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1 Supplementary appendix This appendix formed part of the original submission and has been peer reviewed. We post it as supplied by the authors. Supplement to: Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, et al. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet 2013; published online May org/ /s (13)60687-x.
2 1 Table : Prevalence of indicators of chronic kidney disease around the world Reference Year of study Number of subjects Population Screening tools Prevalence of reduced GFR and proteinuria Australia Chadban ,247 Adults 7, 11 egfr<60 : 11.2% Proteinuria: 2.4% Hematuria: 4.6% Bangladesh Cravedi ,518 High-risk rural adults 1,10 egfr<60 : 8.6% Albuminuria: 45.4% Bolivia Cravedi ,436 Urban adults 1,11 egfr<60 : 3.2% Proteinuria: 4.5% Brazil Passos ,560 Urban adults 1742 > 60 y y 9 Serum creatinine (>1.3 mg/dl males, >1.2 females) 5.1% >60 y 0.5% y Cipullo ,717 Urban adults 8 Creatinine clearance < % China Zhang ,204 Urban and rural adults 5,10 Albuminuria 9.4% egfr<60 1.7% Zhang ,925 Urban and 5,10 Albuminuria 9.2% CKD stages Stage 3: 2.5% Stage 4: 0.4% Stage 5: 0.4% Stage 3: 7.4% Stage 4: 1.4% Stage 5: 0.1% Stage 1: 5.7% Stage 2: 3.4% Stage 3: 1.6% Stage 4/5: 0.1%
3 2 rural adults Hematuria 3.5% egfr<60 1.7% Zhang 7 2,353 Adults >40 y 5,10 Albuminuria 6.2% Hematuria 0.8% egfr<60 5.2% Chen ,311 Urban adults 3 egfr<60 :3.2% Albuminuria :6.6% Chen ,540 Urban and rural adults y Hematuria:3.8% 5,10 All CKD (agestandardized): 41.9% Liu ,214 Rural adults Albuminuria 7.1% Hematuria 4.6% egfr<60 2.6% Congo Sumaili Urban adults 1,7,11 egfr<60 MDRD: 8% C-G: 15.3% Proteinuria 18% India Varma ,850 Urban adults 1,2,10 Albuminuria 10% egfr<60 15% by MDRD 13.1% by CKD-EPI Stage 1: 1.9% Stage 2: 4.3% Stage 3: 5.2% Stage 2:39.4% Stage 3:2.4% Stage 4/5:0.14% MDRD and CG Stage 1: 2% and 1.4% Stage 2: 2.4% and 2.2% Stage 3: 7.8% and 15.0% Stage 4/5: 0.2% MDRD and CKD-EPI Stage 1: 6.6% and 6.7% Stage 2: 5.4% and 4.3% Stage 3: 3% and 2.1% Singh ,252 1,7 MDRD egfr<60 :4.2% CG egfr<60 :13.3% Proteinuria : 2.3% Iran Hosseinpanah ,063 Urban adults 1 egfr<60 Stage 3: 99.2%
4 % Italy Ravera ,525 Adult 1 egfr<60 hypertensive 3.3% Minutolo ,630 Adults 1 egfr<60 Crude 16.2% Age-adjusted 9.3% Japan Horio ,024 Adults 4,6 egfr< 60 By J-MDRD 7.7% By J-CKD-Epi 5.4% Stage 4: 0.7% Stage 5: 0.2% Stage 2: 5.8% Stage 3: 2.2% Stage 4/5: 1.1% Break-up of stages J-MDRD and J-CKDEpi Stage 1: 31.9% and 34.1% Stage 2: 60.1% and 60.5% Stage 3: 7.5% and 5.2% Stage 4/5: 0.2% each Imai ,594 Adults 4 All CKD 12.9% Stage 1:0.6% Stage 2:1.7% Stage 3:10.4% Stage 4/5:0.2% Iseki ,019 Adults 4 egfr< % Korea Kim ,356 Urban adults 1 All CKD :13.7% Stage 1:2.0% Stage 2: 6.7% Stage 3:4.8% Stage 4:0.2% Chang ,921 Urban adults 1,11 All CKD: 7.3% Proteinuria: 5.7% Mexico
5 4 Obrador ,539 High risk adults, 90% urban Amato 22 Not mentioned Mongolia Sharma High risk 1,10,11 egfr<60 6.2% proteinuria 16.8% 3,564 Urban adults 7 egfr<60 : 35.8% 1,10,11 egfr<60 8% Proteinuria 6.2% urban adults Nepal Cravedi ,811 Rural adults 1,11 egfr<60 : 19% Proteinuria: 3.5% Stage 1: 14% Stage 2: 9% Stage 3: 3.5% Stage 4/5: 1% Stage 3: 4.2% Stage 4: 0.2% Stage 5: 0.2% Stage 3: 7% Stage 4/5: 1% Stage 3: 18.6% Stage 4/5: 0.4% Norway Hallan ,939 Adults > 20 y 1 All CKD: 10.2% Stage 1: 2.7% Stage 2: 3.2% Stage 3: 4.2% Stage 4 :0.2% Spain Buitrago yr old urban 1,7 egfr<60 MDRD: 8.3% C-G: 11.6% Stage 1: 12.8% Stage 2 : 75.6% Stage 3: 11.6% Singapore Teo ,979 Multi ethnic adults 1,3 egfr<60 MDRD: 3.7% All subjects: Normal or stage 1: 45.7%, Stage 2: 50.6%, Stage 3: 3.3% Stage 4: 0.3% Stage 5: 0.08% Chinese, MDRD v C-MDRD
6 5 Stage1:15.2% and 29.3% Stage 2: 56.8% and 19.7% Stage 3: 3% and 0.8% Stage 4: 0.2% each Taiwan Wen ,293 1 Total CKD:11.9% Stage 1:1.0% Stage 2 : 3.8% Stage 3: 6.8% Stage 4 : 0.2% Stage 5:0.1% Hsu ,409 Adults 1 egfr<60 6.9% Kuo ,365 Adults ICD-9 All CKD: 9.8% Thailand Chittinandana ,612 Urban adults (Air Force forces) Perkovic ,146 Urban and rural adults > 35 y Ong-Ajyooth ,117 Urban and rural adults>15y codes 1,11 Proteinuria 1.9% egfr<60 7.4% C-G 3.1% MDRD 1,7 All CKD: 4.5% Urban: 4.8% Rural: 5.8% In >40 y old, stage % (CG) and 16.3# Progressive increase in prevalence from urban to rural and more to less developed (MDRD) 3 All CKD: 8.5% stage 3: 8.1% stage 4: 0.2% stage 5: 0.2% Kitiyakara ,152 Urban adults 1,2,3,6, egfr<60 CKD-EPI: 12.2% MDRD: 20.2% Stage 1: 29.2% Stage 2: 65.5% Stage 3: 5.4% Stage 4/5: 0.1%
7 6 J-CKD-Epi: 37.9% C-MDRD: 5.5% T-GFR: 5.4% USA Coresh ,233 Adults 1 Stage 1: 1.8% Stage 2: 3.2% Stage 3:7.7% Stage 4:0.35% 1MDRD egfr, 2 CKD-EPI egfr, 3 Chinese and 4 Japanese modifications of MDRD equation, 5 Chinese and 6 Japanese modifications of CKD-EPI equation, 7 Cockroft and Gault equation, 8 24-h urinary creatinine clearance, 9 Serum creatinine, 10 microalbuminuria, 11dipstick proteinuria, 12 Serum creatinine, 13 Thai GFR equation
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9 8 15. Minutolo R, De Nicola L, Mazzaglia G, Postorino M, Cricelli C, Mantovani LG, et al. Detection and awareness of moderate to advanced CKD by primary care practitioners: a cross-sectional study from Italy. Am J Kidney Dis Sep;52(3): Horio M, Imai E, Yasuda Y, Watanabe T, Matsuo S. Modification of the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for Japanese: accuracy and use for population estimates. Am J Kidney Dis Jul;56(1): Imai E, Horio M, Iseki K, Yamagata K, Watanabe T, Hara S, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Japanese general population predicted by the MDRD equation modified by a Japanese coefficient. Clin Exp Nephrol Jun;11(2): Iseki K. Chronic kidney disease in Japan. Intern Med. 2008;47(8): Kim S, Lim CS, Han DC, Kim GS, Chin HJ, Kim SJ, et al. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the associated factors to CKD in urban Korea: a population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study. J Korean Med Sci Jan;24 Suppl:S Chang IH, Han JH, Myung SC, Kwak KW, Kim TH, Park SW, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in the Korean population. Nephrology (Carlton) Apr;14(3): Obrador GT, Garcia-Garcia G, Villa AR, Rubilar X, Olvera N, Ferreira E, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) Mexico and comparison with KEEP US. Kidney Int Suppl. Mar(116):S Amato D, Alvarez-Aguilar C, Castaneda-Limones R, Rodriguez E, Avila-Diaz M, Arreola F, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in an urban Mexican population. Kidney Int Suppl Aug(97):S Sharma SK, Zou H, Togtokh A, Ene-Iordache B, Carminati S, Remuzzi A, et al. Burden of CKD, proteinuria, and cardiovascular risk among Chinese, Mongolian, and Nepalese participants in the International Society of Nephrology screening programs. Am J Kidney Dis Nov;56(5): Hallan S, Astor B, Romundstad S, Aasarod K, Kvenild K, Coresh J. Association of kidney function and albuminuria with cardiovascular mortality in older vs younger individuals: The HUNT II Study. Arch Intern Med Dec 10;167(22): Teo BW, Ng ZY, Li J, Saw S, Sethi S, Lee EJ. The choice of estimating equations for glomerular filtration rate significantly affects the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a multi-ethnic population during health screening. Nephrology (Carlton) Sep;14(6): Wen CP, Cheng TY, Tsai MK, Chang YC, Chan HT, Tsai SP, et al. All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study based on adults in Taiwan. Lancet Jun 28;371(9631): Hsu CC, Hwang SJ, Wen CP, Chang HY, Chen T, Shiu RS, et al. High prevalence and low awareness of CKD in Taiwan: a study on the relationship between serum creatinine and awareness from a nationally representative survey. Am J Kidney Dis Nov;48(5): Kuo HW, Tsai SS, Tiao MM, Yang CY. Epidemiological features of CKD in Taiwan. Am J Kidney Dis Jan;49(1): Perkovic V, Cass A, Patel AA, Suriyawongpaisal P, Barzi F, Chadban S, et al. High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Thailand. Kidney Int Feb;73(4):473-9.
10 9 30. Kitiyakara C, Yamwong S, Vathesatogkit P, Chittamma A, Cheepudomwit S, Vanavanan S, et al. The impact of different GFR estimating equations on the prevalence of CKD and risk groups in a Southeast Asian cohort using the new KDIGO guidelines. BMC Nephrol. 2012;13: Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Manzi J, Kusek JW, Eggers P, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA Nov 7;298(17):
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