In Vitro Culture of Ovules and Embryos from Seedless Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
|
|
- Ashley Gilmore
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos from Seedless Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) P. Burger and P.. Goussard" 1) Nietvoorbij Researh Institute for Vitiulture and enology, Agriultural Researh Counil, Private Bag X026, 799 Stellenbosh, South Afria 2) Department of Vitiulture and enology, University of Stellenbosh, 7600 Stellenbosh, South Afria Submitted for publiation: May 1996 Aepted for publiation: tober 1996 Key words: Vitis vinifera, in vitro embryo ulture, ovule size, ovule age, plant growth regulators vules of stenospermoarpi seedless grapes were ultured under different onditions. The number of embryos was not signifiantly inreased when ovules of Musat Seedless were ultured on a medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators indole-- aeti aid and gibberelli aid ompared to the basal medium. No orrelation was found between the ovule size of Sultanina and the presene of embryos. Comparle perentages of embryos were found in small, medium and large ovules following weekly ulture from four to weeks after bloom. Varying results were obtained when ovules of four open-pollinated seedless ultivars were ultured on two basal media with or without ativated haroal. In all four ultivars the highest number of embryos was found at the later ulture date. With three ultivars the best results were obtained when ovules were ultured on the medium of Bouquet & Davis (1989), supplemented with ativated haroal. Isolated embryos of Musat Seedless and Sunred Seedless were ultured under various onditions and it was found that the sene of growth regulators resulted in the highest number of plantlets with normal leaves. Breeding new seedless tle grape ultivars has a high priority world-wide due to onsumer preferene. Conventional breeding tehniques limit the use of seedless ultivars to pollen parent only, resulting in a low perentage of seedless progeny. Development of embryo ulture tehniques, however, makes it possible to generate plants from the embryos of seedless plants and thus from seedless x seedless rosses. A muh higher frequeny of seedlessness is found in the progeny of suh rosses (Spiegel-Roy, Sahar & Baron, 1990). In stenospermoarpi ultivars a high number of the ovules possess normal embryo sas, fertilisation ours and embryos may develop (Pearson, 192; Barrit, 1970). Embryo development, however, is often arrested and normal seeds do not develop. By applying in vitro tehniques these embryos an be resued and allowed to develop into plants. Embryo ulture has been suessfully applied by a number of researhers, using various media and tehniques (either liquid or solid, supplemented with or without plant growth regulators) (Cain, Emershad & Tarailo, 198; Emershad & Ramming, 1984; Gray, Fisher & Mortensen, 1987; Barlass, Ramming & Davis, 1988). Embryos of stenospermoarpi grapes are le to germinate diretly from the ovule when ultured on an artifiial medium (Spiegel-Roy et al., 198). However, a ertain perentage of embryos fail to germinate while embedded in the ovule. To ensure the highest frequeny of germination, a number of authors found it neessary to exise embryos after a period in ulture (Cain et al., 198; Emershad & Ramming, 1984; Gray et al., 1987; Barlass et al., 1988). Various tehniques are applied to stimulate the growth of isolated embryos and their development into plants. Embryos obtained from ultured ovules appeared to be dormant, but old stratifiation of the isolated embryos at 4 C for six weeks failed to promote germination, while the addition of N 6 -Benzyladenine to the medium stimulated rapid germination (Gray et al., 1990). Bouquet & Davis (1989), however, found that BA was detrimental to plant development and that gibberelli aid was ineffetive in breaking dormany. The aim of this study was to investigate different fators whih may affet the suess of in vitro ulture of grape embryos.the effet of plant growth regulators, developmental stage and ovule size on embryo growth was investigated. The effet of different ulture onditions on the growth of isolated embryos was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHDS vule ulture: A standard proedure as desribed by Spiegel-Roy et al., (198) with appropriate modifiations was followed. Berries were olleted in the vineyard at different stages after pollination, rinsed under running tap water (20 min), surfae-sterilised for 1 min in 1% NaCl and rinsed twie in sterile water. vules were aseptially removed and ultured on the basal medium of Nitsh & Nitsh (1969) (), modified by inreasing the FeS 4.7H, onentration X, or on the basal medium of Bouquet & Davis (1989) (). Sigma agar was used. vules were ultured in petri dishes (90 mm x mm) under standard onditions of 26 ± 2 C and 16 h ool-white fluoresent (G.E.C. 6 W) illumination. In some of the experiments (see below) -indoleaeti aid (IAA), gibberelli aid (GA ), N -Benzyladenine (BA) and indole- butyri aid (IBA) were added to the media. Media were sterilised at 121 C for 1 min and the plant growth regulator solutions were filter-sterilised (0,2 um Millipore filters) Aknowledgements: The tehnial assistane of Mrs E. Visagie and Miss A.E. Theron is muh appreiated. The authors sinerely wish to thank Prof. R. de V. Pienaar and Dr I.A. Trautmannfor reading the manusript ritially and the Tle Grape Industry for finanial support. 1
2 2 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos and added after autolaving. The effet of GA and IAA: Musat Seedless ovules were ultured on or supplemented with 1x M IAA and 1x M GA. vules were olleted at five, seven, nine and eleven weeks after bloom and ultured as desribed ove. After 12 ± 1 weeks in ulture the perentage of germinated ovules was determined for eah treatment. The Spiegel-Roy et al., (198) tehnique was adapted by exising the remaining (ungerminated) ovules and ulturing the isolated embryos on in darkness at 26 ± 2 C. Germinated embryos were transferred to a growth hamber and ultured under standard onditions. The resulting plants were miropropagated and alimatised in a greenhouse. The effet of ultivar, basal medium and addition of ativated haroal: vules of open-pollinated Musat Seedless, Flame Seedless, Festival Seedless and a seletion, 72-41, were ultured at six and eight weeks after bloom. Mean ovule masses at six weeks after bloom were 6,2 mg;, mg; 6,22 mg and,84 mg respetively, while it was.6 mg; 4,48 mg; 7,2 mg and 6,6 mg at eight weeks after bloom. Two basal media ( and ) with and without ativated haroal (2 g/l) were inluded in the experiment. The standard proedure desribed ove was followed and isolated embryos were ultured on. The effet of ovule size: Sultanina ovules were olleted weekly from four to weeks after bloom and visually grouped into three lasses aording to size (small, medium and large). Size riteria varied aording to ulture date (weeks after bloom). ne hundred ovules of eah size lass were ultured on for 12 ± 1 weeks after whih their embryos were exised. Isolated embryos were ultured on. All the experiments desribed ove were arranged in a fatorial design and repliated in either two or three bloks. An experimental unit onsisted of five petri dishes with ovules per petri dish. The number of embryos germinating from intat ovules was ounted and afterwards the ungerminated ovules were disseted to determine the number ontaining embryos. The total embryo perentage ould thus be alulated. The number of ovules per unit differed (attributed to ontamination) and a working logit transformation was thus applied. The transformed values were then analysed. In order to ompare treatment means Student's t- LSD test was applied at % signifiane. Treatments were developmental stage (i.e. time measured as weeks after bloom), different media (inluding the addition of plant growth regulators and ativated haroal) and ovule size (small, medium and large). Development of exised embryos: During 1991 isolated embryos of Musat Seedless were submitted to different treatments to stimulate growth and further development into normal seedlings. Treatments were as follows: (1) + 16h illumination at 26 ± 2 C (ontrol), (2) + darkness at 4 C, () + darkness at 26 ± 2 C; (4) + BA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C, () + GA + IAA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C, (6) + GA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C. Based on the results of the previous year, the following media were inluded in a similar experiment with Sunred Seedless and isolated embryos were submitted to the following treatments (1992): (1) + darkness at 26 ± 2 C (ontrol), (2) + darkness at 26 ± 2 C, () + BA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C, (4) + GA +IAA + darkness at 26 ± 2 G,() + GA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C. Plant growth regulator onentrations were 1 x M IAA, 1 x " 6 M GA and 1 x ' 6 M BA, respetively. Treatments inluded the addition of plant growth regulators to the medium and different illumination periods and were repliated in three bloks during An experimental unit onsisted of five petri dishes with five embryos per petri dish (2 embryos per blok). During 1992 treatments were repliated in five bloks and an experimental unit onsisted of six petri dishes with embryos per dish ( embryos per blok). After three weeks, when petri dishes were transferred to standard illumination and temperature onditions, observations were made by ounting the number of germinated embryos. Data on the number of embryos whih eventually developed into plantlets with normal leaves were reorded two months later. Data were subjeted to a working logit transformation and analysis of variane was performed as desribed ove. Miropropagation and alimatisation: Although normal healthy plants developed from the ultured embryos, normal growth of the otyledons was frequently observed. When morphologially normal stems and leaves developed from embryos with normal otyledons, these shoots were removed and rooted on medium ontaining 6,2 x M IB A. In all experiments, when leaves developed, plantlets were transferred from petri dishes to in 0ml glass jars. Plantlets were miropropagated by onenode mirouttings on medium supplemented with 4 x M BA to enburage shoot proliferation. Resulting shoots were rooted on medium supplemented with IBA. Rooted plants were removed from the jars, the roots washed under running water, dipped in a 1% Benlate solution and planted in an unsterilised mixture of ommerial "speeding" mix (Kompel) and vermiulite (1:1) in polystyrene seedling trays. Eah tray was overed with a plasti bag and transferred to a greenhouse at 26 ± 2 C and 16 h illumination. After days the plasti was gradually ruptured., followed by omplete removal after 1 days. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIN Polyembryos and seondary embryos obtained from one ovule were regarded as one embryo to interpret results. The effet of GA and IAA: nly a very small number of embryos were le to germinate from intat Musat Seedless ovules and for eah ulture date no signifiant differenes were found for ovules ultured on media with and
3 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos in a X + IAA + GA, I 4 U_ Z WEEKS AFTER BLM FIGURE l(a) The effet of plant growth regulators on the perentage of embryos germinating from intat Musat Seedless ovules (: Basal medium of Nitsh & Nitsh; GA : Gibberelli aid; IAA: -Indoleaeti aid). Perentages identified by the same symbols do not differ signifiantly (p<0,0). 40 CD 20 a + IAA + GA I CC Q. 7 9 WEEKS AFTER BLM FIGURE l(b) The effet of plant growth regulators on the perentage of embryos germinating from intat Musat Seedless ovules as perentage of the total number of embryos (: Basal medium of Nitsh & Nitsh; GA : Gibberelli aid; IAA: -Indoleaeti aid). Perentages identified by the same symbols do not differ signifiantly (p<0,0) C/ 20 C m gxj + IAA + GA 1 0 < d d I 7 9 WEEKS AFTER BLM FIGURE l() The effet of plant growth regulators on the total perentage of embryos obtained from intat as well as disseted Musat Seedless ovules (: Basal medium of Nitsh & Nitsh; GA_,: Gibberelli aid; IAA: -Indoleaeti aid). Perentages identified by the same symbols do not differ signifiantly (p<0,0). 11
4 4 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos Musat Seedless Festival Seedless C p > " CC m S 20 <? 1 + AC + AC C 2 CQ AC + AC CC Q. Q_ de d de de 6 weeks 8 weeks WEEKS AFTER BLM 6 weeks ~ 8 weeks WEEKS AFTER BLM a) b) C 0 2 CC CD go )ENTAGE CJl CC Q. 0 " n - - /// + AC + AC Flame Seedless P -j 6 weeks 8 weeks WEEKS AFTER BLM b a g \$ /IBRYS N> n 20 I Q_ C) d) 0 ^ rn ^ + AC ^ + AC _ * - a XV\ _ / /, \ \ ' ^ //, l\* be *y\ / / s\\ ~^~7- T-r-A KV / // ' XX^^? 6 weeks 8 weeks WEEKS AFTER BLM FIGURE 2 The effet of ultivar, medium and developmental stage of ovules on the perentage of embryos obtained (: Basal medium of Bouquet & Davis; : Basal medium of Nitsh & Nitsh; AC Ativated haroal). Perentages identified by the same symbols do not differ signifiantly (p<0,0).
5 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos 2 20 <r C in u_ J CD J EC D. 1 de d ef de bed h ; h efg fg def WEEKS AFTER BLM FIGURE The effet of ovule size on the perentage of Sultanina embryos obtained. vules were ultured on (: Basal medium of Nitsh & Nitsh). Perentages identified by the same symbols do not differ signifiantly (p<0,0). without plant growth regulators (Fig. la). Preliminary results were Sultanina ovules ultured with the inlusion of different onentrations and ombinations of BA, GA and IAA indiated that these growth regulators were not essential for embryo reovery (Burger, 1992). When onsidering the number of embryos that germinated from intat ovules as perentage of the total number of embryos, a higher number germinated when ultured on medium supplemented with growth regulators. These differenes, however, were not signifiant (Fig. Ib). However, despite the indiation of plant growth regulators promoting germination from intat ovules, it was indiated that a higher total number of embryos (as perentage of ovules) is found when ovules are ultured on medium without plant growth regulators (Fig. I). For eah ulture date signifiant differenes in the number of embryos were found only for the ovules ultured nine weeks after bloom, in whih ase the higher embryo perentage was found in the ovules ultured on the basal medium (Fig. I). In order to obtain the most plants, the ovules need to be disseted and the isolated embryos ultured. This observation onfirms that of a number of authors who found it neessary to disset the embryos from the ovules after a ertain ulture period (Barlass el al., 1988; Cain et al, 198; Gray et al, 1987; Emershad et al, 1989; Gray et al, 1990; Ramming et al, 1990). The effet of ultivar, basal medium and addition of ativated haroal: Signifiantly more embryos were obtained with Musat Seedless ovules when ultured eight weeks after bloom on medium supplemented with ativated haroal irrespetive of basal medium (Fig. 2a). The same trend was observed for Festival Seedless (Fig. 2b). However, in this instane the results for the two basal media supplemented with ativated haroal differed signifiantly. The highest number of embryos was obtained from ovules ultured on (Fig. 2b). For both Flame Seedless and the highest numbers of embryos were obtained from ovules ultured on media supplemented with ativated haroal (Fig. 2,2d). It seems that ativated haroal has no benefiial effet at six weeks after bloom. These results are in aordane with those of Bouquet & Davis (1989), who also found that the addition of ativated haroal inreased the perentage of embryos, irrespetive of ulture date. Although not statistially onfirmed, it was observed that the ultivars with the highest embryo perentages had ovules with higher mean masses. Cain et al, (198), Goldy & Amborn (1987) and Spiegel-Roy et al, (1990) related differenes in embryo perentages to the ovule size of different ultivars. More embryos were obtained from ultivars with large ovules than from those with small ovules. The highest number of embryos for all four ultivars was obtained at eight weeks after bloom. The effet of ovule size: No orrelation was found between ovule size and the presene of embryos in Sultanina ovules. Contrary to expetation, a relatively high perentage of small ovules yielded embryos and the highest perentage of ovules that ontained embryos at seven and eight weeks after bloom was lassed as small ovules (Fig. ). S. Afr. J. Enol. Vide., Vol. 17, No. 2,1996
6 6 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos TABLE 1 The effet of different treatments on embryo growth and plant development in vitro (Musat Seedless, 1991). y) Treatment Number of embryos Number of germinating embryos p<0,0 Number of plants with normal leaves p<0, * (4,7%) ' b 2(7,1%)"" 6 4 b 26 (40,0%) * 4 6 * 19 (29,2%) b b 29 (42,6%) a " 6 64 a (1,6%)" b y) Treatments applied to isolated embryos: (1) + 16 h illumination at 26 ± 2 C (Control)., (2) + darkness at 4 C., () + darkness at 26 ± 2 C, (4) + BA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C, () + GA + IAA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C., (6) + GA + darkness at 26 ± 2 C. Embryos ultured in darkness were transferred to onditions of 16 h illumination at 26 ± 2 C after weeks. Germinating embryos were ounted at this stage and the data for plants with normal leaves were reorded two months afterwards. Values in olumns designated by the same symbol do not differ sigfniflantly. Values in brakets represent the perentage of embryos that developed into plants. TABLE 2 The effet of different treatments on embryo growth and plant development in vitro (Sunred Seedless, 1992). Medium Number of embryos Number of germinating embryos Number of plants with normal leaves a 8 (9,%) * (60,7%) ' + BA b 9(42,1%)" + GA C 1 (6,9%) ' + GA + IAA 12 8 b 20 (1,0%) " Embryos were ultured in darkness for weeks, before transferene to 16 h illumination at 26 ± 2 C Germinating embryos were ounted at this stage and the data for plants with normal leaves were reorded two months afterwards. Values between brakets showt the perentage of embryos whih developed to plants with normal leaves.. Values in olumns designated by the same symbol do not differ sigfniflantly (p<0,0).
7 In Vitro Culture of vules and Embryos 7 These results are in ontrast to those of Bouquet & Davis (1989), who observed a orrelation between the size of the ovules and vile embryos within a given ultivar. Embryo perentages in small ovules dereased when the time span inreased, while the highest perentage of medium and large ovules ontaining embryos was found at nine weeks after bloom. A gradual inrease in perentage of embryos was found in ovules that were ultured at later developmental stages (up to nine weeks) than at four and five weeks after bloom and it was onluded that Sultanina ovules should be ultured at nine weeks after bloom and only medium and large ovules should be ultured (Fig. ). Development of exised embryos: The addition of BA stimulated further development of embryos and germination, but not the development of plants with morphologially normal leaves. The number of embryos (exised from Musat Seedless ovules) that eventually produed leaves were signifiantly higher when embryos wer subjeted to a 16 h illumination period (ontrol), ompared to those obtained when embryos were ultured on medium ontaining BA (Tle 1). During*the following year the highest perentage of plants with normal leaves was obtained when Sunred Seedless embryos were ultured on the two basal media. The results for the two basal media did not differ signifiantly, but the number of normal plants was signifiantly higher ompared to the treatments with plant growth regulators inluded in the media (Tle 2). Gray et al., (1990) found that the addition of 1 x " M BA to solid Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium stimulated rapid growth of exised embryos. However, normalities were reorded in these embryos. In the present study it was found that although BA stimulated embryo germination, embryos and plantlets developed normalities, as was also reported by Bouquet & Davis (1989). The results of the present study regarding the ineffiieny of GA to break dormany are in aordane with those of Emershad & Ramming (1984) and Bouquet & Davis (1989). CNCSINS obtained from seedless x seeedless rosses fruited during LITERATURE CITED BARLASS, M., RAMMING, D.W. & DAVIS, H.P., In-ovulo embryo ulture: a breeding tehnique to resue seedless x seedless tle grape rosses. Aust. Grapegrower & Winemaker 292, BARRITT, B.H., vule development in seeded and seedless grapes. Vitis 9,7-14. BUQUET, A. & DAVIS, H.P., Culture in vitro d'embryons de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) appliquee a la seletion de varietes de raisins de tle sans pepins. Agronomi 9, BURGER, P., Embryo ulture and its appliation in tle grape breeding. M.S. Agri. thesis. University of Stellenbosh, Private Bag XI, 7602 Matieland, Stellenbosh. CAIN, D.W., EMERSHAD, R.L. & TARAIL, R.E., 198. In-ovulo embryo ulture and seedling development of seeded and seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Vitis 22, EMERSHAD, R. L. & RAMMING, D.W., In-ovulo embryo ulture of Vitis vinifera L. v. "Thompson Seedless". Amer. J. Bot. 71, EMERSHAD, R. L. & RAMMING, D.W. & SERPE, M.D., In-ovulo embryo development and plant formation from stenospermi genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. Amer, J. Bot. 76, GLDY, R.G., & AMBRN, U., In vitro ulturility of ovules from seedless grape lones. HortSiene 22, 92. GRAY, D.J., FISHER, L.C. & MRTENSEN, J.A., Comparison of methodologies for in-ovulo embryo resue of seedless grapes. HortSiene 22, GRAY, D.J., MRTENSEN, J.A., BENTN, C.M., DURHAM, R.E. & MRE, G.A., vule ulture to obtain progeny from hybrid seedless bunh grapes. J. Amer. So. Hort. Si. 11, NITSCH, J.P. & NITSCH, C, Haploid plants from pollen grains. Siene 16, PEARSN, H.M., 192. Parthenoarpy and seed ortion in Vitis vinifera. Pro. Amer. So. Hort. Si. 29, RAMMING, D.W., EMERSHAD, R.L., SP1EGEL-RY, P., SAHAR, N. & BARN. I., Embryo ulture of early ripening seeded grape (Vitis vinifera) genotypes. HortSiene 2, SPIEGEL-RY, P., SAHAR, N., BARN, J. & LAVI, U., 198. In vitro ulture and plant formation from grape ultivars with ortive ovules and seeds. J. Amer. So. Hort. Si.. 1, SPIEGEL-RY, P., SAHAR, N., BARN, I., Seedless x seedless grape progeny: Tehnique, results and perspetive. In: Pro. th Intern. Symp. Grape Breeding, St. Martin/Pfalz, FR of Germany, September pp Plants were obtained by ulturing the ovules and embryos of open-pollinated seedless ultivars and it was lear that a number of fators ontributed to the number of plants that eventually developed. Cultivar and ovule age at ulturing greatly influened the number of embryos resued and it was lear that ovules should not be ultured earlier than six weeks after bloom. Depending on ulture date, the addition of ativated haroal to the medium resulted in higher numbers of embryos. It may be onluded that illumination has no effet in the initial development of isolated embryos and that these embryos should be ultured on medium without growth regulators. The pratie of ulturing intat ovules, followed by exision of the ovules and ulturing of isolated embryos on medium without plant growth regulators, ensures the preservation of the widest spetrum of geneti diversity from a speifi ross. This proedure is now routinely followed in the tle grape breeding programme of Nietvoorbij and the first plants
Effect of Dietary Astaxanthin and Background Color on Pigmentation and Growth of Red Cher r y Shr imp, Neocaridina heteropoda
KASETSART UNIVERSITY FISHERIES RESEARCH BULLETIN 04, VOLUME 38 () Effet of Dietary and Color on Pigmentation and Growth of Red Cher r y Shr imp, Neoaridina heteropoda Nongnuh Laohavisuti * and Usharee
More informationclinical conditions using a tape recorder system
Thorax (1964), 19, 125 Objetive assessment of ough suppressants under linial onditions using a tape reorder system C. R. WOOLF AND A. ROSENBERG From the Respiratory Unit, Sunnybrook Hospital (Department
More informationEFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRESERVATION ON THE QUALITY OF CATTLE AND GOAT MEAT. Abstract
Bang. J. Anim. Si. 2009, 38(1&2) : 86 91 ISSN 0003-3588 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRESERVATION ON THE QUALITY OF CATTLE AND GOAT MEAT S. Bin. Faisal, S. Akhter 1 and M. M. Hossain Abstrat The study
More informationFunding: MPIC/Agrochemical Industry USDA/ARS
Evaluation and omparison of iofungiides and fungiides for the ontrol of post harvest potato tuer diseases. E. Gahango, W. W. Kirk, P. S. Wharton, R. Shafer and P. Tumalam. Department of Plant Pathology,
More informationWhat causes the spacing effect? Some effects ofrepetition, duration, and spacing on memory for pictures
Memory & Cognition 1975, Vol. 3 (3), 287 294 What auses the spaing effet? Some effets ofrepetition, duration, and spaing on memory for pitures DOUGLAS 1. HNTZMAN, JEFFERY J. SUMMERS, and RCHARD A. BLOCK
More informationCyclic Fluctuations of the Alveolar Carbon Dioxide Tension during the Normal Menstrual Cycle
Cyli Flutuations of the Alveolar Carbon Dioxide Tension during the Normal Menstrual Cyle Ruth L. Goodland, M.S., and W. T. Pommerenke, Ph.D., M.D. THE SHORT spa~ of funtional life of the unfertilized human
More informationINFLUENCE OF GRAPE GENOTYPE, RIPENING SEASON, SEED TRACE SIZE, AND CULTURE DATE ON IN OVULE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND PLANT FORMATION ( 1 )
INFLUENCE OF GRAPE GENOTYPE, RIPENING SEASON, SEED TRACE SIZE, AND CULTURE DATE ON IN OVULE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND PLANT FORMATION ( 1 ) CELSO V. POMMER ( 2 ), DAVID W. RAMMING ( 3 ) AND RICHARD L. EMERSHAD
More informationEXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING
Br. J. lin. Pharma. (1978), 5, 293-297 EFFECT OF URINARYpH AND NICOTINE EXCRETION RATE ON PLASMA NICOTINE DURING CIGARETTE SMOKING AND CHEWING NICOTINE GUM C. FEYERABEND & 1M.A.H. RUSSELL Poisons Unit,
More informationSequence Analysis using Logic Regression
Geneti Epidemiology (Suppl ): S66 S6 (00) Sequene Analysis using Logi Regression Charles Kooperberg Ingo Ruzinski, Mihael L. LeBlan, and Li Hsu Division of Publi Health Sienes, Fred Huthinson Caner Researh
More informationThe comparison of psychological evaluation between military aircraft noise and civil aircraft noise
The omparison of psyhologial evaluation between military airraft noise and ivil airraft noise Makoto MORINAGA ; Ippei YAMAMOTO ; Hidebumi TSUKIOKA ; Koihi MAKINO 2, Sonoko KUWANO 3, Mitsuo MATSUMOTO 4
More informationProduction oftriploid grapes by in ovulo embryo culture
Vitis 37 (3), 113-117 (1998) Production oftriploid grapes by in ovulo embryo culture by H. Y AMASHITA, I. SHIGEHARA and T. HANIUDA Nagano Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Nagano, Japan S um m a r y : Triploid
More informationDEPOSITION AND CLEARANCE OF FINE PARTICLES IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY TRACT
PII: S0003^t878(96)00171-8 Ann. oup. Hyg., Vol. 41, Supplement 1, pp. 503-508, 1997 1997 British Oupational Hygiene Soiety Published by Elsevier Siene Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain
More informationComputer mouse use predicts acute pain but not prolonged or chronic pain in the neck and shoulder
Computer mouse use predits aute pain but not prolonged or hroni pain in the nek and shoulder J H Andersen, 1 M Harhoff, 2 S Grimstrup, 2 I Vilstrup, 1 C F Lassen, 3 L P A Brandt, 4 A I Kryger, 3,5 E Overgaard,
More informationSystematic Review of Trends in Fish Tissue Mercury Concentrations
Systemati Review of Trends in Fish Tissue Merury Conentrations Tom Grieb 1, Roxanne Karimi 2, Niholas Fisher 2, Leonard Levin 3 (1) Tetra Teh, In., Lafayette, CA, USA; (2) State University of New York,
More informationMineral Oil Application Experiments: Reducing Current Season PVY
Mineral Oil Appliation Experiments: Reduing Current Season PVY Prinipal Investigator(s). Russell L. Groves, Assistant Professor and Entomology Extension Speialist, Department of Entomology, 537 Russell
More informationOpening and Closing Transitions for BK Channels Often Occur in Two
72 Biophysial Journal Volume 65 August 1993 72-714 Opening and Closing Transitions for BK Channels Often Our in Two Steps via Sojourns through a Brief ifetime Subondutane State William B. Ferguson, Owen
More informationThe effects of bilingualism on stuttering during late childhood
Additional information is published online only at http:// ad.bmj.om/ontent/vol93/ issue11 1 Division of Psyhology and Language Sienes, University College London, London, UK; 2 Department of Language and
More informationSexual and marital trajectories and HIV infection among ever-married women in rural Malawi
1 Cartagene, Montreal, Canada; 2 MGill University, Montreal, Canada; 3 Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; 4 Brown University, Providene, USA; 5 University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, USA; 6
More informationLung function studies before and after a work shift
British J6urnal ofindustrial Mediine 1983;40:153-159 Lung funtion studies before and after a work shift R G LOVE From the Institute of Oupational Mediine, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, UK ABSTRAT The lung funtion
More informationReading a Textbook Chapter
HENR.546x.APPBpp001-013 7/21/04 9:37 AM Page 1 APPENDIX B Reading a Textbook Chapter Copyright 2005 Pearson Eduation, In. 1 2 Read the following hapter from the ollege textbook Total Fitness: Exerise,
More informationMETHODS JULIO A. PANZA, MD, ARSHED A. QUYYUMI, MD, JEAN G. DIODATI, MD, TIMOTHY S. CALLAHAN, MS, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, MD, FACC
JACC Vol. 17. No.3 Marh 1. 1991 :657-63 657 METHODS Predition of the Frequeny and Duration of Ambulatory Myoardial Ishemia in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease by Determination of the Ishemi
More informationAre piglet prices rational hog price forecasts?
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ELSEVIER Agriultural Eonomis 13 (1995) 119-123 Are piglet pries rational hog prie foreasts? Ole GjQ)lberg * Department of Eonomis and Soial Sienes, The Agriultural University of
More informationPARKINSON S DISEASE: MODELING THE TREMOR AND OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT. Keywords: Medical, Optimization, Modelling, Oscillation, Noise characteristics.
PARKINSON S DISEASE: MODELING THE TREMOR AND OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT Mohammad Haeri, Yashar Sarbaz and Shahriar Gharibzadeh Advaned Control System Lab, Eletrial Engineering Department, Sharif University
More informationUrea and oxalate inhibition of the serum lactate dehydrogenase
and oxalate inhibition of the serum latate dehydrogenase PULINE M. EMERSON ND J. H. WILKINSON J. lin. Path. (1965), 18, 83 From the Department of Chemial Pathology, Westminster Medial Shool (University
More informationEffect of Curing Conditions on Hydration Reaction and Compressive Strength Development of Fly Ash-Cement Pastes
Effet of Curing Conditions on Hydration Reation and Development of Fly Ash-Cement Pastes Warangkana Saengsoy Candidate for the degree of Dotor of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Toyoharu Nawa Division
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publiation lik this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/22708
More informationHUE UNIVERSITY Hue University of Sciences NGUYEN THI NHAT LINH
HUE UNIVERSITY Hue University of Sienes ----------------------------------- NGUYEN THI NHAT LINH EFFECT OF CULTURE CONDITIONS AND ELICITORS ON THE GROWTH AND SAPONIN ACCUMULATION IN SECONDARY ROOT OF NGOC
More informationThe effects of question order and response-choice on self-rated health status in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
The effets of question order and response-hoie on self-rated health status in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) A Bowling, J Windsor Theory and methods Department of Primary Care and Population
More informationUrbanization and childhood leukaemia in Taiwan
C International Epidemlologial Assoiation 1998 Printed in Great Britain International Journal of Epidemiology 199827:587-591 Urbanization and hildhood leukaemia in Taiwan Chung-Yi Li, a Ruey S Iin b and
More informationSouthwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr. La Jolla, California 92037
233 Abstrat We estimated the total number of pantropial spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) mothers killed without their alves ( alf defiit ) in all tuna purse-seine sets from 1973 90 and 1996 2000 in
More informationdescribing DNA reassociation* (renaturation/nucleation inhibition/single strand ends)
Pro. Nat. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 415-419, February 1976 Biohemistry Studies on nulei aid reassoiation kinetis: Empirial equations desribing DNA reassoiation* (renaturation/nuleation inhibition/single
More informationOVULO EMBRYO CULTURE IN GRAPES - A REVIEW
Agric.Re~.22(2): 127-131,2001 OVULO EMBRYO CULTURE IN GRAPES - A REVIEW Anil Kumar, Suneel Sharma and D.S. Gill Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 12!;> 004, India
More informationDietary lipid level but not L-carnitine affects growth performance of hybrid striped bass ž Morone chrysops Y=M. saxatilis?/
Aquaulture 190 2000 237 246 www.elsevier.nlrloateraqua-online Dietary lipid level but not L-arnitine affets growth performane of hybrid striped bass ž Morone hrysops Y=M. saxatilis?/ T.G. Gaylord, D.M.
More informationProliferation of Legionella pneumophila as an Intracellular Parasite
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1984, p. 467-471 0099-2240/84/030467-05$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1984, Amerian Soiety for Mirobiology Vol. 47, No. 3 Proliferation of Legionella pneumophila as
More informationEvaluation of a prototype for a reference platelet
932 Royal Postgraduate Medial Shool, Duane Road, London W12 ONN S M Lewis Western Infirmary, Glasgow R M Rowan Toa Medial Eletronis, Kobe, Japan F Kubota Correspondene to: Dr S M Lewis Aepted for publiation
More informationEffect of elemental sulphur on uptake of cadmium, zinc, and sulphur by oilseed rape growing in soil contaminated with zinc and cadmium
Effet of elemental sulphur on uptake of admium, zin, and sulphur by oilseed rape growing in soil ontaminated with zin and admium Cui, Y. S., Wang, Q. R., & Christie, P. (2004). Effet of elemental sulphur
More informationComparative Activity of Amoxycillin and Ampicillin in an Experimental Bacterial Infection in Mice
ANTMCROBAL AGNTS AND CHMOTHRAPY, Sept. 1973, p. 285-293 Copyright i 1973 Amerian Soiety for Mirobiology Vol. 4, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Comparative Ativity of Amoxyillin and Ampiillin in an xperimental
More informationLearned spatiotemporal sequence recognition and prediction in primary visual cortex
Supplementary Materials for Learned spatiotemporal sequene reognition and predition in primary visual ortex Jeffrey P. Gavornik and Mark F. Bear Howard Hughes Medial Institute Piower Institute for Learning
More informationIdentification of an adipose tissue-like lipoprotein lipase in perfusates of chicken liver
Identifiation of an adipose tissue-like lipoprotein lipase in perfusates of hiken liver Andre Bensadoun and Tung Liu Koh Division of Nutritional Sienes and Division of Biologial Sienes, Cornel1 University,
More informationThe burden of smoking-related ill health in the United Kingdom
The burden of smoking-related ill health in the United Kingdom S Allender, R Balakrishnan, P Sarborough, P Webster, M Rayner Researh paper Department of Publi Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Correspondene
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publiation lik this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/24753
More informationReversal of ammonia coma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effect
Gut, 1979, 2, 28-32 Reversal of ammonia oma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effet L. ZV1, W. M. DOZAK, AND R. F. DRR From the Department of Mediine, Hennepin ounty Medial enter and Minneapolis Veterans
More informationSimple Bacterial Preservation Medium and Its Application to
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1978, p. 487491 0099-2240/78/0035-0487$02.00/0 Copyright i 1978 Amerian Soiety for Mirobiology Vol. 35, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Simple Baterial Preservation
More informationData Retrieval Methods by Using Data Discovery and Query Builder and Life Sciences System
Appendix E1 Data Retrieval Methods by Using Data Disovery and Query Builder and Life Sienes System All demographi and linial data were retrieved from our institutional eletroni medial reord databases by
More informationVariation in Broccoli Cultivar Phytochemical Content under Organic and Conventional Management Systems: Implications in Breeding for Nutrition
Variation in Brooli Cultivar Phytohemial Content under Organi and Conventional Management Systems: Impliations in Breeding for Nutrition Renaud ENC, Lammerts van Bueren ET, Myers JR, Paulo MJ, van Eeuwijk
More informationDefective neutrophil function in low-birth-weight,
J Clin Pathol 1981 ;34:366-37 Defetive neutrophil funtion in low-birth-weight, premature infants H AL-HADITHY, IE ADDISON, AH GOLDSTONE, JC CAWLEY, AND JC SHAW From the Departments of Haematology and Paediatris,
More informationClemson University, Coastal Research and Educalion Center 2865 Savannah Highway. Charleston, SC USA
Parasitism and Predation on Egg Masses ofthe Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), in Tomato, Okra, Cowpea, Soybean, and Wild Radishl,2 B. M. Shepard, K. D. Elsey3,
More informationOne objective of quality family-planning services is to. Onsite Provision of Specialized Contraceptive Services: Does Title X Funding Enhance Access?
JOURNAL OF WOMEN S HEALTH Volume 23, Number 5, 204 ª Mary Ann Liebert, In. DOI: 0.089/jwh.203.45 Onsite Provision of Speialized Contraeptive Servies: Does Title X Funding Enhane Aess? Heike Thiel de Boanegra,
More informationHuman ovarian granulosa cell culture: determination of blood cell contamination and evaluation of possible culture purification steps*
FERTLTY AND STERLTY Copyright 1991 The Amerian Fertility Soiety Vol. 56, No. 5, November 1991 Printed on aid-free paper in U.S.A. Human ovarian granulosa ell ulture: determination of blood ell ontamination
More informationRADIATION DOSIMETRY INTRODUCTION NEW MODALITIES
RADIATION DOSIMETRY M. Ragheb 1/17/2006 INTRODUCTION Radiation dosimetry depends on the aumulated knowledge in nulear siene in general and in nulear and radio hemistry in partiular. The latter is onerned
More informationCOMMUN. SOIL SCI. PLANT ANAL., 29(11-14), (1998)
OMMUN. SOIL SI. PLANT ANAL., 9(-4), 89-896 (998) FATORS AFFETING AVAILALE MIRONUTRIENT ONENTRATIONS IN SOILS USING OA-OLA AS EXTRATANT Ewald Shnug, Juergen Flekenstein, and Silvia Haneklaus Institute of
More informationIn-vivo determination of lead in the skeleton after occupational exposure to lead
British Journal of Industrial Mediine 198;37:19-113 In-vivo determination of lead in the skeleton after oupational exposure to lead L AHLGREN,' BIRGITTA HAEGER-ARONSEN,2 S MATTSSON,' AND A SCHUTZ3 From
More informationKeywords: congested heart failure,cardiomyopathy-targeted areas, Beck Depression Inventory, psychological distress. INTRODUCTION:
International Journal of Medial Siene and Eduation An offiial Publiation of Assoiation for Sientifi and Medial Eduation (ASME) Original Researh Artile ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF LIFE AND ANXIETY, DEPRESSION,
More informationDirection of active sliding of microtubules in Tetrahymena cilia (dynein/cell motility/electron microscopy)
Pro. Natl. Aad. Si. USA Vol. 74, No. 5, pp.2045-2049, May 1977 Cell Biology Diretion of ative sliding of mirotubules in Tetrahymena ilia (dynein/ell motility/eletron mirosopy) WINFIELD S. SALE AND PETER
More informationCostly Price Discrimination
Costly Prie Disrimination Peter T. Leeson and Russell S. Sobel Department of Eonomis, West Virginia University February 16, 26 Abstrat In standard miroeonomi theory, perfet prie disrimination is soially
More informationShift work is a risk factor for increased total cholesterol level: a 14-year prospective cohort study in 6886 male workers
Original artile 1 Department of Oupational and Environmental Mediine, Graduate Shool of Mediine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 2 Center for Preventive Medial Siene, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 3
More informationPRESENCE OF A GASTRIC MOTOR-STIMULATING PROPERTY IN DUODENAL EXTRACTS
GASTRONTROLOGY opyright 1967 by The Williams & Wilkins o. Vol. 52, No.2, Pat 1 Printed in U.S.A. PRSN OF A GASTR MOTOR-STMULATNG PROPRTY N DUODNAL XTRATS JOHN. BROWN, PH.D. Department of Physiology, University
More informationwww.aademijournals.om Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advanes 0 (4): 79-84, 05 ISSN 68-999 / DOI: 0.9/ajava.05.79.84 05 Aademi Journals In. Effet of Supplementation of Fiber Degrading Enzymes on
More informationRate of processing and judgment of response speed: Comparing the effects of alcohol and practice
Pereption & Psyhophysis 1989, 45 (4), 431-438 Rate of proessing and judgment of response speed: Comparing the effets of alohol and pratie E. A. MAYLOR, P. M. A. RABBITT, and S. A. V. CONNOLLY University
More informationabstract SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE
Telehealth and Autism: Treating Challenging Behavior at Lower Cost Sott Lindgren, PhD, a,b David Waker, PhD, a,b Alyssa Suess, PhD, a,b Kelly Shieltz, PhD, Kelly Pelzel, PhD, b Todd Kopelman, PhD, d John
More informationMass spectra of liquid crystals. V.Cyclohexyl and phenyl esters of cyclohexanecarboxylic and benzoic acids
Mass spetra of liquid rystals. V.Cylohexyl and phenyl esters of ylohexanearboxyli and benzoi aids Citation for published version (APA): Lelerq, P. A., & Bogaert, van den, H. M. (). Mass spetra of liquid
More informationImmature embryo rescue of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) after an extended period of seed trace culture
Vitis 44 (1), 17 23 (2005) Immature embryo rescue of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) after an extended period of seed trace culture J. G. VALDEZ EEA Rama Caída, INTA, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina Summary
More informationIncentive Downshifts Evoke Search Repertoires in Rats
Journal of Experimental Psyhology: Animal Behavior Proesses 1999, Vol. 25, No. 2,153-167 Copyright 1999 by the Amerian Psyhologial Assoiation, In. 0097-7403/99/$3.00 Inentive Downshifts Evoke Searh Repertoires
More informationEmbryo rescue of crosses between diploid and tetraploid grape cultivars and production of triploid plants
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(82), pp. 19005-19010, 19 December, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.977 ISSN 1684 5315 2011 Academic Journals Full
More informationFluoride Exposure in Michigan Schoolchildren
18 Journal of Publi Health Dentistry Fluoride Exposure in Mihigan Shoolhildren Susan M. Szpunar MPH, DrPH Brian A. Butt BDS, MPH, PhD Program in Dental Publi Health Shool of Publi Health II The University
More informationA novel approach to regulate cell membrane permeability for ATP and NADH. formations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by air cold plasma 1
A novel approah to regulate ell membrane permeability for ATP and NADH formations in Saharomyes erevisiae indued by air old plasma 1 Xiaoyu DONG ( 董晓宇 ), Tingting LIU ( 刘婷婷 ), Yuqin XIONG ( 熊玉琴 ) Shool
More informationCircumstances and Consequences of Falls in Community-Living Elderly in North Bangalore Karnataka 1* 2 2 2
ISSN 2231-4261 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cirumstanes and Consequenes of Falls in Community-Living Elderly in North Bangalore Karnataka 1* 2 2 2 Savita S. Patil, Suryanarayana S.P, Dinesh Rajaram, Murthy N.S Department
More informationMonday 16 May 2016 Afternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Oxford Cambridge and RS S Level Psyhology H167/01 Researh methods Monday 16 May 2016 fternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes * 6 4 0 4 5 2 5 3 9 3 * You must have: a alulator * H 1 6 7 0 1 * First name
More informationIn vitro embryo rescue culture of F1 progenies from crosses between different ploidy grapes
In vitro embryo rescue culture of F1 progenies from crosses between different ploidy grapes W. Ji 1, G.R. Li 2, Y.X. Luo 1, X.H. Ma 3, M. Wang 3 and R. Ren 3 1 College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural
More information'{'J \FOOD PATTERNS OF SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA COAL MINERS/ Sarah Ellen,~owling 11. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia
1 '{'J \FOOD PATTERNS OF SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA COAL MINERS/ by Sarah Ellen,~owling 11 Thesis submitted to the Faulty of the Virginia Polytehni Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of
More informationChannel Modeling Based on Interference Temperature in Underlay Cognitive Wireless Networks
Channel Modeling Based on Interferene emperature in Underlay Cognitive Wireless Networks Manuj Sharma # *, Anirudha Sahoo #2, K. D. Nayak * # Dept. of Computer Siene & Engineering Indian Institute of ehnology
More informationSorghum stem yield and soluble carbohydrates under different salinity levels
Afrian Journal of Biotehnology Vol. 7 (22), pp. 4051-4055, 19 November, 2008 Available online at http://www.aademijournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 5315 2008 Aademi Journals Full Length Researh Paper Sorghum
More informationEffects of training to implement new working methods to reduce knee strain in floor layers. A twoyear
Department of Oupational Mediine, Region Hospital Skive, Denmark Correspondene to: Dr L K Jensen, Department of Oupational Mediine, Region Hospital Skive, Resenvej 25, DK- 7800 Skive, Denmark; lilli.kirkeskov.jensen@
More informationDetermination of Parallelism and Nonparallelism in
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROIOLOGY, OCt. 1994, p. 2441-2447 95-1137/94/$4.+ Copyright 1994, Amerian Soiety for Mirobiology Vol. 32, No. 1 Determination of Parallelism and Nonparallelism in ioassay Dilution
More informationAmerican Orthodontics Exhibit 1001 Page 1 of 6. US 6,276,930 Bl Aug. 21,2001 /IIIII
(12) United States Patent Pozzi /IIIII 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US006276930Bl (10) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent: US 6,276,930 Bl Aug. 21,2001 (54) ORTHODONTIC AID
More informationDetection and Classification of Brain Tumor in MRI Images
PrahiGadpayle and Prof.P.S.Mahajani 45 Detetion and Classifiation of Brain Tumor in MRI Images PrahiGadpayleand Prof.P.S.Mahajani Abstrat Brain tumor detetion in Magneti Resonane Imaging (MRI) is important
More informationDepartment of Virology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, U.K. and heterologous virus challenge.
Journal of General Virology (1992), 73, 727-731. Printed in Great Britain 727 Comparison between in vitro neutralization titres and in vivo protetion against homologous and heterologous hallenge indued
More informationSTRUCTURAL AND HORMONAL ALTERATIONS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF PARENTERALLY FED RATS
GASTRONTROLOGY 68:1177-1183, 1975 Copyright 1975 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 68, No.5, Part 1 Printed in U.S.A. STRUCTURAL AND HORMONAL ALTRATIONS IN TH GASTROINTSTINAL TRACT OF PARNTRALLY FD RATS
More informationTHE ATP-DEPENDENT CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM BY A GOLGI APPARATUS-RICH FRACTION ISOLATED FROM RAT LIVER
J. Cell Si. 30, 117-128 (1978) Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited igys THE ATP-DEPENDENT CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM BY A GOLGI APPARATUS-RICH FRACTION ISOLATED FROM RAT LIVER STUART HODSON
More informationconstituent amino acids in man'
Gut, 197, 11, 25-254 Intestinal absorption of arnosine and its onstituent amino aids in man' A. M. ASATOOR, J. K. BANDOH2, A. F. LANT, M. D. MILN, AND F. NAVAB From the Medial Unit of the Westminster Hospital,
More informationAge-dependent penetrance of different germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene
Age-dependent penetrane of different germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene F Al-Mulla, 1 J M Bland, 2 D Serratt, 3 J Miller, 3 C Chu, 3 G T Taylor 4 Additional data are published online only at http://jp.bmj.
More informationMeasurement of Dose Rate Dependence of Radiation Induced Damage to the Current Gain in Bipolar Transistors 1
Measurement of Dose Rate Dependene of Radiation Indued Damage to the Current Gain in Bipolar Transistors 1 D. Dorfan, T. Dubbs, A. A. Grillo, W. Rowe, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, A. Seiden, E. Spener, S. Stromberg,
More informationInfluence of Potassium Sorbate and Sodium Benzoate on Heat Inactivation of Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium puberulum and Geotrichum candidum
45 Journal of Food Protetion, Vol. 44, No.6. Pages 45-454 (June 1981) Copyright, International Assoiation of Milk, Food, and nvironmental Sanitarians Influene of Potassium Sorbate and Sodium Benzoate on
More informationBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Biomarker in Children with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder 1* 2 2 2
JKIMSU, Vol. 4, No. 4, Ot-De 2015 ISSN 2231-4261 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Brain-Derived Neurotrophi Fator as a Biomarker in Children with Attention Defiit-Hyperativity Disorder 1* 2 2 2 Farshid Saadat, Maryam
More informationAgonist-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Rat Thoracic Aorta May Be Mediated through cgmp
352 Agonist-Indued Endothelium-Dependent in Rat Thorai Aorta May Be Mediated through Robert M. Rapoport and Ferid Murad From the Departments of Mediine and Pharmaology, Stanford University Shool of Mediine,
More informationMating Disruption of Paralobesia viteana in Vineyards Using Pheromone Deployed in SPLAT-GBM Wax Droplets
J Chem Eol (28) 34:189 195 DOI 1.17/s1886-8-9497- Mating Disruption of Paralobesia viteana in Vineyards Using Pheromone Deployed in SPLAT-GBM Wax Droplets Paul E. Jenkins & Rufus Isaas Reeived: 5 Otober
More informationHistometry of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid of primary thyrotoxicosis patients
J. /in. Path., 1976, 29, 398*402 Histometry of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid of primary thyrotoxiosis patients Relation of extent of thyroiditis to preoperative drug treatment and postoperative hypothyroidism
More informationThe zygotic origin of hybrids from Thompson Seedless grape,
Vitis 30, 11-15 (1991) The zygotic origin of hybrids from Thompson Seedless grape, Vitis vinifera L. by D. w. RAMMINGl), R. L. EMERSHAD 1 ), R. TARAIL0 1 },J. X. CHAPARRü2) and B. D. MOWREY 3 } l) Horticultural
More informationDietary management of gastrointestinal (GI) disease
J Vet Intern Med 2011;25:230 235 Effet of Diets Differing in Fat Content on Chroni Diarrhea in Cats D.P. Laflamme, H. Xu, and G.M. Long Bakground: Fat-restrited diets have been advoated for dogs with diarrhea
More informationInterrelationships of Chloride, Bicarbonate, Sodium, and Hydrogen Transport in the Human Ileum
Interrelationships of Chloride, Biarbonate, Sodium, and Hydrogen Transport in the Human Ileum LEsLE A. TURNBERG, FREDERICK A. BIEBERDORF, STEPHEN G. MORAWSKI, and JOHN S. FORDTRAN From the Department of
More informationA 90-Day Chloroform Inhalation Study in F-344 Rats: Profile of Toxicity and Relevance to Cancer Studies
FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY 32, 109-125 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0113 A 90-Day Chloroform Inhalation Study in F-344 Rats: Profile of Toxiity and Relevane to Caner Studies MICHAEL V. TEMPLIN, JEFFREY L.
More informationDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
PPR 16 RSTRUTON O LOO LOW N TRNSCNNTL MTTON R. VNN,.. WLSON, W.R. SMT, and M. MORTON epartment of Mediine, University of California, rvine, California, U.S.. Mar ked dereases in hepati and renal blood
More informationFunctional GI disorders: from animal models to drug development
1 UCLA Center for Neuroviseral Sienes & Women s Health, Departments of Mediine, Physiology and Psyhiatry, David Geffen Shool of Mediine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2 UCLA Center for Neuroviseral Sienes
More informationNon-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement
1 IOC Medial Commission and Karolinska Institutet, Stokholm, Sweden; 2 IOC Medial Commission, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3 Department of Orthopedis, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA; 4 University of
More informationEffects of vitamin E on growth, survival and fecundity of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
International Sholars Journals Afrian Journal of Fisheries Siene ISSN 2375-0715 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 191-196, February, 2015. Available online at www.internationalsholarsjournals.org International Sholars Journals
More informationphosphatidylcholine by high performance liquid chromatography: a partial resolution of molecular species
A large-sale purifiation of phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylholine by high performane liquid hromatography: a partial resolution of moleular speies R. S. Fager,
More informationDefending the Wrist Deviation Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Screening: A Comparison of Vibration Thresholds and Distal Motor Latency
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 1996, VOL. 2, NO. 4, 315-335 Defending the Wrist Deviation Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Sreening: A Comparison of Vibration Thresholds and
More information