Childhood Obesity in Hays CISD: Changes from

Transcription

1 Childhood Obesity in Hays CISD: Changes from Leigh Ann Ganzar, MPH Susan Millea, PhD Presentation to HCISD School Health Advisory Committee August 14, 2018

2 Partnership to Promote Child Health Two studies conducted at no cost to HCISD addressing Child Obesity Study 1: Elementary, Middle, High School Students as a group, over time Study 2: Comparing students to themselves over time

3 Background Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem: Increases risk for cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes Has negative mental health consequences in children Increases risk for obesity in adulthood 1 Body mass index (BMI) is a valuable measure to assess changes in overweight and obesity over time in children 2 Overweight is defined as having a BMI greater than or equal to the 85 th percentile and below the 95 th percentile Obesity: BMI is greater than or equal to the 95 th percentile for children and adolescents of the same age and sex 3 Nearly 1 in 5 school age children and young people (6 to 19 years) in the United States has obesity Ethnic minority children having higher rates of obesity compared to non- Hispanic white children 4 Schools can serve as an important context for health promotion and obesity prevention, especially the presence of environmental and noncurricular components, including the policies and practices around healthy behavior promotion 5

4 STUDY 1: ELEMENTARY, MIDDLE, HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AS A GROUP, OVER TIME

5 Purpose As a follow up to the school year collaboration between Hays CISD and Children s Optimal Health, the purpose of this project was to assess changes in overweight and obesity in Hays CISD students over time. This study looked at SY and SY

6 Results Distribution of Hispanic Students

7 Results Distribution of Non-Hispanic White Students

8 Results Distribution of Economically Disadvantaged Students

9 Results Distribution of Overweight and Obese Students

10 Conclusion Elementary School Students Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obesity Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obesity in Hispanic students Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obesity in both non-economically disadvantaged and economically disadvantaged students Middle School Students Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obesity overall Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obese both male and female middle school students Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obesity in both non-economically disadvantaged and economically disadvantaged students

11 High School Students Conclusion Marginally significant increase in the proportion of overweight and obesity While the changes in economically disadvantaged students were significant, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among this group is still higher than that of non- economically disadvantaged students in both elementary and middle school. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of overweight and obese among Hispanic students, but the proportion was still higher than non-hispanic white students in both elementary and middle schools students.

12 Conclusion The maps provided information about trends over time: Increasing geographic segregation across the I-35 corridor between socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic groups. Despite the decreases seen in proportion of overweight and obese students in some areas of the school district, disparities remain between economically disadvantaged students and their higher income counterparts.

13 Recommendations Though this study showed decreases in the proportion of overweight and obese Hispanic and economically disadvantaged students, future efforts should continue to prioritize these high risk groups for health promotion programs and policies due the persistent disparities between these groups and non-hispanic white and higher income students. While Hays CISD has implemented wellness policies, Coordinated Approach to Child Health programs, and other school health interventions, improving the nutrition and physical activity environments both in schools and in communities has the potential to improve child health, especially among vulnerable populations. School based obesity prevention must take into consider the multitude of influences that affect child health, including school environment and the broader social and community contexts.

14 STUDY 2: STUDENTS COMPARED TO THEMSELVES OVER TIME

15 Purpose The purpose of this project was to assess the within student changes in overweight and obesity and cardiovascular fitness over time. A cohort of Hays CISD students who were measured in school year and again in were used for this study.

16 Students compared to self over time BMI Total Sample % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese

17 Students compared to self over time BMI by Sex Male Female % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese

18 Students compared to self over time BMI by Ethnicity Hispanic Non-Hispanic White Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese Black/African American Other Race/Ethnicity % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese

19 Students compared to self over time BMI by Economic Disadvantage Economically Disadvantaged Not Economically Disadvantaged % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Underweight Healthy Overweight Obese

20 Conclusion Overall, significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obesity Significant decreases being among those students who were obese and therefore at highest risk. Significant decreases in the proportion of overweight and obese among: Male students, Hispanic students, 5 th grade students at baseline, and Economically disadvantaged students. While the changes in economically disadvantaged students were significant, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among this group is still higher than that of non- economically disadvantaged students. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of overweight and obese among Hispanic students, but the proportion was still higher than non-hispanic white students in both years of measurement.

21 References 1. Dietz WH. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics. 1998;101(Supplement 2): Cole TJ, Faith MS, Pietrobelli A, Heo M. What is the best measure of adiposity change in growing children: BMI, BMI%, BMI z-score or BMI centile? European journal of clinical nutrition. 2005;59(3): Ogden CL, Flegal KM. Changes in terminology for childhood overweight and obesity. Age. 2010;12(12). 4. Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, : US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; Naylor P-J, McKay HA. Prevention in the first place: schools a setting for action on physical inactivity. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;43(1): Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Advance data. 2000(314): Texas Education Agency. PEIMS - Overview Austin, TX2018 [cited 2018 June 5]. Available from: _Overview/. 8. Setia MS. Methodology series module 3: Cross-sectional studies. Indian journal of dermatology. 2016;61(3): Lyn R. Implementation of the SHAPE Act in Georgia: An Evaluation of FITNESSGRAM Administration Active Living Research Annual Conference2015.

22 Thank You! Susan Millea