.68%;2 μg HepB-CHO 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-HP 组阳性率分别为 3.9%(46/1 181) 3.22%(34/1 55) 6.98%(89/1 275) 和 4.29%(5/1 166), 差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 =22.17,P<.1) 讨 本研究比较了使用 2 μg HepB-CHO 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-HP 4 种不同剂量和 / 或表达体系疫苗初次免疫成年正常应答和高应答者 3 年后的抗 -HBs 阳性率 GMC 和 HBV 突破性感染情况, 为完善中国成年人乙型肝炎疫苗抗体持久性提供了参考 本研究为大样本 随机分组研究 研究结果显示,HepB 初次免疫成年正常应答和高应答者在初免后 3 年时仍可保持高抗体阳性率, 但抗 -HBs 的 [6] GMC 下降 Van Damme 等报道 87 名 17~6 岁 2 个成年人队列接种甲乙型肝炎联合疫苗 2 μg HepB-SC 6 年后, 抗体阳性率从初次免疫的 % 降至 9% 左右 ; 但抗 -HBs 的 GMC 从初次免疫时 2 6 mu/ml 下降至 2 mu/ml 左右, 与本研究结 [7] 果一致 栾承峰等报道 15~6 岁 85 名成年人全程接种 1 μg HepB-SC 5 年后抗 -HBs 阳性率和 GMC 分别为 52.94% 和 2.67 mu/ml, 低于本研究中的随访抗 -HBs 阳性率和 GMC 究其原因, 一是该研究随访时间略长于本研究, 二是该研究中调查对象为完成 3 剂次 HepB 初次免疫者, 而本研究中调查对象仅包括初次免疫正常应答和高应答者 本研究中无论初次免疫抗 -HBs 的 GMC 高低, 其 3 年后的 论 疫苗类型 2 μg HepB-CHO 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-HP 统计值 P 值 合计 表 2 接种不同乙型肝炎疫苗随访对象初次免疫后 1 个月和 3 年时抗 -HBs 阳性率和 GMC 比较初次免疫后 1 个月初次免疫后 3 年随访人数阳性例数阳性率 (%) GMC 阳性例数阳性率 GMC (mu/ml, 95%CI) (%, 95%CI) (mu/ml, 95%CI) ( ~ ) ( ~ ) ( ~ ) (1 18.2~ ) 6.12 a ( ~1 47.3) (85.62~89.46) (81.43~85.97) 8.39 (78.1~82.54) (69.72~74.93) b 8.99 (79.84~82.11) (75.9~93.34) (64.28~81.38) 6.8 (54.4~67.93) (32.44~4.94) 39. a 6.33 (56.97~63.9) 注 : a 方差分析, 统计值为 F 值 ; b χ 2 检验 ;HepB-CHO: 重组中国仓鼠卵巢细胞乙型肝炎疫苗 ;HepB-SC: 重组酿酒酵母乙型肝炎疫苗 ;HepB-HP: 重组汉逊酵母乙型肝炎疫苗 ;GMC: 几何平均浓度

5 482 中华预防医学杂志 216 年 6 月第 5 卷第 6 期 Chin J Prev Med,June 216, Vol. 5, No. 6 表 3 初次免疫后 1 个月时不同 GMC 随访对象在初次免疫 3 年时的抗 -HBs 阳性率和 GMC 比较初次免疫后 3 年初次免疫后 1 个月 GMC(mU/ml) 随访人数阳性例数阳性率 GMC (%, 95%CI) (mu/ml, 95%CI) ~999 1 ~ ~ 统计值 P 值 合计 (63.95~68.6) 9.59(88.23~92.62) 93.71(92.28~94.95) 94.76(92.46~96.52) a 8.99(79.84~82.11) 注 : a χ 2 检验 ; b 方差分析, 统计值为 F 值 ; 抗 -HBs: 乙型肝炎表面抗体 ;GMC: 几何平均浓度 2.75(19.29~22.32) 58.55(52.41~65.4) (124.48~147.48) (484.24~667.75) b 6.33(56.97~63.9) 变量 疫苗类型 2 μg HepB-CHO 2 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-SC 1 μg HepB-HP 初次免疫年龄 ( 岁 ) 18~29 3~39 4~49 性别男女 BMI(kg/m 2 ) 体重过轻正常超重肥胖吸烟史不吸烟吸烟饮酒史偶尔饮酒经常饮酒初次免疫后 1 个月 GMC(mU/ml) ~999 1 ~ ~ 表 4 乙型肝炎疫苗初次免疫后 3 年成年正常应答和高应答者抗 -HBs 阳性和 GMC 影响因素 抗 -HBs 阳性 β 值 Wald χ 2 值 P 值 OR(95%CI) 值.65(.5~.84).52(.41~.67).31(.28~.45).88(.67~1.16).96(.74~1.25) 1.18(.98~1.41) 1.34(.6~2.98) 1.68(.75~3.75) 1.29(.55~3.) 1.3(.79~1.36) 1.5(.75~1.49) 4.97(3.8~6.49) 7.87(6.19~1.1) 9.67(6.47~14.44) a GMC b t 值 P 值 b(95%ci) 值 (-.47~-.2) -.41(-.55~-.28) -.78(-.92~-.65) -.31(-.47~-.15) -.24(-.39~-.9).8(-.3~.19).27(-.19~.72).26(-.2~.72).14(-.34~.63).(-.17~.17).15(-.5~.35) (.87~1.14) 1.85(1.74~1.97) 3.28(3.12~3.44) 注 : a 多因素 logistic 回归分析 ; b 多因素线性回归分析 ;HepB-CHO: 重组中国仓鼠卵巢细胞乙型肝炎疫苗 ;HepB-SC: 重组酿酒酵母乙型肝炎疫苗 ;HepB-HP: 重组汉逊酵母乙型肝炎疫苗 ; 抗 -HBs: 乙型肝炎表面抗体 ;GMC: 几何平均浓度 抗 -HBs 的 GMC 下降幅度相近, 均高于 9%, 与既往 研究一致 [14,17-18] 本研究发现,2 μg HepB-CHO 初次免疫组 3 年 随访时抗 -HBs 的阳性率和 GMC 高于其他 3 个疫苗 [19] 组 何鹏等发现 名 6~12 岁儿童接种 1 μg HepB-CHO 与 5 μg HepB-SC 后随访的不同年

6 中华预防医学杂志 216 年 6 月第 5 卷第 6 期 Chin J Prev Med,June 216, Vol. 5, No 限,HepB-CHO 抗体阳性率均高于 HepB-SC, 后者免 疫后抗体下降速度快, 与本研究结果类似 HepB-CHO 对 B 细胞的激活作用强于酵母细胞, 且 CHO 细胞属于高等真核生物细胞, 其表达的 HBsAg 更接近自然的 HBsAg, 糖基化程度高 [2], 可能是其 能诱发较强抗体反应的原因 本研究同时发现, HepB 初免后 3 年成年人抗 -HBs 阳性率和 GMC 均 与初次免疫抗 -HBs 的 GMC 独立相关, 提示在制订 成年人加强免疫策略时, 需考虑其初次免疫抗 -HBs 的 GMC 本研究还发现, 年龄与抗 -HBs 的 GMC 有 [21] 关, 与性别 BMI 等无关, 与陈胤忠等报道基本一 致 不同于国外某些研究, 与同系列研究一 [5,22-23] 致, 本研究发现肥胖 吸烟和喝酒均不是影响 正常应答和高应答者抗体持久性的主要因素 由 于实施难度较大, 本研究中仅 73% 的调查对象在初 免后 3 年接受了随访调查, 失访率达 27%, 且失访 对象中 18~29 岁失访者较多, 在一定程度上影响 了本研究的结果 综上所述,HepB 初次免疫成年正常应答和高应 答者 3 年随访, 抗 -HBs 的 GMC 消退较快, 抗 -HBs 阳 性率仍维持在较高水平,2 μg/ 剂次 HepB 优于 1 μg/ 剂次, 且 HepB-CHO 优于 HepB-SC; 随访 抗 -HBs 的阳性率和 GMC 主要与疫苗类型 初次免疫 抗 -HBs 的 GMC 有关, 应继续对该类人群进行随访, 探 讨 HepB 成年正常应答和高应答者的长期保护效果 志谢 山东省章丘市 CDC 对本研究的大力支持 参考文献 [1] 黄玉莲, 郭秀梅, 李君梅, 等. 克拉玛依市公共服务场所感染传播乙型肝炎危险性调查 [J]. 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,214,28 (4): DOI: 1.376/cma.j.issn [2] Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, et al. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 213 [J]. Lancet, 215, 386(3): DOI: 1.116/ S (15)61412-X. [3] Liang X, Bi S, Yang W, et al. Reprint of: Epidemiological serosurvey of Hepatitis B in China--declining HBV prevalence due to Hepatitis B vaccination[j]. Vaccine, 213, 31 Suppl 9: J DOI: 1.116/j.vaccine [4] Lepetic A, Biscayart C, Seigelchifer M, et al. Persistence of immunity and seroprotection 4 years after a primary vaccination schedule with a Hansenula polymorpha recombinant hepatitis B vaccine[j]. Vaccine, 23, 21(27-3): [5] Höhler T, Groeger-Bicanic G, Hoet B, et al. Antibody persistence and immune memory elicited by combined hepatitis A and B vaccination in older adults[j]. Vaccine, 27, 25(8): DOI: 1.116/j.vaccine [6] Van Damme P, Leroux-Roels G, Law B, et al. Long-term persistence of antibodies induced by vaccination and safety follow-up, with the first combined vaccine against hepatitis A and B in children and adults[j]. J Med Virol, 21, 65(1): [7] 栾承峰, 陈胤忠, 吴巨飞. 成年人接种重组酵母乙肝疫苗后抗 -HBs 动态观察 [J]. 中国公共卫生管理,21,26(6): [8] Yang L, Yao J, Li J, et al. Suitable hepatitis B vaccine for adult immunization in China[J]. Immunol Res, 216, 64(1): DOI: 1.7/s [9] 张勇, 毕胜利. 全国乙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查乙型肝炎病毒标志检测中的质量控制 [J]. 中国疫苗和免疫, 29,15(5): [1] 张勇, 王锋, 马景臣, 等. 五种国产酶免疫测定法抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原检测试剂的评价 [J]. 中国疫苗和免疫, 29,15(5): [11] 王锋, 马景臣, 张文英, 等. 五种国产酶免疫测定法抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原抗体检测试剂的评价 [J]. 中国疫苗和免疫,29,15(5): [12] 马景臣, 齐顺祥, 王锋, 等. 五种国产酶免疫测定法抗乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原抗体检测试剂的评价 [J]. 中国疫苗和免疫,29,15(5):4-43. [13] Isolani AP, Sversuti CS, Sell AM, et al. Protection against hepatitis B by the Butang recombinant vaccine in newborn children in South Brazil[J]. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 26, 11 (5): [14] Schönberger K, Riedel C, Rückinger S, et al. Determinants of Long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy: a meta-analysis[j]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 213, 32(4): DOI: 1.197/INF.b13e31827bd1b. [15] 张代英, 田华菊.376 例全麻术后患者麻醉复苏室护理结果分析 [J]. 实用医院临床杂志,213,1(4): [16] Chang MH. Breakthrough HBV infection in vaccinated children in Taiwan: surveillance for HBV mutants[j]. Antivir Ther, 21, 15(3 Pt B): DOI: /IMP1555. [17] Chaves SS, Fischer G, Groeger J, et al. Persistence of long-term immunity to hepatitis B among adolescents immunized at birth[j]. Vaccine, 212, 3(9): DOI: 1.116/j.vaccine [18] 任宏, 李燕婷, 吴寰宇, 等. 乙肝表面抗体衰减人群细胞免疫状态和影响因素分析 [J]. 上海预防医学,21,22(3): [19] 何鹏, 吴晓音, 荆庆, 等. 两种重组乙型肝炎疫苗免疫儿童后的抗体应答和免疫持久性 [J]. 中国生物制品学杂志,28,21 (6): ,526.DOI: /j.issn [2] 梁争论, 李河民, 张华远. 基因工程乙型肝炎疫苗免疫原性和免疫效果的评价 [J]. 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,23, 23(9): DOI: 1.376/j:issn: [21] 陈胤忠, 姜仁杰, 沈进进, 等. 重组 CHO 2 μg 乙肝疫苗应用于成年人的免疫持久性观察 [R]. 26 年全国肝炎疫苗研究及应用经验交流会, 成都,26. [22] Hadler SC, Margolis HS. Hepatitis B immunization: vaccine types, efficacy, and indications for immunization[j]. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis, 1992, 12: [23] 张丽, 吕静静, 颜丙玉, 等. 乙型肝炎疫苗初次免疫成年无应答者再次免疫后 24 个月免疫持久性观察 [J]. 中华预防医学杂志,215, (9): DOI: 1.376/cma.j.issn ( 收稿日期 : ) ( 本文编辑 : 冯磊梁明修吕相征 )

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