Understanding prebiotics and scientific discoveries furthering their development
|
|
- Tyrone Strickland
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Understanding prebiotics and scientific discoveries furthering their development Karen P. Scott Microbiology Group Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health
2 CONTENT What are synbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics The gut microbiota Can we use prebiotics to improve health? Are Prebiotics the most effective approach to improving health?
3 Definitions Probiotics live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO 2001) Prebiotics A selectively fermented ingredient that results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health. (Gibson et al. 2010) Synbiotics mixtures of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affect the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract (Andersson et al 2001)
4 Definitions Probiotics Prebiotics Consumption of live bacteria Food for bacteria that are already in large intestine Synbiotics mixtures of live bacteria and substrate that can help them (and resident bacteria) grow and survive
5 Prebiotics Definition Description Example A selectively fermented ingredient Must reach the large intestine undigested by host enzymes Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) that results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, Must only be fermented by one/few colonic bacteria, not by all bacteria OR Must change the balance of fermentation products Increases numbers of Bifidobacteria Increases butyrate production thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health. Must be a measurable health benefit Eg increases Ca absorption
6 Prebiotics Accepted examples of prebiotics Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) Inulin Candidate prebiotics Lactulose Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) Arabinoxylan Resistant starch Occurrence (3-10%) FOS/inulin occur naturally in some foods Chicory, garlic, artichoke, leek Increase amounts by supplementation cereals, bread, yoghurts,etc Use in infant formula/foods (FOS and GOS) Target (adult) intake: 2 20g/day Health benefits Garlic (9-16%) Leeks Change bacterial growth/activity Stool bulk/transit time Onion (2-6%) BUT current lack of real biomarker for GI health
7 CONTENT What are synbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics The gut microbiota Can we use prebiotics to improve health? Are Prebiotics the most effective approach to improving health?
8 Human Gut Microbiota / ml gut contents (large intestine) Outnumber human cells in the body by 10 : 1 Complex and diverse bacterial community >500 hundred different bacterial species colonise each individual Colon Most are highly oxygen sensitive, but can be cultured Molecular approaches (mainly based on 16S ribosomal genes) allow analysis of bacterial communities without cultivation Until recently >70 % of phylotypes belonged to no known cultured species
9 Dominant bacterial phylotypes ~50% of sequences correspond to 25 most abundant species We have cultured representatives of all of them 295 additional phylotypes 8% 0.6% Data from 6 healthy, obese individuals; converted from Walker et al 2011, ISME J 5% 2% Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Eubacterium rectale Colinsella aerofaciens Clostridium clostridioforme Bacteroides vulgatus Bacteroidetes Anaerostipes hadrus Ruminococcus bromii IV, Ruminococcus group Eubacterium hallii Blautia wexleri Bacteroides dorei Roseburia faecis Dorea longicatena Subdoligranulum variabile Bacteroides uniformis Ruminococcus obeum Bacteroides ovatus Blautia luti Parabacteroides distasonis sp nov A2-166 sp nov SR1/5 Lachnospira pectinoschiza sp nov 80/3 Dialister invisus Roseburia inulinivorans Ruminococcus callidus others IV, F.prausnitzii group XIVa, E.rectale/Roseburia group major butyrate producers Major propionate producers Major lactate utilisers (into butyrate) Top 25 range of products
10 Fate of dietary products in the GIT Food absorption Small intestine* Digestion of dietary carbohydrate, starches, sugars, fat, protein Monosaccharides, fat, aminoacids, soluble phytochemicals Proximal large intestine Resistant Starch, Fibre (NSP), prebiotics SCFA, gases, phytochemicals, other metabolites, minerals Distal SCFA concentration gradient (acetate, butyrate, propionate) faeces Undigested carbohydrate, Lignin, unabsorbed nutrients Blood stream Transported in blood to peripheral tissues, used in lipogenesis [Adapted from Topping & Clifton, 2001 Physiol Rev. 81; ] Major energy source for human colonocytes; Protects against cancer Important for gluconeogenesis in the liver; satiety signalling
11 Diseases where dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been noted (and opportunities for prebiotics) Disease IBS IBD Microbial association Therapy target or substrate Altered diversity (inc Clostridium; Dec Bifido, Fprau) Reduced diversity (inc proteo/enterobacteria; dec Lachnospiraceae, cluster IV) Colorectal cancer Inc Fusobacterium, E. coli Coronary heart disease Inc or dec fibre intake (eg inc starch) dietary fibre prebiotics Lower serum cholesterol; Inc β-glucan Scientific evidence variable Alter fermentation, faecal bulking, reduced transit time Reduce cholesterol, BP Obesity Reduced diversity Appetite regulation? Diabetes Inc opportunist pathogens, dec butyrate producers prebiotics Modify glycemic and insulin response Osteoporosis Inc colonic ph Prebiotics Lower ph, increase Ca absorption
12 log Bif log Rrec The microbial community and disease : IBS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) complex disease, different manifestations Increased fibre intake helps some sufferers, increases symptoms in others more variability between IBS-C individuals than between healthy volunteers. E.rectale/Roseburia group p= baseline 1=Back; 2=Dextrose; dextrose 3=Starch starch Blue healthy Red IBS Bifidobacteria p=0.029 PCA of FISH data for background samples Significantly less Roseburia and Bifidobacteria species in IBS:healthy Chassard et al Aliment Pharm Ther. 2012, 35; baseline 1=Back; 2=Dextrose; dextrose 3=Starch starch
13 CONTENT What are synbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics The gut microbiota Can we use prebiotics to improve health? Are Prebiotics the most effective approach to improving health?
14 Health benefits attributed to prebiotics Improved gut function stool bulking and faster gut transit Management of Inflammatory bowel disease reduction in inflammatory markers Jan 2014 EFSA preliminary approval of health claim Increased consumption of Native chicory inulin can Prebiotics may reduce the increase risk of colon stool cancer frequency reduced DNA damage and cell proliferation, faster gut transit Prebiotic (GOS/FOS) supplementation of infant formula increases bifidobacteria numbers Prebiotics (FOS/Inulin) increase calcium absorption and bone health ph effect Consumption of prebiotics instead of sugars can lower glycaemic index induce a lower blood glucose rise after meals compared to those containing sugars Jan 2014 EFSA preliminary approval of health claim Rodent studies indicate that prebiotics reduce food intake and fat mass SCFA stimulated secretion of gut peptides Inulin/FOS can lower glycaemic index (PYY, GLP-1, reduced ghrelin)? more work required consumption of foods containing non-digestible carbohydrates instead of sugars induces a lower blood glucose rise after meals compared to those containing sugars
15 Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) GOS are produced from lactose Gal Glu Gal Glu Gal Glu Lactose Lactose β-galactosidase GOS stimulate growth of Bifidobacteria n Galacto- Oligosaccharides (n = 1 7) Glu Glucose 9 studies in healthy adults between studies also showed increase in Lactobacilli 8 studies in infants comparing GOS formula with normal formula 2 studies also showed increase in Lactobacilli Applications improve infant formula to be more representative of breast milk - use to improve constipation and increase Bifidobacteria populations in geriatrics
16 More recent studies using GOS prebiotic supplementation Prevents decrease in bifidobacteria population and butyrate production otherwise shown following amoxicillin treatment Ladirat SE et al BJN 2014 Reduced colic incidence in formula fed infants, increased bifidobacteria (mimics effect of human milk) Giovannini et al J Am Coll Nut 2014 Increases Ca absorption and bifidobacteria counts in adolescent girls Whisner et al 2013 BJN Increases bifidobacteria in healthy adults but response is individual-specific Responders and non-responders Davis LMG 2011 PLosOne - Bacterial effects mainly focus on Bifidobacteria
17 Dietary supplementation with traditional prebiotics Many studies have shown that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin stimulate numbers of Bifidobacteria = Bifidogenic BUT Bifidobacteria produce lactate, and prebiotics stimulate butyrate production HOW? 2 possible mechanisms of butyrate Fructans, β(1-2) fructose polymer FOS n= 2-8 (DP) inulin 9<n<60 1. additional direct stimulation butyrate producers 2. Bacterial cross-feeding
18 % of universal 16S rrna gene copies Effect of prebiotics (inulin) on the faecal microbiota Q-PCR quantification of dominant groups of the human gut microbiota 50 Cluster XIVa Cluster IV background control inulin 20 P = P = Bact Cl XIVa Rrec2 Rrec1 Ehal Cl IV Fprau Rum CoAT Bifids Stimulation of bifidobacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii produces butyrate Fuller et al, BJN (2007); Ramirez et al, BJN (2009)
19 Commensal anaerobes use prebiotic substrates for growth YCFA basal Starch P95 FOS Synergy HP Dahlia inulin XOS P95 FOS synergy HP dahlia As complexity of substrate No. of bacteria utilising it Structure of prebiotic important 0 Bi. infantis E. rectale R. inulinivorans R. faecis Scott KP et al FEMS Micro Ecol 2014
20 SCFA concentration [mm] Bacterial cross-feeding Gut bacteria exist in a complex mixed ecosystem Starch/FOS Acetate Lactate Formate Butyrate Bifidobacterium adolescentis Acetate L-Lactate Formate Eubacterium hallii Bif. adol. E. hallii Duncan SH et al, AEM, 2004
21 SCFA concentration [mm] Bacterial cross-feeding Gut bacteria exist in a complex mixed ecosystem Starch/FOS Acetate Lactate Formate Butyrate Bifidobacterium adolescentis Acetate L-Lactate Formate cross-feeding Eubacterium hallii 2 0 Bif. adol. Bif. adol. Butyrate (Duncan et al, AEM, 2004; Belenguer et al, AEM 2006) E. hallii E. hallii Duncan SH et al, AEM, 2004 Belenguer et al, AEM 2006
22 Mechanisms by which prebiotics increase butyrate Prebiotics and butyrate 2 routes for production production? (Resistant starch) FOS INULIN Direct utilisation by butyrate producers Increase in Bifidobacteria Utilisation of intermediate products: CROSS-FEEDING [Butyrate] [Lactate] [Acetate]
23 Is a prebiotic best given along with a probiotic bacterium - as a synbiotic? Synbiotic = probiotic plus prebiotic Combination critical - Probiotic bacterium should be able to use prebiotic as a growth substrate can help survival and establishment Lactitol and Lb. acidophilus in elderly Increase in Lb. acidophilus and total Bifidobacteria synergy 1(FOS) plus B. animalis Increased population of total bifidobacteria, Mix of 4 bacteria plus FOS reduced upper GIT infection in intensive care patients Different mix of 4 bacteria with 4 prebiotics reduced post-operative infections following liver transplants (3% compared to 48%) Synbiotic therapy (GOS + B. breve + Lb. casei) significantly improved numbers of beneficial bacteria (Bifids and Lactobacilli), and decreased the number of harmful bacteria in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery Synbiotic consumption (B. longum plus Synergy1) improved clinical symptoms in Crohns disease patients Distinguishing responders : non-responders is an important factor for consideration in all prebiotic/probiotic/synbiotic studies
24 Volunteers with the lowest initial levels of bifidobacteria gave the maximum increase in bifidobacteria numbers after inulin supplementation Change in bifidobacteria (log10 cells/g faeces) after treatment Greatest change in Bifidobacteria numbers in individuals with lowest starting populations Bifidobacteria (log10 cells/g faeces) at start of study Prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study P. Ramnani, et al BJN (2010), 104, Background levels of host bacteria critical in level of response
25 Identifying new prebiotics Prebiotics A selectively fermented ingredient that results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health. (Gibson et al. 2010) Increasing carbohydrate content of diet has a prebiotic effect Increases numbers of Roseburia group and stimulates butyrate production - is this selective fermentation? Increasing RS III component of diet has a prebiotic effect selective fermentation, increasing numbers of R. bromii and E. rectale - what is benefit on host health? What makes a prebiotic? not always easy to answer
26 Is there a role for new prebiotics to specifically modify the composition of the gut microbiota and improve health? Targeted approach : Novel prebiotics Microbiome studies identify bacteria lacking in disease states Genomic studies identify substrate degradation capabilities In vitro testing to confirm bacterial growth on novel prebiotic In vitro testing to confirm increased population In vivo confirmation microbiota composition and health markers Ultimate requirement: Personalised nutrition based on individual microbial profile Prebiotics can help boost the numbers of key species ALREADY THERE
27 Acknowledgements Jenny Martin Petra Louis Professor Harry Flint Sylvia Duncan Alan Walker Everyone in the microbial ecology group - including numerous visitors and summer students Everyone in the Human Nutrition Unit Genomics section (Gill Campbell, Pauline Young) BioSS (Claus-Dieter Mayer, Grietje Holtrop) Annick Bernalier-Donadille, Christophe Chassard
Microbial Fermentation, SCFA Absorption and Further Metabolism by Host. Karen Scott
Microbial Fermentation, SCFA Absorption and Further Metabolism by Host Karen Scott SCFA metabolism section Contributors Bert Groen Gilles Mithieux Elaine Vaughan Karen Scott Functions of the gut microbiota
More informationPredicting the impact of diet on the human intestinal microbiota
Predicting the impact of diet on the human intestinal microbiota Sylvia H. Duncan and Harry J. Flint Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, UK ROWETT INSTITUTE
More informationThe role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target.
Michael Connolly Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target. University of Reading 2008 www.reading.ac.uk
More informationExamining the effects of pre and probiotics on gut microbiota during the ageing process
Session: Reviewing key ingredients shaping nutrition for healthy ageing Tuesday 22 nd November 2016 Examining the effects of pre and probiotics on gut microbiota during the ageing process Louise R Wilson
More informationMetabolite cross-feeding among the human gut microbiota
Metabolite cross-feeding among the human gut microbiota Harry J Flint Sylvia H Duncan Karen P Scott Petra Louis Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen,UK Metabolite cross-feeding
More informationFIBER HEALTH BENEFITS
FIBER FIBER HEALTH BENEFITS Normal Laxation: Increase stool weight from fiber, water retained by fiber and bacterial mass Eases defecation and prevents or relieves constipation Cereal fibers are best;
More informationSelective enrichment of key bacterial groups within the human colon in response to changes in diet
Selective enrichment of key bacterial groups within the human colon in response to changes in diet Alan Walker Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Diet and the human gut microbiota A significant proportion
More informationHealth Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber JENNIFER ERICKSON, PhD, RD Objectives Provide some background on dietary fiber To define the term "prebiotic dietary fiber" To discuss potential health effects
More informationPREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION
PREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION Seema Hooda, Kelly S. Swanson, George C. Fahey, Jr. Department t of Animal Sciences Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute
More informationThe role of nutrition in optimum gastrointestinal health
The role of nutrition in optimum gastrointestinal health Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Kraft Foods Human Nutrition Endowed Professor University Distinguished Teacher-Scholar University of Illinois
More informationOur microbiome: The role of vital gut bacteria, diet, nutrition and obesity
Our microbiome: The role of vital gut bacteria, diet, nutrition and obesity Prof Kevin Whelan Professor of Dietetics King s College London @ProfWhelan #BSG2017 Speaker Declarations This presenter has the
More informationInulin prebiotic: is it all about bifidobacteria?
Inulin prebiotic: is it all about bifidobacteria? Article Accepted Version Claus, S. (2017) Inulin prebiotic: is it all about bifidobacteria? Gut, 66 (11). pp. 1883 1884. ISSN 1468 3288 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl
More informationCurrent International Regulatory Positions on Prebiotics
Workshop on Prebiotic as a Health Benefit of Fibre: Future Research and Goals Current International Regulatory Positions on Prebiotics Bethesda LSRO, February 10, 2011 Wim Caers Regulatory & Nutrition
More informationDietary Fibres Soluble Fibres: can be.. Insoluble Fibres : can be..
Dietary Fibres The fraction of edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates that are: Resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with.. Complete or partial fermentation in
More informationAll About Gut Health. Bowel Cancer Awareness. Bowel Cancer Risk: We are what we eat
All About Gut Health Bowel Cancer Awareness www.spotscreen.net.au Bowel cancer is the 2nd biggest cancer killer after lung cancer; 77 Australians each week. 15,151 people are diagnosed each year Claims
More informationThe Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota Where are we now? 360 B.C. 2003 Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity Ley et al., Nature. 2006. Consumer Driven Science For Better of
More informationDietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk
Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk Dr Silvia Gratz Research Fellow Gut Health - Microbiology The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Processed meat is classified as human carcinogen
More information9/12/2017. Introduction. NHMRC Recommendations. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) defines Dietary Fibre as follows:
Introduction Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) defines Dietary Fibre as follows: Dietary fibre means that fraction of the edible parts of plants or their extracts, or synthetic analogues, that
More informationINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA Microbiota in the animal or human intestine has evolved together with the host. Consequently, the gastrointestinal tract could be considered a metacommunity,
More informationR&D Forum 2. Protein
R&D Forum 2 Protein Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk Speaker: Silvia Gratz, Research Fellow, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, UK Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal
More informationMICROBIOME ANALYSIS REPORT
MICROBIOME ANALYSIS REPORT Client name: N.E. Body Order No.: 6140 Report date: 2018-04-19 Sample Type: Gut Sample Barcode: 322672 Report Type: Single Hello Please find enclosed the results of your personalised
More informationGUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH? Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University Center for Research on Ingredient Safety Annual Meeting
More informationHow can we manipulate the human gut microbiota to affect host metabolism? Group 3
How can we manipulate the human gut microbiota to affect host metabolism? Group 3 Patrice Cani Prebiotics and metabolism in humans Michiel Kleerebezem Lactobacillus and metabolism in humans Sarah O'Flaherty
More informationGOAT MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES PURIFICATION AND SELECTED BIFIDOBACTERIA CARBOHYDRATE UTILISATION Caroline Thum, PhD student
GOAT MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES PURIFICATION AND SELECTED BIFIDOBACTERIA CARBOHYDRATE UTILISATION Caroline Thum, PhD student 04/06/2011 Introduction Maternal diet Fermentable oligosaccharides Breast feeding
More information30/07/2018. Defining Fibre - Challenges & Controversies. Fibre Definitions
Defining Fibre - Challenges & Controversies Definitions vary around the world and even amongst organisations Fibre is not a single entity, not even a group of related compounds (it s a very large, mixed
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2 Learning outcomes. Slide 3. Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota. The importance of microbiota
Slide 1 Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota Professor Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Research Unit Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk
More informationPREBIOTICS, THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND BONE HEALTH
PREBIOTICS, THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND BONE HEALTH Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University June 7, 2017 OVERVIEW 1. Osteoporosis 1. Prevalence 2. Prevention
More informationהשפעת חיידקים פרוביוטיים
השפעת חיידקים פרוביוטיים החיים בחלל )המעי(... על רון שאול יחידת גסטרו ילדים מרכז רפואי רמב"ם Introduction The intestinal microflora primarily in the large bowel consists mostly on benign bacterial species
More informationBeyond the Scope: An Integrative Gastroenterologist s Approach to Digestive Disorders
Beyond the Scope: An Integrative Gastroenterologist s Approach to Digestive Disorders Robynne Chutkan, MD, FASGE Digestive Center for Wellness, LLC MedStar Georgetown University Hospital The real voyage
More informationIl microbiota come mediatore dell interazione tra l uomo e le sostanze che ingerisce
Cosmofarma(BO), 06.05.2017 Il microbiota come mediatore dell interazione tra l uomo e le sostanze che ingerisce Marina Elli, PhD Multifactorial determinants shaping human microbiome (Blandino et al. 2016)
More informationNEERJA HAJELA, PhD Head Science Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd.
NEERJA HAJELA, PhD Head Science Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. What we already know. Functional Foods - foods that provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains.. American Dietetics
More informationBeyond the Scope: The Microbiome & The Future of Gastroenterology
Beyond the Scope: The Microbiome & The Future of Gastroenterology Robynne Chutkan, MD, FASGE Digestive Center for Wellness, LLC MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Rapid Identification of Microbes
More informationWEBINAR Microbial Metabolism Associated with Health. 12 April 2018; CET
WEBINAR Microbial Metabolism Associated with Health 12 April 2018; 15.00-16.30 CET PROGRAMME Brief Introduction of Both Organisations and Scientific Background Dr Bettina Schelkle (ILSI Europe, BE) Dr
More informationPrebiotics in Aquaculture: New Strategy for Larviculture Improvment?
Prebiotics in Aquaculture: New Strategy for Larviculture Improvment Mahious A.S. LARVI 05 Fish & Shellfish Larviculture Symposium September 5-8 2005, Belgium General concept Probiotics Synbiotics Prebiotics
More informationGut Microbiota and IBD. Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI
Gut Microbiota and IBD Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI 1393.3.1 2 GUT MICROBIOTA 100 Trillion Microbes - 10 times more than cells in our body Collective weight of about 1kg in human
More informationNext generation of probiotics
Session: Evaluating next generation ingredients to support digestive health Wednesday 23 rd November 2016 Next generation of probiotics Louise R Wilson RD PhD Assistant Science Manager, Yakult UK Ltd LWilson@yakult.co.uk
More informationAbout the Editors List of Contributors
3GFTOC 07/20/2013 11:21:12 Page 9 Preface About the Editors List of Contributors Acknowledgements xvii xix xxi xxv 1 Starch Biosynthesis in Relation to Resistant Starch 1 Geetika Ahuja, Sarita Jaiswal
More informationDietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health
Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health It is well known that dietary fiber plays a significant role in preventing non-communicable diseases such as
More informationThe Microbiome has Multiple Influences on Human Health
The Microbiome has Multiple Influences on Human Health Clifford Adams 1 and Bettina Gutirrez 2 1 ANOZENE Nutritional Sciences, Fruithoflaan 101, bus 14, 2600 Berchem Antwerp, Belgium. 2 Jennewein Biotechnologie
More informationUnderstanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
More informationGut microbiota in IBS and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and low FODMAP diet
Gut microbiota in IBS and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and low FODMAP diet Kevin Whelan PhD RD FBDA Professor of Dietetics Department of Nutritional Sciences King s College London Nutritional
More informationEver wonder what s really happening on the inside?
For Practitioners Ever wonder what s really happening on the inside? Are your patients suffering from diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas or indigestion? Rocky Mountain Analytical is now offering Gut-Well
More informationThe impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development
The Gut-Brain Axis The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Lao-American Nutrition Institute With acknowledgements
More informationCarbohydrate Competence Centre Technical Brochure. Dietary fibre What is it and how to measure it correctly. Introduction. Dietary Fiber definition
Carbohydrate Competence Centre Technical Brochure Dietary fibre What is it and how to measure it correctly Introduction It is generally recognised that dietary fibre is an essential dietary requirement
More information9/25/2018 COPE WEBINAR SERIES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DID YOU USE YOUR PHONE TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR?
COPE WEBINAR SERIES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DID YOU USE YOUR PHONE TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR? September 26, 2018 The Gut Microbiome-Diabetes Connection Moderator: Lisa Diewald MS, RD, LDN Program Manager
More informationVITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT Nutrients Looking at individual nutrients that are involved with gut health can be misleading This is not about taking individual nutrients It supports more a whole food
More informationPhysiology of the gut and mechanisms of prebiotic effect. Joanne Slavin, Ph.D, R.D. Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota
Physiology of the gut and mechanisms of prebiotic effect Joanne Slavin, Ph.D, R.D. Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota Fermentable carbohydrate: GI Tract Incompletely digested
More informationEffects of Variation in the Community Structures of Human Gut Microbiota on the Utilization of Marine Oligosaccharides in Food
Effects of Variation in the Community Structures of Human Gut Microbiota on the Utilization of Marine Oligosaccharides in Food Dr. Xin Wang Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science (ZAAS), Hangzhou, China
More information9/18/2018. The Physiological Roles of the Intestinal Microbiota. Learning Objectives
The Physiological Roles of the Intestinal Microbiota Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Professor and Head, Kinesiology and Nutrition University Distinguished Teacher-Scholar University of Illinois
More informationDysbiosis & Inflammation
MASTERING THE MICROBIOME: Dysbiosis & Inflammation 2017 Tom Fabian, PhD It is reasonable to propose that the composition of the microbiome and its activities are involved in most, if not all, of the biological
More informationPrebiotic fibres and the microbiome in dietary guidelines new developments. Jan Willem van der Kamp TNO, the Netherlands
Prebiotic fibres and the microbiome in dietary guidelines new developments TNO, the Netherlands Public health, dietary guidelines and MyNewGut Statement in MyNewGut Description of Work Special attention
More informationPrebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria, in vitro
RESEARCH ARTICLE Prebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria, in vitro Karen P. Scott, Jennifer C. Martin, Sylvia H. Duncan & Harry J. Flint Microbial Ecology
More informationThe Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System 4 Feb 2016 The Intestinal Microbiota 10 fold more bacterial cells than human cells 100-1000 fold more bacterial genes than human genes Why does
More informationPrebiotics vs. Probiotics
PREBIOTICS BACKGROUND First identified and defined in 1995 by Marcel Roberfroid. Nondigestible food ingredients (usually carbs.) that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth
More informationDietary fibres and polyols: A way forward to carbohydrate management for healthy world
1 Dietary fibres and polyols: A way forward to carbohydrate management for healthy world Laetitia GUERIN DEREMAUX Biology & Nutrition Department Manager ROQUETTE Jointly organised by: Presentation 2 Part
More informationHOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH THE INTESTINAL BARRIER AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY Intestinal Barrier: a functional body Defense from translocation of dietary antigens, bacteria or bacterial endotoxins
More informationRegulatory challenges in the drug-food continuum. Yolanda Sanz IMI Stakeholder Forum Microbiome Brussels, Belgium
Regulatory challenges in the drug-food continuum Yolanda Sanz 19.10.2017 IMI Stakeholder Forum Microbiome Brussels, Belgium Outline Regulation of health claims on foods EU No 1924/2006 Reconciling science
More informationUnderstanding the SACN Report on Carbohydrates & Health
Understanding the SACN Report on Carbohydrates & Health FDIN, London, From a Dietary Fibre Perspective Wim Caers Director Regulatory & Government Affairs Conclusions Recognise the huge body of work: 384
More informationDiet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.How does it vary over the lifespan? 3.What is the evidence that diet
More informationLatest research on fibre and gut health
Latest research on fibre and gut health Kevin Whelan PhD Professor of Dietetics King s College London @ProfWhelan Problem #1: Evolving definitions 1970 s Dietary fibre Plant polysaccharides and lignin
More informationSELECTION OF THE PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA STIMULATED BY FRUCTANS IN THE PRESENCE OF CALCIUM
POLISH JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCES Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2003, Vol. 12/53, SI 2, pp. 64-68 SELECTION OF THE PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA STIMULATED BY FRUCTANS IN THE PRESENCE
More informationMicrobiome GI Disorders
Microbiome GI Disorders Prof. Ram Dickman Neurogastroenterology Unit Rabin Medical Center Israel 1 Key Points Our gut microbiota Were to find them? Symbiosis or Why do we need them? Dysbiosis or when things
More informationThe prebiotic potential of Australian honeys. Nural Cokcetin, Shona Blair & Patricia Conway The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
The prebiotic potential of Australian honeys Nural Cokcetin, Shona Blair & Patricia Conway The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia Introduction Gut bacteria significantly impacts host health
More informationThe role of gut microbiome in IBS
The role of gut microbiome in IBS Chung Owyang, MD H. Marvin Pollard Professor of Internal Medicine Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology Chief, Division of Gastroenterology Director, Pollard
More informationModulating the gut microbiota for better health. SP4 Klaudyna Borewicz 30/11/2017
Modulating the gut microbiota for better health SP4 Klaudyna Borewicz 30/11/2017 Our own important Micro-cosm We are covered with microbes inside and out Microbiota research is exciting, important and
More informationHUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA Patrizia Brigidi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy patrizia.brigididi@unibo.it The Gut-Liver axis: a bidirectional relation in health and disease
More informationBringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute
Bringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute Jennifer T. Smilowitz, PhD Associate Director, Human Studies Research jensm@ucdavis.edu
More informationQ What are Probiotics?
Q What are Probiotics? The word PROBIOTIC was originated from Latin and means For Life. Probiotics are good bacteria usually found in food products or supplements which play very important roles in regulating
More informationFIBOFIT IS Water soluble fiber
FIBOFIT IS Water soluble fiber Table of nutritional value Per Serving 8 g (1Sachet) 100 g %W/W Wheat Dextrin 8g 100 g 100 % Energy 0.096 kcal Fats & Its Derinatives 0.008 g 0.1 g Protein 0.008 g 0.1 g
More informationEFFECTS OF ALETA IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA: IN VITRO STUDY
2 Senoko Drive 758 200 Singapore tel: +65.6755.633 www.kemin.com EFFECTS OF ALETA IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA: IN VITRO STUDY Lakshmibai Vasanthakumari Bindhu. Ph.D Abstract: It is well
More information7/30/2018. Nutricia North America 1. Learning Objectives
Probiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Professor and Department Head Department of
More informationFaecalibacterium prausnitzii
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients PNAS 105(43): 16731-16736, 2008. Speaker: Ming-Cheng Chen Advisor:
More informationDiet, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and health
Diet, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and health Hannah D. Holscher, PhD, RD Assistant Professor of Nutrition Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Division of Nutritional Sciences University
More informationThe Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis The Research Institute, Nationwide Children s Hospital Department
More informationResistant Starch A Comparative Nutrition Review. James M. Lattimer Ph.D., PAS Assistant Professor Animal Sciences & Industry
Resistant Starch A Comparative Nutrition Review James M. Lattimer Ph.D., PAS Assistant Professor Animal Sciences & Industry Personal Background Education B.S. Kansas State University Animal Sciences &
More informationTEST PATIENT. Date of Birth : 12-Jan-1999 Sex : M Collected : 25-Oct TEST DRIVE. Lab id :
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
More informationWhat is the evidence that dietary components can act on the microbiome and influence health?
What is the evidence that dietary components can act on the microbiome and influence health? Kristin Verbeke Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Diet? health
More informationNutrition and IBD. IBD Talk. Presented by. Hannah Price, paediatric dietitian at RHH. Lauren Farquhar, adult dietitian at RHH
Nutrition and IBD IBD Talk Presented by Hannah Price, paediatric dietitian at RHH Hannah.price@ths.tas.gov.au Lauren Farquhar, adult dietitian at RHH Lauren.farquhar@ths.tas.gov.au Microbiota and IBD The
More informationDiet, intestinal microbial communities and host health
Diet, intestinal microbial communities and host health Alan Walker Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen 8/9/15 The human intestinal microbiota Human large intestine hosts an
More informationLaboratory report. Test: Leaky gut test. Sample material: stool. John Doe Main St 1 Anytown
1 / 5 Verisana LAB John Doe Main St 1 Anytown Surname, First name Doe, John DOB 02/13/1980 Sex male Laboratory # 20020181 Date collected 01/25/2018 Date received 02/01/2018 Report date 02/13/2018 Laboratory
More informationFODMAPs: Major role in food sensitivities
: Major role in food sensitivities Jessica Biesiekierski Post-doctoral Research Fellow Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven, Belgium Role of food in GI symptoms? Abdominal
More informationBacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: Rare. Rare. Positive. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: 3.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 1.2 0.2-3.3 mg/g 2.2 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 1.1 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.1 0.2-3.5 mg/g Rare 1.0 0.2-8.8 mg/g Rare 4.4 2.6-32.4 mg/g 64.6 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
More informationIn vitro and in vivo fermentation behaviour of prebiotic carbohydrates
Nov 30th, 2017 Zwolle In vitro and in vivo fermentation behaviour of prebiotic carbohydrates Fangjie Gu & Henk Schols Laboratory of Food Chemistry Introducing prebiotic fibres Resistant to human GI digestion
More informationISAPP, London UK June 26-28, 28, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana. Introduction
Prebiotics in Companion Animals ISAPP, London UK June 2628, 28, 2007 Dr. David C. Hernot and Dr. George C. Fahey, Jr. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 1 In dogs and cats Introduction
More informationCOMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
More information1. Digestion of foods and absorption of nutrients takes place in stomach and small bowel in only 2-3 h.
1. Digestion of foods and absorption of nutrients takes place in stomach and small bowel in only 2-3 h. 2. The waste is then stored for 2 days in the large bowel. 3. Do modern humans need a large bowel?
More informationBUTYRATE PRODUCING BACTERIA AS PROBIOTIC TREATMENT IN IBD
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON IBD RESEARCH FUNDED BY PATIENTS' ORGANISATIONS BUTYRATE PRODUCING BACTERIA AS PROBIOTIC TREATMENT IN IBD Annelies Geirnaert Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET),
More informationBiacid: A EU approved natural growth promoter for Broilers
Biacid is a blend of calcium salts of organic acids and essential oils. Through the optimal combination of calcium salts of organic acids and essential oils, it enhances broiler microflora within the gut
More informationManipulating the gut microbiome
Manipulating the gut microbiome William DePaolo, PhD Associate Professor Medicine Director Center for Microbiome Sciences & Therapeutics University of Washington Microbiota The actual bugs that reside
More information4/17/2019 DISCLOSURES OBJECTIVES GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW. Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services. There are no disclosures
GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services DISCLOSURES There are no disclosures OBJECTIVES Definitions: GI microbiota, GI microbiome, probiotic, prebiotic
More informationPage: 1 of 7. Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis
Page: 1 of 7 Last Review Status/Date: June 2015 Description Intestinal dysbiosis may be defined as a state of disordered microbial ecology that is believed to cause disease, including conditions such as
More informationCarbs: The Staff of Life, or The Stuff of Death? Ed Cox, M.D.
Carbs: The Staff of Life, or The Stuff of Death? Ed Cox, M.D. Pyramid, or Paleo? Carbs defined Carbohydrates (abbrev. CHO) = saccharides Saccharide from Greek for sugar Compounds of carbon, oxygen and
More informationWhat is Dietary Fibre?
Fibre What is Dietary Fibre? Non digestible part of plant foods Consists of one or more of edible CHO polymers and synthetic CHO polymers Types of Dietary Fiber There are many different types of fiber,
More informationA gut health approach to metabolic health.
Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences A gut health approach to metabolic health. Dr Jane Muir Head of Translational Nutrition Science Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School RAPIDLY CONVERGING
More informationChicory fibre, the root of digestive health. Hélène Alexiou Senior Manager Nutrition Communication BENEO Institute
Chicory fibre, the root of digestive health Hélène Alexiou Senior Manager Nutrition Communication BENEO Institute Natural solutions are top of mind to look after digestive health Q: What do you currently
More informationThe Roadmap to FODMAP
The Roadmap to FODMAP Food Intolerance and Sugar Malabsorption in Chronic Abdominal Pain Food The Good the Bad and the Ugly April 2017 Pediatrics Disclosure I have the following financial relationships
More informationIntestinal microbiota opportunities and scientific challenges. Prof. V. Delcenserie Food Science Department Veterinary Medicine Faculty
Intestinal microbiota opportunities and scientific challenges Prof. V. Delcenserie Food Science Department Veterinary Medicine Faculty 2 3 Plan Introduction What is intestinal microbiota? What is its function?
More informationROLE OF THE GUT BACTERIA
ROLE OF THE GUT BACTERIA Our Good Bacteria In a perfect world, we would all have a proper ratio of good bacteria And what could this proper ratio do for us? The knowledge of the connections between our
More informationIssue 3, September usio
Issue 3, September 2014 usio 1 Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota Research Update IMPROVEMENT IN INTESTINAL HEALTH 1. A probiotic fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota improves
More informationThe two different types of fibers are soluble and insoluble fibers
FIBER FACTS Fiber is the indigestible remnants of plant cells found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and beans, act through the digestive tract. It cannot be digested by enzymes present
More information