Jacobo Kirsch Ivan Buitrago Tan-Lucien H. Mohammed Tianming Gao Craig R. Asher Gian M. Novaro
|
|
- Shon Edwards
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DOI /s ORIGINAL PAPER Detection of coronary calcium during standard chest computed tomography correlates with multi-detector computed tomography coronary artery calcium score Jacobo Kirsch Ivan Buitrago Tan-Lucien H. Mohammed Tianming Gao Craig R. Asher Gian M. Novaro Received: 12 March 2011 / Accepted: 15 July 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, B.V Abstract The correlation between formal coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) determined by multidetector CT (MDCT) and the presence of coronary calcium on standard non-gated CT chest examinations was evaluated. In 163 consecutive healthy participants, we performed screening same-day standard non-gated, non-enhanced CT chest exams followed by high-resolution, ECG-synchronized MDCT exams for CACS. For the standard CT examinations, a scoring system (Weston score, range 0 12) was developed assigning a score (0 3) for each coronary vessel including the left main trunk. Overall, 30% and 39% of patients had CAC on standard CT and MDCT exams, respectively (P = 0.13). CAC on J. Kirsch (&) Division of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL 33331, USA kirschj@ccf.org I. Buitrago Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA T.-L. H. Mohammed Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA T. Gao Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA C. R. Asher G. M. Novaro Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA standard CT was highly correlated to the Agatston CACS on the MDCT (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.83, P \ 0.001). Absence of calcium on the standard CT exam was associated with a very low CACS (mean Agatston 0.5, range 0 19). A Weston score[2 identified acacs[ 100 with an area under the curve of 0.976, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 85%. A Weston score[7 identified a CACS [ 400 with an area under the curve of 0.991, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 98%. The intra-observer variability was low as was the interobserver variability between a cardiac specialized radiologist and a non-specialized reader. A visual coronary artery scoring system on standard, non-gated CT correlates well with traditional methods for CACS. Further, a non-expert cardiac radiologist performed equally well to a cardiac expert. This information suggests that a visual scoring system, at least in a descriptive manner can be utilized for a general statement about coronary artery calcification seen on standard CT imaging to guide clinicians in risk stratification. Keywords Coronary artery disease Computed tomography Risk assessment Coronary calcification Introduction Risk stratification is the cornerstone of preventive cardiology. Traditionally, a clinical risk model such
2 as the Framingham risk score has been utilized to stratify risk (low, intermediate or high) and thus determine the aggressiveness of management [1]. Various laboratory tests and imaging modalities have been studied in attempt to improve standard risk estimation. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring (CACS) has been demonstrated, with the support of large prospective studies to add incremental prognostic information to predict cardiovascular events relative to clinical risk models [2 6]. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association consensus statement regarding CACS supports the use of CACS in selected, asymptomatic, intermediate-risk patients [7 9]. However, widespread utilization of CACS has not occurred due to concerns related to radiation exposure, cost and the potential for unjustified further testing [10, 11]. Furthermore, there is little evidence to validate outcomes of asymptomatic patients treated for abnormal CACS. As a result of these unresolved issues, most health insurance plans in the United States do not cover CACS and therefore testing is not commonly done. With a rapidly growing utilization of standard chest computed tomography (CT) for innumerable reasons, radiologists have recognized that calcium can be readily seen in most vascular structures including the coronary arteries. The significance of coronary calcium seen during these examinations is not well-established. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the correlation between CACS determined by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and the presence of calcium on standard non-enhanced, non-gated CT examinations of the chest using a visual scoring method (Weston score). Secondly, we assessed the accuracy of a cardiac trained radiologist (expert reader) and a non-cardiac radiologist for determining CACS. Patients and methods Patients In accordance with the policies set by our internal institutional review board, we performed a retrospective review of the charts of patients consecutively referred for total body CT examinations from July 2008 to December 2009 as part of the Executive Health Program at our institution. Patients with prior thoracic surgery (cardiac or non-cardiac) and/or with pacemaker or defibrillator wires were excluded from the study to avoid obscuration of the coronary arteries from the associated streak artifact. Information on patient demographics and clinical conditions was collected, and is shown in Table 1. CT examinations Patients underwent screening same-day standard nongated, non-enhanced CT examinations of the chest immediately followed by high-resolution, ECG-synchronized MDCT examinations for CACS. All studies were conducted on either a 16-slice or 64-slice MDCT system (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). The technical parameters of the acquisition for both the standard non-gated, non-enhanced CT of the chest and the native sequence for CACS are outlined in Table 2. All reconstructions were transferred to a PC-based workstation (Syngo CaScoring, Wizard; Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) for quantification of coronary calcifications. The values of the marginal and diagonal branches were excluded in the analysis. Coronary artery calcifications were defined as more than 2 adjacent pixels with absorption values of more than 130 HU, and quantitative CAC was calculated Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics based on Weston score Characteristic Total cohort (n = 163) CAC present (n = 49) CAC absent (n = 114) P Value Age (years) 51 ± 9 57 ± 8 48 ± 8 \0.001 Men 127 (78%) 42 (86%) 85 (75%) 0.12 Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) 27 ± 4 28 ± 4 27 ± Hypertension 21 (13%) 8 (16%) 13 (11%) 0.39 Hypercholesterolemia 91 (56%) 34 (69%) 57 (50%) 0.03 Diabetes mellitus 3 (2%) 2 (4%) 1 (1%) 0.22 Current smoker 44 (27%) 11 (23%) 33 (29%) 0.39
3 Table 2 CT acquisition parameters Standard chest CT Coronary calcification 16-row 64-row 16-row 64-row Scan type Spiral Spiral Spiral Spiral Rotation time (ms) Collimation kvp Reference mas CARE dose 4D ON ON OFF OFF Recon kernel B40f B40f B35 B35 Slice thickness (mm) Recon increments (mm) FOV (mm) by the Agatston method [12]. A CT technologist with cardiac imaging training (6 years experience) performed all studies. The standard CT examinations were analyzed visually using mediastinum soft tissue window settings (WW 400, WL 40). A scoring system (Weston score) was developed assigning a score for each major coronary vessel (the left main trunk, left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery, right coronary artery), as follows: 0 no visually detected calcium; 1 if only a single high density pixel was detected; 3 if the calcium was dense enough to create blooming artifact; and 2 for calcium in between 1 and 3 (Fig. 1). The Weston score was calculated by the sum of the score for each vessel (range 0 12). In addition to the evaluation of all the cases by observer 1 (4 years of cardiac imaging experience), a random sample of 95 CT scans were reviewed independently by a second observer (9 years of thoracic imaging experience). For measurement of intra-observer variability, observer 1 performed a second reading of 93 cases 1 month apart. The order of the cases reviewed differed between the 2 sessions. During the study, both observers were blinded to the results of the calcium score examinations and the patients demographic and clinical data. Statistical analysis Baseline patient characteristics were compared between CAC present and CAC absent group based on the standard CT examinations. For continuous outcomes, student t test was used. For categorical outcomes, Chi-square or Fisher s exact test was used. Results of CT exams were also compared between CAC present and absent group; Fisher s exact test or Chi-square test was used to calculate the P-values. The Agatston calcium score and the Weston score for each coronary vessel and their sum were compared. Correlation of the scores between the two types of exams was measured using the Pearson correlation test and the nonparametric Spearman s correlation test. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. The inter-observer and intra-observer reliability for Weston score measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and concordance correlation coefficient, considering values [0.75 to represent excellent agreement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for total CACS at cutoffs of 100 and 400. The optimal cutoff point of the Weston score to predict a calcium score greater than 100 and 400 was identified from the ROC analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were chosen at the optimum cutoff point. Additionally, baseline patient demographics and clinical data shown in Table 1 were added to the ROC prediction model, and tested if such addition improved the discrimination. All statistics analysis was conducted in SAS 9.2 (Cary, NC). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL.
4 Fig. 1 Axial standard CT of the chest images (a, c, and e) paired with their corresponding images from the ECG-gated CT of the heart (b, d, and f, respectively). Images a and b are from a 62-year-old male with a total calcium score of 5.1 and show a punctate fossae of increased attenuation at the mid right coronary artery graded as a Weston score of 1. Images c and d are from a 52-yearold male with a total calcium score of and show scattered (nonblooming) calcified plaque involving the proximal left anterior descending artery graded as a Weston score of 2. Images e and f are from a 57-year-old male with a total calcium score of 94.5 and show foci of blooming calcified plaque at the mid left anterior descending artery graded as a Weston score of 3 Results There were 127 men (mean ± SD age, 51 ± 9 years; range, years) and 36 women (51 ± 9 years; years) in the study. The baseline patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. All patients were asymptomatic as stipulated in the Executive Health Program protocol; 65% of patients had at
5 Fig. 2 Total coronary artery calcium by Agatston score plotted against the Weston score (Pearson s correlation coefficient 0.81, P \ 0.001; nonparametric Spearman s coefficient 0.83, P \ 0.001) least one cardiovascular risk factor other than sex and age. Total Agatston CACS was plotted against the Weston score (Fig. 2). The Pearson s correlation coefficient between total CACS and the Weston score was 0.81 (P \ 0.001) whereas the nonparametric Spearman s coefficient was 0.83 (P \ 0.001). The distribution of total CACS as assessed by the Weston score at each level is shown in Table 3. The distribution of patients by total Agatston CACS is as follows: (n = 46), (n = 13),[400 (n = 4). Overall, 30% (n = 49/163) and 39% (n = 63/163) of patients had CAC on standard CT and MDCT exams, respectively (P = 0.13). Absence of calcium on the standard CT exam was associated with a very low CACS (mean Agatston score 0.5, range 0 19). In general, mean total calcium score increased with increasing Weston score. Coronary calcium scores were compared per-vessel between MDCT and the Weston score. Using the Spearman correlation coefficient, the correlations with the Weston score were as follows: left main trunk = 0.35 (P \ 0.001); left anterior descending = 0.82 (P \ 0.001); left circumflex = 0.55 (P \ 0.001); and right coronary artery = 0.62 (P \ 0.001). Figure 3 shows the ROC curve for patients with a total calcium score [100. The area under the curve (the concordance index) was The best cutoff point to predict a calcium score [100 or not was when the predicted probability of a total score [100 was 0.07, which corresponded to a Weston score of 2. This cutoff point predicted a CACS [ 100 with 100% sensitivity (17/17), 85% specificity (124/146), 44% positive predictive value (17/39), and 100% negative predictive value (124/124). Mean CACS of patients with a Weston score \ versus C 2 was 1.0 ± 4.0 versus ± (P \ 0.001). Figure 4 shows the ROC curve for patients with a total calcium score [400. The area under the curve (the concordance index) was The best cutoff point to predict a calcium score [400 or not was Table 3 Summary of total coronary artery calcium scores by each Weston score Weston score N Coronary artery calcium scores Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± , , ,170.8 Fig. 3 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis reveals a cutoff Weston score of 2 to predict a total CACS [ 100. The area under the curve (AUC) was
6 Fig. 4 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis reveals a cutoff Weston score of 7 to predict a total CACS [ 400. The area under the curve (AUC) was when the predicted probability of a total score [400 was 0.17, which corresponded to Weston score of 7. This cutoff point predicted a CACS [ 400 with 100% sensitivity (4/4), 98% specificity (156/159), 57% positive predictive value (4/7), and 100% negative predictive value (156/156). Mean CACS of patients with a Weston score \ versus C 7 was 15.4 ± 39.5 versus ± (P \ 0.001). For both ROC analyses, the baseline characteristics were added as additional predictors to the model. Then, the area under the ROC curves was compared before and after the added predictors; none of the baseline variables significantly improved the area under the ROC curve. Two observers rated 95 samples, with each of them observing Weston scores on all 95 samples. The inter-observer reliability was very good with an interobserver correlation coefficient of Also one observer rated 93 samples at two time points on each sample. The intra-observer reliability was very good with an intra-observer correlation coefficient of and a concordance correlation coefficient of Discussion The primary finding of this study is that a visual coronary artery scoring system (Weston score) on standard, non-gated CT correlates well with traditional methods for CACS. This correlation remains strong for total and per-vessel scoring. A Weston score of 2 was associated with a CACS [ 100 and a Weston score of 7 associated with a CACS [ 400. The addition of baseline clinical variables did not improve the discrimination of the Weston score to predict the level of CACS. Furthermore, per vessel correlation of CAC was good, although weakest for the left main trunk. A secondary finding of this study is that the intra-observer reliability was high as was the inter-observer reliability between a cardiac specialized radiologist and a non-specialized reader. The Framingham risk model remains the standard tool for predicting the likelihood of a cardiac event in asymptomatic individuals. It allows clinicians to determine the need for medical therapies (e.g. aspirin, statin) and whether further testing is justified (e.g. stress testing). However, risk prediction with the Framingham or other clinical scores remains inaccurate in many patients and efforts are ongoing to improve estimation of events. CACS has emerged as an additive prognostic indicator of myocardial infarction and cardiac death in intermediate risk patients. Its wide-spread utilization has been tempered by concerns over safety related to radiation exposure, cost and the possibility of further overutilization of testing. Furthermore, there are still no prospective studies to prove that the detection and management of subclinical disease affects outcomes. Nonetheless, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association writing group in 2007 considered CACS in intermediate-risk patients to be reasonable since it may reclassify patients into a high risk category and modify treatment [9]. Standard chest CT is increasingly utilized for numerous reasons, particularly in the emergency room setting. With the growing recognition of the clinical importance of coronary and vascular calcification, radiologists are more commonly reporting on the presence of any such calcification. Concomitantly, several investigations have sought to determine the significance of CAC on standard, non-gated CT of the chest. Wu et al. showed that low-dose ungated MDCT for lung cancer screening was reliable for determining the presence of CAC. In their study of 483 subjects, risk stratification by Agatston scoring was highly concordant with low-dose un-gated MDCT and dedicated regular-dose ECG-gated
7 MDCT. However, in their study they analyzed both the gated and un-gated studies using calcium scoring dedicated software [13]. To our knowledge, only 3 other studies have attempted to visually quantify the amount of CAC on un-gated CT exams of the chest. In 2 studies by Shemesh et al., the authors showed that CACS can be generated from an un-gated low-dose CT scan, and may provide prognostic information in regards to cardiovascular death. They developed an ordinal scoring system based on the length of the artery involved as absent, mild, moderate, and severe. In a small subgroup of their population (16 patients), they also found an excellent correlation (r = 0.84, P \ ) between their ordinal scores and the Agatston scores [14]. The visually assessed CACS was found to be a significant predictor of cardiovascular death, independent of age, gender, and history of tobacco use [15]. A study recently published by Einstein et al. showed that CACS can be visually assessed from low-dose CT scans (used for attenuation correction during cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography/ct myocardial perfusion imaging) with high agreement with standard Agatston scores. In this study, experienced readers assigned visually the degree of coronary calcification using a scale of scores. The study also showed a high degree of inter-observer reproducibility of the visually obtained scores, with readers reporting identical scores in 65% of cases and scores within 1 category of each other in 93% of cases [16]. However, it should be noted that in this study and the other similar studies, the readers were dedicated experienced cardiac imagers, whereas in our study one of the observers was not a dedicated cardiac radiologist. Study limitations The present study has several limitations worth discussing. First, our population was predominantly a low-risk cohort, and therefore the spectrum of patients with higher CAC scores is under-represented. A second potential limitation involves imaging processing. The post-processing algorithm used to create the standard CT images of the chest may vary between scanners and/or institutions as some centers are using thinner than 5 mm slice thickness and sharper kernel algorithms which may influence the visual assessment proposed in this study. The per vessel correlation of CACS was good though weakest for the left main trunk. This may be attributable to difficulties discerning the length and bifurcation of the left main trunk on non-contrast images such that calcification may have been scored in the left anterior descending or circumflex vessel. In conclusion, our data support the feasibility of CACS during standard CT imaging of the chest. With the increasing utilization of chest CT examinations, we believe that a visual assessment of CAC at least in a descriptive fashion should become a customary addition to the interpretation of standard CT scans. Although the impact of early detection of subclinical CAC remains uncertain, the clinician is provided with additive information regarding risk stratification that may aid in determining aggressiveness of care. Conflict of interest References None. 1. Wilson PW, D Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB (1998) Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 97: Budoff MJ, Gul KM (2008) Expert review on coronary calcium. Vasc Health Risk Manag 4: Raggi P, Gongora MC, Gopal A, Callister TQ, Budoff M, Shaw LJ (2008) Coronary artery calcium to predict allcause mortality in elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: Budoff MJ, Shaw LJ, Liu ST, Weinstein SR, Mosler TP, Tseng PH, Flores FR, Callister TQ, Raggi P, Berman DS (2007) Long-term prognosis associated with coronary calcification: observations from a registry of 25, 253 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC (2004) Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 291: Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE, Burke G, Folsom AR, Liu K, Shea S, Szklo M, Bluemke DA, O Leary DH, Tracy R, Watson K, Wong ND, Kronmal RA (2008) Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups. N Engl J Med 358: Johnson KM, Dowe DA (2010) The detection of any coronary calcium outperforms Framingham risk score as a first step in screening for coronary atherosclerosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 194: Elias-Smale SE, Proença RV, Koller MT, Kavousi M, van Rooij FJ, Hunink MG, Steyerberg EW, Hofman A, Oudkerk M, Witteman JC (2010) Coronary calcium score
8 improves classification of coronary heart disease risk in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. J Am Coll Cardiol 56: Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, Budoff MJ, Eisenberg MJ, Grundy SM, Lauer MS, Post WS, Raggi P, Redberg RF, Rodgers GP, Shaw LJ, Taylor AJ, Weintraub WS; American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography); Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention; Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (2007) ACCF/ AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA writing committee to update the 2000 expert consensus document on electron beam computed tomography) developed in collaboration with the society of atherosclerosis imaging and prevention and the society of cardiovascular computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: Kim KP, Einstein AJ, Berrington de Gonzalez A (2009) Coronary artery calcification screening: estimated radiation dose and cancer risk. Arch Intern Med 169: Shaw LJ, Min JK, Budoff M, Gransar H, Rozanski A, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Miranda R, Wong ND, Berman DS (2009) Induced cardiovascular procedural costs and resource consumption patterns after coronary artery calcium screening: results from the EISNER (early identification of subclinical atherosclerosis by noninvasive imaging research) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 54: Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R (1990) Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: Wu MT, Yang P, Huang YL, Chen JS, Chuo CC, Yeh C, Chang RS (2008) Coronary arterial calcification on lowdose ungated MDCT for lung cancer screening: concordance study with dedicated cardiac CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190: Shemesh J, Henschke CI, Farooqi A, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Shaham D, Miettinen OS (2006) Frequency of coronary artery calcification on low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer. Clin Imaging 30: Shemesh J, Henschke CI, Shaham D, Yip R, Farooqi AO, Cham MD, McCauley DI, Chen M, Smith JP, Libby DM, Pasmantier MW, Yankelevitz DF (2010) Ordinal scoring of coronary artery calcifications on low-dose CT scans of the chest is predictive of death from cardiovascular disease. Radiology 257: Einstein AJ, Johnson LL, Bokhari S, Son J, Thompson RC, Bateman TM, Hayes SW, Berman DS (2010) Agreement of visual estimation of coronary artery calcium from lowdose CT attenuation correction scans in hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT with standard Agatston score. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:
Coronary Artery Calcium to Predict All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Men and Women
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 52, No. 1, 28 28 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 735-197/8/$34. Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:1.116/j.jacc.28.4.4 CLINICAL RESEARCH
More informationCoronary Artery Calcification
Coronary Artery Calcification Julianna M. Czum, MD OBJECTIVES CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION Julianna M. Czum, MD Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center 1. To review the clinical significance of coronary heart
More informationM Marwan, D Ropers, T Pflederer, W G Daniel, S Achenbach
Department of Cardiology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Correspondence to: Dr M Marwan, Innere Medizin II, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; mohamed.marwan@ uk-erlangen.de Accepted 17 November
More informationPage 2 of 16
CACS and CAD in healthy subjects, uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients, type 2 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and type 2 diabetic subjects with Charcot osteoarthropthy: the prognostic cardiovascular
More informationFinancial Disclosures. Coronary Artery Calcification. Objectives. Coronary Artery Calcium 6/6/2018. Heart Disease Statistics At-a-Glace 2017
Coronary Artery Calcification Dharmendra A. Patel, MD MPH Director, Echocardiography Laboratory Associate Program Director Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship Program Erlanger Heart and Lung Institute UT
More informationDiagnostic and Prognostic Value of Coronary Ca Score
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Coronary Ca Score Dr. Ghormallah Alzahrani Cardiac imaging division, Adult Cardiology department Prince Sultan Cardiac Center ( PSCC) Madina, June 2 Coronary Calcium
More informationAortic Root Calcification: A Possible Imaging Biomarker of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Published online: January 8, 216 216 S. Karger AG, Basel 2235 8676/16/34 167$39.5/ Mini-Review Aortic Root Calcification: A Possible Imaging Biomarker of Coronary Hussein Nafakhi a Hasan A. Al-Nafakh b
More informationAssociation of Coronary Artery Calcification and Mortality in the National Lung Screening Trial: A Comparison of Three Scoring Methods 1
Note: This copy is for your personal non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues or clients, contact us at www.rsna.org/rsnarights. Original Research
More informationCoronary Calcium Predicts Events Better With Absolute Calcium Scores Than Age-Sex-Race/Ethnicity Percentiles
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 53, No. 4, 2009 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/09/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.072
More informationElectron Beam CT versus 16-slice Spiral CT: How Accurately Can We Measure. Coronary Artery Calcium Volume?
Electron Beam CT versus 16-slice Spiral CT: How Accurately Can We Measure Coronary Artery Calcium Volume? 1 Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate how accurately we can measure CAC volume
More informationComputed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification. Original Policy Date
MP 6.01.02 Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification Medical Policy Section Radiology Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with literature search/12:2013
More informationCalcium scoring Clinical and prognostic value
Calcium scoring Clinical and prognostic value Matthijs Oudkerk Professor and Chair of Radiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands Sofia 2011 13 May
More informationDisclosures CORONARY CALCIUM SCORING REVISITED. Learning Objectives. Scoring Methods. Consultant for M2S, Inc. Coronary Calcium Scoring: Software
CORONARY CALCIUM SCORING REVISITED Disclosures Consultant for M2S, Inc. Julianna M. Czum, MD Director, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging Department of Radiology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Assistant
More informationA head-to-head comparison of the coronary calcium score by computed tomography with myocardial perfusion imaging in predicting coronary artery disease
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology (2012) 9: 349 354 2012 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com Research Articles Open Access A head-to-head comparison of the coronary calcium score by computed tomography
More informationMedical Policy Electron Beam CT for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
Effective Date: May 3, 2017 Medical Policy Electron Beam CT for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Subject: Electron Beam Computed Tomography for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Background: Electron
More informationMPS and Calcium Score in asymptomatic patient F. Mut, J. Vitola
MPS and Calcium Score in asymptomatic patient F. Mut, J. Vitola Nuclear Medicine Service, Asociacion Española Montevideo, Uruguay Quanta Diagnostico Nuclear Curitiba, Brazil Clinical history Male 63 y.o.,
More informationCoronary Calcium Screening Using Low-Dose Lung Cancer Screening: Effectiveness of MDCT with Retrospective Reconstruction
Cardiac Imaging Original Research Kim et al. Coronary Calcium Screening Using Lung Cancer Screening Cardiac Imaging Original Research Sung Mok Kim 1 Myung Jin Chung 1 Kyung Soo Lee 1 Yeon Hyun Choe 1 Chin
More informationCoronary Artery Imaging. Suvipaporn Siripornpitak, MD Inter-hospital Conference : Rajavithi Hospital
Coronary Artery Imaging Suvipaporn Siripornpitak, MD Inter-hospital Conference : Rajavithi Hospital Larger array : cover scan area Detector size : spatial resolution Rotation speed : scan time Retrospective
More informationMedical Policy An Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification Page 1 of 9 Medical Policy An Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association Title: See also: Computed Tomography (CT) to
More informationEffective for dates of service on or after April 1, 2013, refer to:
Effective for dates of service on or after April 1, 2013, refer to: https://www.bcbsal.org/providers/policies/carecore.cfm Name of Policy: Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification Policy
More informationComparative Value of Coronary Artery Calcium and Multiple Blood Biomarkers for Prognostication of Cardiovascular Events
Comparative Value of Coronary Artery Calcium and Multiple Blood Biomarkers for Prognostication of Cardiovascular Events Jamal S. Rana, MD a,b, Heidi Gransar, MS a, Nathan D. Wong, PhD c, Leslee Shaw, PhD
More informationEuropean Journal of Radiology
European Journal of Radiology 82 (2013) e58 e63 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect European Journal of Radiology journa l h o me pa ge: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejrad Calcium score of small
More informationSection: Radiology Last Reviewed Date: December Policy No: 6 Effective Date: February 1, 2014
Medical Policy Manual Topic: Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification Date of Origin: January 1996 Section: Radiology Last Reviewed Date: December 2013 Policy No: 6 Effective Date: February
More informationRepeatability Limits for Measurement of Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque with Cardiac CT in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Cardiac Imaging Original Research Chung et al. CT of Coronary Artery Plaque Cardiac Imaging Original Research Hyoju Chung 1 Robyn L. McClelland 1 Ronit Katz 1 J. Jeffrey Carr 2 Matthew J. Budoff 3 Chung
More informationCoronary artery calcification in lung cancer screening
Review Article Coronary artery calcification in lung cancer screening James G. Ravenel, John W. Nance Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston,
More informationElectron-Beam Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium and Cardiac Events
Electron-Beam Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium and Cardiac Events A 37-Month Follow-Up of 5635 Initially Asymptomatic Low- to Intermediate- Adults George T. Kondos, MD; Julie Anne Hoff, PhD, RN; Alexander
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Coronary Artery Calcium Scores and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Women Classified as Low Risk Based on Framingham Risk Score The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
More informationLDL cholesterol (p = 0.40). However, higher levels of HDL cholesterol (> or =1.5 mmol/l [60 mg/dl]) were associated with less progression of CAC
Am J Cardiol (2004);94:729-32 Relation of degree of physical activity to coronary artery calcium score in asymptomatic individuals with multiple metabolic risk factors M. Y. Desai, et al. Ciccarone Preventive
More informationUsing Coronary Artery Calcium Score in the Quest for Cardiac Health. Robert J. Hage, D.O.
Using Coronary Artery Calcium Score in the Quest for Cardiac Health Robert J. Hage, D.O. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women. About 610,000 people die
More informationCLINICAL STUDY. Yasser Khalil, MD; Bertrand Mukete, MD; Michael J. Durkin, MD; June Coccia, MS, RVT; Martin E. Matsumura, MD
117 CLINICAL STUDY A Comparison of Assessment of Coronary Calcium vs Carotid Intima Media Thickness for Determination of Vascular Age and Adjustment of the Framingham Risk Score Yasser Khalil, MD; Bertrand
More informationThe Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Provide Independent and Complementary Prediction of Cardiac Risk
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 54, No. 20, 2009 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/09/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.071
More informationSetting The setting was the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The economic study was carried out in the USA.
Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors: mean three-year outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project
More informationCoronary Calcium as a Predictor of Coronary Events in Four Racial or Ethnic Groups
T h e n e w e ng l a nd j o u r na l o f m e dic i n e original article Coronary Calcium as a Predictor of Coronary Events in Four Racial or Ethnic Groups Robert Detrano, M.D., Ph.D., Alan D. Guerci, M.D.,
More informationCardiac CT - Coronary Calcium Basics Workshop II (Basic)
Cardiac CT - Coronary Calcium Basics Workshop II (Basic) J. Jeffrey Carr, MD, MSCE Dept. of Radiology & Public Health Sciences Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC USA No significant
More informationObjective Calcium score carotid IMT hs-crp
P3952 Role of coronary calcium score, carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein in predicting extent of coronary artery disease in young patients. Bedside Poster P3952 Role of coronary calcium
More informationCoronary Calcification Improves Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in the Elderly
Coronary Calcification Improves Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in the Elderly Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, PhD; Matthijs Oudkerk, MD, PhD; Albert Hofman, MD, PhD; Hok-Hay S. Oei, MD, PhD; Wim van Dijck, MSc;
More informationPrognostic Value of Cardiac Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Calcium Screening for All-Cause Mortality 1
Cardiac Imaging Radiology Leslee J. Shaw, PhD Paolo Raggi, MD Enrique Schisterman, PhD Daniel S. Berman, MD Tracy Q. Callister, MD Index terms: Computed tomography (CT), electron beam, 54.1211 Coronary
More informationMedical Policy. Medical Policy. MP Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification
Medical Policy Medical Policy MP 6.01.03 BCBSA Ref. Policy: 6.01.03 Last Review: 09/28/2017 Effective Date: 09/28/2017 Section: Medicine Related Policies 6.01.43 Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Angiography
More informationKhurram Nasir, MD MPH
Non-invasive CAD Screening Khurram Nasir, MD MPH Disclosures I have no relevant commercial relationships to disclose, and my presentation will not include off label or unapproved usage. HOW & WHAT WOULD
More informationACCF/AHA Expert Consensus Document
ACCF/AHA Expert Consensus Document ACCF/AHA 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring by Computed Tomography in Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and in Evaluation
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 49, No. 3, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /07/$32.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 49, No. 3, 2007 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/07/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.001
More informationKumar S, Sharma S. Department of Cardiac Radiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
REVIEW ARTICLE Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring by Cardiac CT as A Screening Tool in 40-45 Years Age Group Predictor of Future Risk for Cardiovascular Events- Systemic Review Kumar S, Sharma S Department
More informationCalcium scoring using 64-slice MDCT, dual source CT and EBT: a comparative phantom study
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging (2008) 24:547 556 DOI 10.1007/s10554-007-9282-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Calcium scoring using 64-slice MDCT, dual source CT and EBT: a comparative phantom study Jaap M. Groen Æ Marcel J.
More informationLesion-Specific Coronary Artery Calcium Quantification for Predicting Cardiac Event with Multiple Instance Support Vector Machines
Lesion-Specific Coronary Artery Calcium Quantification for Predicting Cardiac Event with Multiple Instance Support Vector Machines Qingshan Liu 1, Zhen Qian 2, Idean Marvasty 2, Sarah Rinehart 2, Szilard
More informationIs computed tomography angiography really useful in. of coronary artery disease?
Is computed tomography angiography really useful in screening patients with high risk of coronary artery disease? Myeong-Ki Hong, M.D. Ph D Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. Application of the Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education Task Force Recommendations to an Urban Population
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Application of the Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education Task Force Recommendations to an Urban Population Observations From the Dallas Heart Study Raphael See, MD;
More informationChapter 4. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Department of Radiology,
Chapter 4 Impact of Coronary Calcium Score on Diagnostic Accuracy of Multislice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Gabija Pundziute, 1,3 Joanne D. Schuijf,
More informationThe role of coronary artery calcium score on the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic diseases
The role of coronary artery calcium score on the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic diseases Eun-Jung Rhee Department of Endocrinology and Metabolis Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan
More informationCoronary artery calcium screening: implications for clinical practice
For reprint orders, please contact: reprints@futuremedicine.com REVIEW Coronary artery calcium screening: implications for clinical practice E Ferramosca, MD, A Bellasi, MD, Carlo Ratti, MD, Paolo Raggi,
More informationI have no financial disclosures
Manpreet Singh MD I have no financial disclosures Exercise Treadmill Bicycle Functional capacity assessment Well validated prognostic value Ischemic assessment ECG changes ST segments Arrhythmias Hemodynamic
More informationCoronary calcification detected by electron-beam computed tomography and myocardial infarction
European Heart Journal (2002) 23, 1596 1603 doi:10.1053/euhj.2002.3240, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Coronary calcification detected by electron-beam computed tomography and myocardial
More informationSummary. Cyprian Wolski, Arkadiusz Rotkiewicz, Piotr Grzelak, Marcin Elgalal, Ludomir Stefańczyk. Background
Signature: Pol J Radiol, 2011; 76(4): 15-20 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Received: 2010.11.24 Accepted: 2011.08.16 Comparison of tomographic coronary artery calcification index (calcium score) and ultrasonographic
More informationNew Paradigms in Predicting CVD Risk
New Paradigms in Predicting CVD Risk Imaging as an Integrator of Lifetime Risk Exposure Michael J. Blaha MD MPH Presented by: Michael J. Blaha September 24, 2014 1 Talk Outline Risk factors vs. Disease
More informationdoi: /
Yiting Xie ; Matthew D. Cham ; Claudia Henschke ; David Yankelevitz ; Anthony P. Reeves; Automated coronary artery calcification detection on low-dose chest CT images. Proc. SPIE 9035, Medical Imaging
More informationRole of Nonenhanced Multidetector CT Coronary Artery Calcium Testing in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Individuals 1
Note: This copy is for your personal non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues or clients, contact us at www.rsna.org/rsnarights. Role of Nonenhanced
More informationThe role of coronary artery calcium score on the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic diseases
The role of coronary artery calcium score on the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic diseases Eun-Jung Rhee Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan
More informationCombining Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning with SPECT/PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Combining Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning with SPECT/PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Daniel S. Berman, MD Director, Cardiac Imaging Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute Professor of Medicine and Imaging Cedars-Sinai
More informationDepartment of Cardiology, Grosshadern Clinic, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich, Germany. Department of Cardiology,
Eur Radiol (2002) 12:1532 1540 DOI 10.1007/s00330-002-1394-2 CARDIAC B. Ohnesorge T. Flohr R. Fischbach A. F. Kopp A. Knez S. Schröder U. J. Schöpf A. Crispin E. Klotz M. F. Reiser C. R. Becker Reproducibility
More informationAre We Ready for a Paradigm Shift From Risk Factors to Detection of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis? Lessons From MESA. Khurram Nasir, MD MPH
Are We Ready for a Paradigm Shift From Risk Factors to Detection of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis? Lessons From MESA Khurram Nasir, MD MPH Disclosures No disclosures. Burden of Cardiovascular Disease
More informationImprovement of Image Quality with ß-Blocker Premedication on ECG-Gated 16-MDCT Coronary Angiography
16-MDCT Coronary Angiography Shim et al. 16-MDCT Coronary Angiography Sung Shine Shim 1 Yookyung Kim Soo Mee Lim Received December 1, 2003; accepted after revision June 1, 2004. 1 All authors: Department
More informationFrequency and risk factors associated with atherosclerotic plaques in patients with a zero coronary artery calcium score
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 75 (2012) 10e15 Original Article Frequency and risk factors associated with atherosclerotic plaques in patients with
More informationCARDIAC IMAGING FOR SUBCLINICAL CAD
CARDIAC IMAGING FOR SUBCLINICAL CAD WHY DON'T YOU ADOPT MORE SMART TECHNIQUE? Whal Lee, M.D. Seoul National University Hospital Department of Radiology We are talking about Coronary artery Calcium scoring,
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Coronary Artery Calcification Compared With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
More informationMEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: CORONARY CALCIUM SCORING
MEDICAL POLICY PAGE: 1 OF: 5 If the member's subscriber contract excludes coverage for a specific service it is not covered under that contract. In such cases, medical policy criteria are not applied.
More informationAltered coronary artery calcium scores before bariatric surgery
Gadelha et al. SpringerPlus 2014, 3:199 a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Altered coronary artery calcium scores before bariatric surgery Patricia S Gadelha 1*, Josemberg M Campos 2, Fernando
More informationVascular calcification in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Dr Jamie Bellinge University of Western Australia Royal Perth Hospital
Vascular calcification in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Dr Jamie Bellinge University of Western Australia Royal Perth Hospital Risk of cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease; - Stroke - Coronary
More information15-Year prognostic utility of coronary artery calcium scoring for all-cause mortality in the elderly
15-Year prognostic utility of coronary artery calcium scoring for all-cause mortality in the elderly Bríain ó Hartaigh, Weill Cornell Medical College Valentina Valenti, Weill Cornell Medical College Iksung
More informationCoronary artery calcium (CAC) testing may be useful for
Epidemiology and Prevention Interpretation of the Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Combination With Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Mark J. Pletcher,
More informationQuantification of abdominal aortic calcification: inherent measurement errors in current computed tomography imaging
Quantification of abdominal aortic calcification: inherent measurement errors in current computed tomography imaging Clark Zeebregts Professor of Vascular Surgery University Medical Center Groningen Department
More informationSubclinical atherosclerosis in CVD: Risk stratification & management Raul Santos, MD
Subclinical atherosclerosis in CVD: Risk stratification & management Raul Santos, MD Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paolo, Brazil Subclinical atherosclerosis in CVD risk: Stratification & management Prof.
More informationThe Final 10-Year Follow-up Results from the Bari Randomized Trial J Am Coll Cardiol (2007) 49;1600-6
The Final 10-Year Follow-up Results from the Bari Randomized Trial J Am Coll Cardiol (2007) 49;1600-6 n&list_uids=17433949 64-Multislice Detector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography as Potential Alternative
More informationInterplay of Coronary Artery Calcification and Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Asymptomatic Individuals
Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcification and Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Asymptomatic Individuals Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH; Jonathan Rubin, MD; Michael J. Blaha,
More informationIncremental value of the CT. coronary calcium score for the prediction of coronary artery disease.
Incremental value of the CT coronary calcium score for the prediction of coronary artery disease The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you.
More informationPurpose. Methods and Materials
Comparison of iterative and filtered back-projection image reconstruction techniques: evaluation of heavily calcified vessels with coronary CT angiography Poster No.: C-1644 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Scientific
More informationFundamentals, Techniques, Pitfalls, and Limitations of MDCT Interpretation and Measurement
Fundamentals, Techniques, Pitfalls, and Limitations of MDCT Interpretation and Measurement 3 rd Annual Imaging & Physiology Summit November 20-21, 21, 2009 Seoul, Korea Wm. Guy Weigold, MD, FACC Cardiovascular
More informationRAMA-EGAT Risk Score for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Evaluated by 64- Slice CT Angiography
RAMA-EGAT Risk Score for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Evaluated by 64- Slice CT Angiography Supalerk Pattanaprichakul, MD 1, Sutipong Jongjirasiri, MD 2, Sukit Yamwong, MD 1, Jiraporn Laothammatas,
More informationKeywords Coronary artery calcium Coronary artery atherosclerosis Coronary risk assessment Coronary artery CT
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging (2008) 24:645 671 DOI 10.1007/s10554-008-9319-z ORIGINAL PAPER Coronary artery calcium screening: current status and recommendations from the European Society of Cardiac Radiology
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Calcification File Name: computed_tomography_to_detect_coronary_artery_calcification Origination: 3/1994 Last CAP Review 10/2017 Next
More informationScreening for Cardiovascular Risk (2/6/09)
Screening for Cardiovascular Risk (2/6/09) Andrew Nicolaides MS, FRCS, FRCSE, PhD (Hon) Emeritus Professor of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, UK Chairman, Cardiovascular Disease Educational
More informationAutomatic Classification of Calcification in the Coronary Vessel Tree
Automatic Classification of Calcification in the Coronary Vessel Tree R. Shahzad 1,2,3, L. J. van Vliet 2, W. J. Niessen 2,3, and T. van Walsum 3 1 Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology,
More informationa Division of Cardiology, b Division of Radiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center,
150 Original research Evaluation of the predictive value of coronary artery calcium score for obstructive coronary artery disease in asymptomatic Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Ki-Bum Won
More informationCopyright information:
Absence of Coronary Artery Calcium Identifies Asymptomatic Diabetic Individuals at Low Near-Term But Not Long-Term Risk of Mortality A 15-Year Follow-Up Study of 9715 Patients Valentina Valenti, NewYork-Presbyterian
More informationInduced Cardiovascular Procedural Costs and Resource Consumption Patterns After Coronary Artery Calcium Screening
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 54, No. 14, 2009 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/09/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.018
More informationMultidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in Coronary Surgery: First Experiences With a New Tool for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in Coronary Surgery: First Experiences With a New Tool for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Hendrik Treede, MD, Christoph Becker, MD, Hermann Reichenspurner,
More informationStudy of estimation of coronary artery calcium by multi-slice spiral CT scan in post myocardial infarction cases
International Journal of Advances in Medicine Gosavi RV et al. Int J Adv Med. 2017 Oct;4(5):1293-1298 http://www.ijmedicine.com pissn 2349-3925 eissn 2349-3933 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173730
More informationAssessment of Agatston Coronary Artery Calcium Score Using Contrast-Enhanced CT Coronary Angiography
Cardiopulmonary Imaging Original Research van der Bijl et al. Agatston and Coronary Angiography Cardiopulmonary Imaging Original Research Noortje van der Bijl 1 Raoul M. S. Joemai 1 Jacob Geleijns 1 Jeroen
More informationCT Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque. William Stanford MD Professor-Emeritus Radiology University of Iowa College of Medicine Iowa City, IA
CT Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque William Stanford MD Professor-Emeritus Radiology University of Iowa College of Medicine Iowa City, IA PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE In 2006 there were 80 million
More informationImaging. A Combined Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Study
Imaging Interrelation of Coronary Calcification, Myocardial Ischemia, and Outcomes in Patients With Intermediate Likelihood of Coronary Artery Disease A Combined Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
More informationCoronary Artery Calcification Scoring in Low-Dose Ungated CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Interscan Agreement
Cardiopulmonary Imaging Original Research Jacobs et al. Calcium Scoring and CT for Lung Cancer Cardiopulmonary Imaging Original Research Peter C. A. Jacobs 1,2 Ivana Isgum 3 Martijn J. A. Gondrie 1,2 Willem
More informationCardiac CT Angiography
Cardiac CT Angiography Dr James Chafey, Radiologist Why do we need a better test for C.A.D? 1. CAD is the leading cause of death in the US CAD 31% Cancer 23% Stroke 7% 2. The prevalence of atherosclerosis
More informationBENEFIT APPLICATION BLUECARD/NATIONAL ACCOUNT ISSUES
Medical Policy Medical Policy MP 6.01.03 BCBSA Ref. Policy: 6.01.03 Last Review: 09/19/2018 Effective Date: 09/19/2018 Section: Medicine Related Policies 9.01.502 Experimental / Investigational Services
More informationRenal Artery Calcification and Mortality Among Clinically Asymptomatic Adults
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 60, No. 12, 2012 2012 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.015
More informationAn alternative method for quantifying coronary artery calcification: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
Liang et al. BMC Medical Imaging 2012, 12:14 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access An alternative method for quantifying coronary artery calcification: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) C Jason Liang
More informationCoronary Artery Calcium Score
Coronary Artery Calcium Score August 19, 2014 by Axel F. Sigurdsson MD 174 Comments essential for living organisms. Calcium is a chemical element that is Most of the calcium within the human body is found
More informationCover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/43967 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Graaf, Michiel A. de Title: Computed tomography coronary angiography : from quantification
More informationCoronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease Absence of Coronary Artery Calcium Identifies Asymptomatic Diabetic Individuals at Low Near-Term But Not Long-Term Risk of Mortality A 15-Year Follow-Up Study of 9715 Patients Valentina
More informationVariability of Repeated Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring and Radiation. Dose on 64-slice and 16-slice CT by Prospective
Title Page: Variability of Repeated Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring and Radiation Dose on 64-slice and 16-slice CT by Prospective Electrocardiograph-triggered Axial and Retrospective Electrocardiograph-gated
More informationPediatric chest HRCT using the idose 4 Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm: Which idose level to choose?
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Pediatric chest HRCT using the idose 4 Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm: Which idose level to choose? To cite this article: M Smarda et
More informationMEDICAL POLICY. 02/15/18 CATEGORY: Technology Assessment
MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: CORONARY CALCIUM SCORING PAGE: 1 OF: 5 If a product excludes coverage for a service, it is not covered, and medical policy criteria do not apply. If a commercial product, including
More information