Validation of the OMNI-Cycle Scale of Perceived Exertion in the Elderly
|
|
- Sharon Bryant
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2011, 19, Human Kinetics, Inc. Validation of the OMNI-Cycle Scale of Perceived Exertion in the Elderly Laura Guidetti, Antonio Sgadari, Cosme F. Buzzachera, Marianna Broccatelli, Alan C. Utter, Fredric L. Goss, and Carlo Baldari This study examined the concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Cycle Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale, using elderly men and women. Seventy-six participants performed a load-incremented cycle-ergometer exercise test. Concurrent validity was determined by correlating OMNI-RPE responses with oxygen uptake, relative peak oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and respiratory-exchange ratio during a load-incremented cycle-ergometer protocol. Construct validity was established by correlating RPE derived from the OMNI-Cycle Scale with RPE from the Borg (6 20) Scale. Multilevel, mixed linear-regression models indicated that OMNI-RPE distributed as a significant (p <.05) positive linear function (r =.81.92) for all physiological measures. OMNI-RPE was positively (p <.01) and linearly related to Borg-RPE in elderly men (r =.97) and women (r =.96). This study demonstrates both concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale. These findings support the use of this scaling metric with elderly men and women to estimate RPE during cycle-ergometer exercise. Keywords: RPE, concurrent and construct validity, Borg Scale, OMNI Scale, oxygen consumption, heart rate Perceived exertion is defined as the ability to detect and respond to sensations that arise from the body during exercise (Noble & Robertson, 1996). The cognitive awareness of these sensations is considered a form of feedback in which central, peripheral, and metabolic changes occurring during exercise are integrated (Pfeiffer, Pivarnik, Womack, Reeves, & Malina, 2002). In a pioneering work, Borg (1962) developed and validated a psychophysical scale to quantify exertional perceptions associated with a wide range of exercise intensities, and, thereafter, the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale (Borg-RPE, 6 20) has been widely used in clinical settings around the world Guidetti, Buzzachera, Broccatelli, and Baldari are with the Dept. of Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy. Sgadari is with the Dept. of Gerontological, Geriatric and Physiatric Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. Utter is with the Dept. of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Goss is with the Dept. of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 214
2 The OMNI-Cycle Scale for Elderly Adults 215 (Robertson, Goss, & Metz, 1998). The Borg-RPE Scale is routinely used to quantify subjective feelings of fatigue and exercise tolerance during submaximal (Noble & Robertson, 1996) and maximal exercise (Doherty, Smith, Hughes, & Collins, 2001) and to prescribe exercise intensity for the maintenance of cardiovascular fitness in both healthy (Dishman, 1994; Dunbar & Kalinski, 2004) and diseased populations (Gutmann, Squires, & Pollock, 1981; Morrison et al., 2008). The Borg Scale has been used to measure exertional perceptions in pediatric populations (Lamb, 1995; Lamb & Eston, 1997; Pfeiffer et al., 2002). However, the use of an adult-formatted scale in this population raised a series of methodological and semantic issues (Robertson & Noble, 1997). Some children could not consistently assign numbers to words or phrases that describe exercise-related feelings, and many younger children have difficulty interpreting certain scale descriptors (Williams, Eston, & Stretch, 1991). To solve this problem, Robertson, Goss, et al. (2000) developed a scale of perceived exertion that contains both mode-specific pictorials and verbal descriptors positioned along a numerical range from 0 to 10, so that the exertional meaning of each pictorial descriptor is consonant with its verbal descriptor (p. 452). This scale was called the OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion (OMNI-RPE), and, to date, it is considered more reliable and valid than the Borg-RPE scale for use in pediatric populations (Pfeiffer et al., 2002; Robertson, Goss, et al., 2000; Utter, Robertson, Nieman, & Kang, 2002). Recent studies have demonstrated that the OMNI-RPE Scale is also valid for use in adult populations in different modes of exercise (Robertson et al., 2004; Robertson et al., 2003; Robertson, Moyna, et al., 2000; Utter et al., 2004). However, all of those studies were conducted exclusively in young-adult populations (18 32 years). Thus, the question arises whether the OMNI-RPE Scale can be used with elderly individuals. The perception of exertion can be considered a cognitive function that reflects the progressive aging process. The cognitive decline with aging (Spirduso, 1995) could decrease the ability to consistently assign numbers to words or even pictures that describe exercise-related feelings (Dunbar & Kalinski, 2004; Groslambert & Mahon, 2006; Shigematsu, Ueno, Nakagaichi, Nho, & Tanaka, 2004). Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-RPE Scale (Robertson et al., 2004) during cycleergometer exercise in elderly subjects (>60 years). Because gender may affect the way physical exertion is perceived (O Connor, Poudevigne, & Pasley, 2002; Robertson et al., 1998), validation of the OMNI Scale was carried out separately for men and women. Participants Methods Seventy-six elderly men (n = 34) and women (n = 42) volunteered as subjects. Their characteristics are presented in Table 1. Subjects underwent a preliminary physical examination conducted by a senior physician and did not present any contraindications to maximal-exercise testing. Informed, written consent was obtained from each subject. The experimental protocol was designed
3 216 Guidetti et al. Table 1 Characteristics of Elderly Men and Women and Selected Physiological Responses to Maximal Exercise, M ± SD Men (n = 34) Women (n = 42) Age (years) 69.8 ± ± 5.9 Weight (kg) 78.4 ± ± 13.6* Height (cm) ± ± 5.9* Body-mass index (kg/m 2 ) 27.0 ± ± 4.9 Oxygen uptake (ml/min) 1,990.6 ± ,448.9 ± 335.2* Carbon dioxide production (ml/min) 2,199.4 ± ,580.4 ± 340.0* Heart rate (beats/min) ± ± 12.2 Pulmonary ventilation (L/min) 79.1 ± ± 11.0* Respiratory rate (breaths/min) 39.8 ± ± 7.6 Respiratory-exchange ratio 1.12 ± ± 0.09 *p <.01 between genders. according to the Helsinki declaration and was approved by the local ethics committee. Experimental Design This study used a cross-sectional, perceptual estimation paradigm administered during a single, maximal graded-exercise test performed on a cycle ergometer. Each subject underwent one orientation and one estimation trial. All were tested in a 3-hr postprandial state and were asked not to consume alcohol or participate in physical activity during the 24 hr preceding each trial. Both concurrent and construct paradigms were used to determine validity of the OMNI-RPE Scale. A concurrent validation paradigm employs a two-variable scheme: a criterion (i.e., stimulus) variable and a concurrent (i.e., response) variable. Oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), relative maximal oxygen uptake (%VO 2peak ), pulmonary ventilation (V E ), respiratory rate, respiratory-exchange ratio, and heart rate (HR) responses to a load-incremented cycle-ergometer protocol served as criterion variables, whereas the OMNI-RPE Scale for the overall body was the concurrent variable. Evidence of concurrent validity was a significant positive correlation greater than.50 (Cohen, 1988) between criterion and concurrent variables when examined over the entire perceptual-physiological range. Construct validity was determined by correlating the OMNI Scale with the 6 20 Borg Scale (Borg, 1982). An Italian version of each scale was employed. In this paradigm, RPE was the construct variable. Given that the 6 20 Borg Scale has been considered the most common and valid perceptual scaling metric during exercise for many populations, regardless of age, this scale was the criterion metric. The OMNI Scale was the conditional metric. A significant positive correlation (i.e., r >.50; Cohen, 1988) demonstrates that the conditional metric measures the same perceptual construct as the criterion metric.
4 The OMNI-Cycle Scale for Elderly Adults 217 Anthropometric Measures Weight (nearest 0.01 kg.) and height (nearest 0.1 cm.) were measured according to the techniques described by Gordon, Chumlea, and Roche (1988). Body-mass index (kg/m) was calculated as weight/height 2. Orientation Trial During the orientation trial, subjects were familiarized with cycle-ergometer exercise testing and both of the RPE scales. The familiarization exercise test was conducted according to the protocol proposed by Wassermann, Sue, and Hansen (2004), which consisted of a 3-min warm-up stage with unloaded pedaling followed by a 1-min stage with a 20-W load. Subsequent increases in power output were made every minute. The magnitude of these increases in power output depended on subject age, gender, height, and weight and ranged from 5 to 20 W (Wassermann et al., 2004). The familiarization test was conducted until volitional fatigue was reached. Thereafter, a 5-min recovery stage with a 20-W load was carried out. Subjects were instructed regarding the use of both RPE scales immediately before the familiarization exercise test and practiced estimating overall-body RPE during the final 15 s of each stage (a more complete explanation is presented in the RPE section). Estimation Trial During the estimation trial, subjects performed a progressive incremental test on a cycle ergometer (Sensormedics, Italy) using the previously described protocol (Wassermann et al., 2004). The incremental test was terminated when the participant volitionally stopped exercise because of fatigue or shortness of breath or could not maintain the designated pedal rate for 10 consecutive seconds. A pedal rate of 60 rpm signaled by an electronic metronome was used for all stages of the exercise testing. The power output was set by an investigator at the beginning of each stage, and the subjects were masked to the actual power output. RPE derived from both scales and cardiorespiratory responses were measured throughout the exercise test (a more complete explanation is presented in the RPE and Cardiorespiratory and Aerobic Metabolic Measures sections). Although this exercise protocol involves stages that are not long enough to achieve a physiological steady state, thus reflecting perceptual responses from a transitional period, it allows measures to be obtained across the entire psychophysiological range. Moreover, because the participants in this study were elderly men and women, larger workload increments or longer test duration may have reduced the safety, as well as quality, of the maximal-exercise test (Huggett, Connelly, & Overend, 2005). Cardiorespiratory and Aerobic Metabolic Measures HR (beats/min) was recorded throughout both familiarization and progressively incremented exercise tests using a standard 12-lead ECG (Quark T12, Cosmed, Italy). V E (L/min), VO 2 (ml/min), VCO 2 (ml/min), respiratory rate (breaths/min), and respiratory-exchange ratio were measured breath by breath throughout the progressively incremented exercise test. Participants breathed through a lowresistance transducer (K4b 2, Cosmed, Italy), which had a dead space of 60 ml,
5 218 Guidetti et al. and gas-exchange parameters were calculated and displayed breath by breath after accounting for the delay between the volume and concentration signals. The volume transducer was calibrated before each test with a 3-L calibration syringe according to the manufacturer s instructions. The gas analyzers were calibrated using room air (21% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide) and a certified gas mixture (16% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide; Scott Medical Products, Plumsteadville, PA, USA) before each test. Data collected on a breath-by-breath basis were transferred to a PC for further analysis. Occasional errant breaths caused by swallowing, coughing, sighing, and so forth, which were considered not to be reflective of the underlying physiological response, were excluded. Average cardiorespiratory and aerobic metabolic responses during the final 15 s of each stage of the progressively incremented exercise test were used in the analyses. RPE An undifferentiated RPE was estimated for the overall body using both the 1982 version of the 6 20 Borg-RPE Scale and the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale (Robertson et al., 2004). A standard definition of perceived exertion (i.e., subjective intensity of effort, strain, discomfort, and fatigue felt during exercise; Noble & Robertson, 1996) and separate instructional sets for the Borg and OMNI scales were read to the subjects immediately before the orientation and estimation trials. The instructional set for the 15-category Borg scale has been published previously (Robertson, Moyna, et al., 2000). The instructions for the OMNI Scale were as follows: We would like you to ride on a bicycle ergometer. Please use the numbers on this scale to tell us how your body feels when bicycling. Look at the person at the bottom of the hill who is just starting to ride a bicycle. If you feel like this person when you are riding, the exertion will be Extremely Easy. In this case, your rating should be a zero. Now look at the person who is barely able to ride a bicycle to the top of the hill. If you feel like this person when riding, the exertion will be Extremely Hard. In this case, your rating should be a number 10. If you feel somewhere between Extremely Easy (0) and Extremely Hard (10) then give a number between 0 and 10. We will ask you to point to a number that tells how your whole body feels. Remember, there are no right or wrong numbers. Use both the pictures and words to help you select a number. Use any of the numbers to tell how you feel when riding the bicycle. (Robertson et al., 2004, p. 104) The Borg-RPE and OMNI-RPE scales were viewed separately by the subject when their respective instructional set was read. Subjects were anchored to both scales using a combination of exercise (Robertson, Moyna, et al., 2000) and memory (Robertson, Goss, et al., 2000) procedures during the orientation trial. The OMNI procedure requires a subject to cognitively establish a perceived intensity of exertion that is consonant with that depicted visually by the figure cycling at the bottom (i.e., low anchor, rating 0) and top (i.e., high anchor, rating 10) of the hill as presented in the OMNI-Scale illustrations. During the estimation trial, the Borg and OMNI scales were in full view of the subjects at all times of the progressively incremented exercise test. In a counterbalanced manner, subjects were asked to point to the number on either the Borg or the OMNI
6 The OMNI-Cycle Scale for Elderly Adults 219 scale during the final 15 s of each stage of the test that corresponded to their overall feeling of exertion. After the first RPE was obtained from either scale, within 10 s the subjects were asked to rate their perceived exertion from the alternate scale. Statistical Analysis Descriptive data for the perceptual, cardiorespiratory, and aerobic metabolic variables were expressed as M ± SD. Independent t tests were employed to examine gender differences in anthropometric variables and maximal cardiorespiratory and aerobic metabolic responses. Significance was set at p <.05. All descriptive data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Evidence for both concurrent and construct validity was determined using multilevel, linear, mixed-model analysis (MLwiN 2.19, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK), with stage and subject at Levels 1 and 2, respectively. The mixed-model analysis fits a linear trend line for each subject and does not require data for each stage, maximizing the use of the available data, so data from all stages performed by each subject were included in the analyses. When testing concurrent validity, the analysis separately regressed cardiorespiratory and aerobic metabolic variables against OMNI-RPE and Borg-RPE scales. When testing construct validity, the analysis regressed OMNI-RPE against Borg-RPE. All regression analyses were carried out separately for the men and the women. Descriptive Responses Results Listed in Table 1 are the means and standard deviations for selected maximal cardiorespiratory and aerobic metabolic responses, in addition to subject descriptive characteristics. Weight, height, VO 2, VCO 2, and V E differed between genders (p <.01). Concurrent Validity: OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale Multilevel, mixed-model analysis showed that for both elderly men and women, the RPEs from the Borg and OMNI scales distributed as significant (p <.05) positive linear functions of HR, VO 2, %VO 2peak, V E, respiratory rate, and respiratoryexchange ratio (Table 2). Construct Validity: OMNI-RPE Versus Borg-RPE Scale Multilevel, mixed-model analysis indicated that the RPEs from the OMNI Scale were positively related (p <.01) to the RPEs from the Borg Scale in both men and women (Figure 1). Discussion The pictorial format of the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale was validated using both a concurrent and a construct paradigm for elderly men and women. Validation criteria stipulated that during the progressively incremented exercise test, (a) RPE derived
7 Table 2 Association Between Measures of Borg- and OMNI-RPE Scales and Selected Cardiorespiratory Variables Men Intercept Slope r Borg OMNI Borg OMNI Borg OMNI HR (0.959) (0.785) (0.008) (0.007) VO (0.601) (0.411) (0.001) (0.000) %VO2peak (0.628) (0.433) (0.006) (0.005) VE (0.486) (0.323) (0.009) (0.007) RR (0.772) (0.597) (0.026) (0.020) RER (1.203) (1.040) (1.422) (1282) Women HR (1.262) (0.933) (0.009) (0.007) VO (0.662) (0.551) (0.001) (0.000) %VO2peak (0.734) (0.598) (0.007) (0.006) VE (0.489) (0.425) (0.009) (0.007) RR (0.803) (0.696) (0.028) (0.022) RER (1.225) (1.083) (1.173) (1.101) Note. HR = heart rate; VO2 = oxygen uptake; %VO2peak = relative peak oxygen uptake; VE = ventilation; RR = respiratory rate; RER = respiratory-exchange ratio. Parameter estimate (standard error of the estimate). p <.05 for all variables. 220
8 The OMNI-Cycle Scale for Elderly Adults 221 Figure 1 The pattern for the subjects regression lines between OMNI-RPE (y axis) and Borg-RPE (x axis) responses during the incremental cycle-ergometer protocol. In each panel the equation presents the parameter estimates and standard errors, and r is the correlation coefficient. from the OMNI Scale would distribute as a strong (r >.50) positive linear function of selected cardiorespiratory and aerobic metabolic responses for both elderly men and women and (b) RPEs derived from the OMNI and Borg scales would be strongly (r >.50) related. Concurrent Validity In a pioneering investigation, Borg (1962) employed a concurrent psychophysiological paradigm to validate a 21-category numerical-verbal scale to measure RPE. Since this initial investigation, concurrent paradigms employing selected cardiorespiratory variables as criterion measures have been accepted as a standard procedure when validating RPE category scales (Noble & Robertson, 1996; Robertson et al., 2004). In this study, RPE derived from the OMNI Scale distributed as a positive linear function of all selected cardiorespiratory variables during cycle-ergometer exercise. Validity coefficients derived from the various regression models ranged from r =.81 to r =.92. These findings of a strong positive relation between the OMNI-RPE Scale and selected cardiorespiratory variables are in agreement with the results of previous studies that used a concurrent psychophysiological paradigm to validate the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale in both youth (Robertson, Goss, et al., 2000) and adults (Robertson et al., 2004). Indeed, in a recent investigation conducted by Robertson et al. (2004) to establish concurrent validity of the adult format of the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale, a strong and linear relation was found between RPE and VO 2 and HR (r =.88 and.83, respectively, p <.01). A strong positive linear relation between RPE measured by the OMNI pictorial system and cardiorespiratory variables was not only observed during submaximal cycle-ergometer exercise but also found during different weightbearing (Utter et al., 2004; Utter et al., 2002) and non-weight-bearing (Robertson et al., 2005; Robertson et al., 2003) exercise modes in different populations.
9 222 Guidetti et al. It should be noted that this positive linear relation observed in the current study between the OMNI-RPE Scale and selected cardiorespiratory variables is consistent with Borg s effort continua model (Borg, 1962, 1982), which states that as exercise intensity increases there is a linear increase in perceptual (i.e., RPE) and physiological (i.e., VO 2, HR, V E, and respiratory rate) measures of intensity. This finding is in agreement with previous studies (Robertson, Goss, et al., 2000; Robertson et al., 2003; Utter et al., 2004; Utter et al., 2002) and indicates that the OMNI pictorial system is consistent with the assumptions of the Borg effort continua model not only for children, adolescents, and adults but also for elderly men and women. Construct Validity Construct validity of the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale was established using the 6 20 version of the Borg-RPE Scale as the criterion metric. It was hypothesized that RPE derived from the OMNI Scale would be strongly and positively correlated with the Borg Scale when perceptual estimates from both metrics were obtained during the same incremental exercise test. The findings of the current investigation supported this hypothesis, establishing construct validity of the OMNI-RPE Scale for both genders. Validity coefficients between perceptual responses obtained from the two category scales were r =.97 among elderly men and r =.96 among elderly women. These results are consistent with those of the adult version of the OMNI- Cycle Scale, in which the validity coefficients ranged from r =.85 to r =.92 for RPE overall, RPE legs, and RPE chest (Robertson et al., 2004). The comparatively high level of construct validity noted currently indicates that the OMNI-Cycle Scale measures the same exertional perceptual properties in elderly subjects as the Borg Scale during incremental exercise tests. In this manner, it might be suggested that elderly individuals may use the OMNI and Borg scales interchangeably to regulate and prescribe cycle-ergometer exercise. Moreover, the OMNI Scale is considered easier to use by subjects because the verbal descriptors are placed in juxtaposition with the pictorial descriptors, establishing a verbal-visual correspondence in exertion (Robertson et al., 2004). In conclusion, the findings of this study provide both concurrent and construct evidence supporting the use of the OMNI Scale with elderly men and women to estimate RPE during an incremental cycle-ergometer exercise test. Concurrent validity demonstrated that the RPE measured by the OMNI Scale increased in a concurrent manner with the selected cardiorespiratory and aerobic metabolic responses during the graded exercise test in elderly subjects, which is consistent with Borg s effort continua model. In addition, construct validity indicated that the OMNI-Cycle Scale measured the same perceptual construct (i.e., RPE) as a previously validated criterion scale (6 20 Borg-RPE Scale). This validity evidence broadens the scope of application of the OMNI-RPE pictorial system; that is, the use of the OMNI-Cycle Scale is possible not only among youth and adults, but it may also be extended to elderly subjects. Specifically, this is important because the elderly (a) may have a decreased ability to consistently assign numbers to words that describe exercise-related feelings, (b) are the fastest growing segment of the population in Western societies, (c) over the last decades have been increasingly engaging in regular physical activities, and (d) given the higher prevalence of chronic
10 The OMNI-Cycle Scale for Elderly Adults 223 conditions, often receive, or at least should receive, the prescription to exercise at a definite exercise intensity. Acknowledgments The authors thank all the participants for their excellent cooperation in this study. References Borg, G.A.V. (1962). Physical performance and perceived exertion. Lund, Sweden: Gleerup. Borg, G.A.V. (1982). Psychological bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(5), Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Dishman, R.K. (1994). Prescribing exercise intensity for healthy adults using perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(9), Doherty, M., Smith, P.M., Hughes, M.G., & Collins, D. (2001). Rating of perceived exertion during high-intensity treadmill running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(11), Dunbar, C.C., & Kalinski, M.I. (2004). Using RPE to regulate exercise intensity during a 20-week training program for postmenopausal women: A pilot study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99(2), Gordon, C.C., Chumlea, W.C., & Roche, A.F. (1988). Stature, recumbent length and weight. In T.G. Lohman, A.F. Roche, & R. Martorell (Eds.), Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Groslambert, A., & Mahon, A.D. (2006). Perceived exertion: Influence of age and cognitive development. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 36(11), Gutmann, M.C., Squires, R.W., & Pollock, M.L. (1981). Perceived exertion-heart rate relationship during exercise testing and training in cardiac patients. Journal of Cardiac Rehabilitation, 1(5), Huggett, D.L., Connelly, D.M., & Overend, T.J. (2005). Maximal aerobic capacity testing of older adults: A critical review. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 60(1), Lamb, K.L. (1995). Children s ratings of effort during cycle ergometry: An examination of the validity of two effort rating scales. Pediatric Exercise Science, 7(4), Lamb, K.L., & Eston, R.G. (1997). Effort perception in children. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 23(3), Morrison, E.H., Cooper, D.M., White, L.J., Larson, J., Leu, S.Y., Zaldivar, F., & Ng A.V. (2008). Ratings of perceived exertion during aerobic exercise in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(8), Noble, B.J., & Robertson, R.J. (1996). Perceived exertion. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. O Connor, P.J., Poudevigne, M.S., & Pasley, J.D. (2002). Perceived exertion to unaccustomed elbow flexor eccentric actions in women and men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Pfeiffer, K.A., Pivarnik, J.M., Womack, C.J., Reeves, M.J., & Malina, R.M. (2002). Reliability and validity of the Borg OMNI rating of perceived exertion scales in adolescent girls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(12), Robertson, R.J., Goss, F.L., Andreacci, J.L., Dube, J.J., Rutkowski, J.J., Frazee, K.M.,... Snee, B.M.. (2005). Validation of the Children s OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(5), Robertson, R.J., Goss, F.L., Boer, N.F., Peoples, J.A., Foreman, A.J., Dabayebeh, I.M.,... Thompkins, T. (2000). Children s OMNI scale of perceived exertion: Mixed gender
11 224 Guidetti et al. and race validation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2), Robertson, R.J., Goss, F.L., Dube, J., Rutkowski, J., Dupain, N., Brennan, C., & Andreacci, J. (2004). Validation of the adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for cycle ergometer exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(1), Robertson, R.J., Goss, F.L., & Metz, K.F. (1998). Perception of physical exertion during dynamic exercise: A tribute to Professor Gunnar AV Borg. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86(1), Robertson, R.J., Goss, F.L., Rutkowski, J., Lenz, B., Dixon, C., Timmer, J.,... Andreacci, J. (2003). Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(2), Robertson, R.J., Moyna, N.M., Sward, K.L., Millich, N.B., Goss, F.L., & Thompson, P.D. (2000). Gender comparison of RPE at absolute and relative physiological criteria. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(12), Robertson, R.J., & Noble, B.J. (1997). Perception of physical exertion: Methods, mediators, and applications. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 25(1), Shigematsu, R., Ueno, L.M., Nakagaichi, M., Nho, H., & Tanaka, K. (2004). Role of perceived exertion as a tool to monitor cycling exercise intensity in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 12(1), 3 9. Spirduso, W.W. (1995). Physical dimensions of aging. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Utter, A.C., Robertson, R.J., Green, J.M., Suminski, R.R., McAnulty, S.R., & Nieman, D.C. (2004). Validation of the adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for walking/running exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(10), Utter, A.C., Robertson, R.J., Nieman, D.C., & Kang, J. (2002). Children s OMNI scale of perceived exertion: Walking/running evaluation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(1), Wassermann, K., Sue, D.Y., & Hansen, J.E. (2004). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation: Including pathophysiology and clinical applications. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Williams. Williams, J.G., Eston, R.G., & Stretch, C. (1991). Use of the rating of perceived exertion to control exercise intensity in children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 3(1),
Validation of the Children s OMNI RPE Scale for Stepping Exercise
Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Validation of the Children s OMNI RPE Scale for Stepping Exercise ROBERT J. ROBERTSON, FREDRIC L. GOSS, JOSEPH L. ANDREACCI, JOHN J. DUBÉ, JASON J. RUTKOWSKI, BROOKE
Exertional Observation in Adults Performing Intermittent Treadmill Walking and Running
Original Research Exertional Observation in Adults Performing Intermittent Treadmill Walking and Running MICHAEL GALLAGHER 1,2, ROBERT J. ROBERTSON 2, FREDRIC L. GOSS 2, IRENE KANE 2,3, ELIZABETH F. NAGLE
CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF A PICTORIAL RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALE FOR BENCH STEPPING EXERCISE. Maressa Priscila Krause
CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF A PICTORIAL RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALE FOR BENCH STEPPING EXERCISE by Maressa Priscila Krause BS Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Parana, 2004 MS Physical Education,
Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation?
Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation? Marshall B. Dunning III, Ph.D., M.S. Professor of Medicine & Physiology Medical College of Wisconsin What is exercise? Physical activity
VALIDATION OF ADULT OMNI PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALES FOR ELLIPTICAL ERGOMETRY
VALIDATION OF ADULT OMNI PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALES FOR ELLIPTICAL ERGOMETRY by Ryan J. Mays BS Exercise Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 2004 MS Health and Human Performance, University
RELIABILITY OF EFFORT PRODUCTION USING THE CHILDREN S CALER AND BABE PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALES
Original Article RELIABILITY OF EFFORT PRODUCTION USING THE CHILDREN S CALER AND BABE PERCEIVED EXERTION SCALES Gaynor Parfitt 1, Pam Shepherd 2, Roger G. Eston 1 1 School of Sport and Health Sciences,
Pathophysiology Department
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE - PLOVDIV Pathophysiology Department 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd. Tel. +359 32 602311 Algorithm for interpretation of submaximal exercise tests in children S. Kostianev 1, B. Marinov
Melinda R. Bolgar. B.A., Ithaca College, M.E.S.S. & M.S., University of Florida, 2004 & Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of
EFFECT OF EXERCISE INTENSITY ON DIFFERENTIATED AND UNDIFFERENTIATED RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION DURING CYCLE AND TREADMILL EXERCISE IN RECREATIONALLY ACTIVE AND TRAINED WOMEN by Melinda R. Bolgar B.A.,
Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Samaria K. Cooper. Ball State University
Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Samaria K. Cooper Ball State University School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science Advanced Physiology 493s1 Dr. Anthony D. Mahon 6 December
Validation of the Children s OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of Perceived Exertion
Psychobiology and Behavioral Strategies Validation of the Children s OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of Perceived Exertion ROBERT J. ROBERTSON, FREDRIC L. GOSS, JOSEPH L. ANDREACCI, JOHN J. DUBÉ, JASON
THE USE OF A 10-POINT EFFORT PERCEPTION SCALE IN ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Original Article THE USE OF A 10-POINT EFFORT PERCEPTION SCALE IN ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY Raymond W. Leung 1, Tom K. Tong 2 1 Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, The City University
Comparison of the relation with muscle activity (facial and leg) between Borg- and facial pictorial-rpe scale for perceived exertion
Comparison of the relation with muscle activity (facial and leg) between Borg- and facial pictorial-rpe scale for perceived exertion Wen Ko Chiou a, Ding Hau Huang a, Bi Hui Chen b a Graduate Institute
CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT
CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT 13 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO CONSTANT-LOAD EXERCISE ON AN INCLINED STEPPER AND TREADMILL by Brian W. Rieger Dr. Shala Davis, Chairman Department of Human
Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research Official Research Journal of the Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire
Predicting Maximal Heart Rate 15 Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research Official Research Journal of the Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Volume 2 Number 1 December 2006
Preferred Exertion Across Three Common Modes of Exercise Training
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2001, 15(4), 474 479 2001 National Strength & Conditioning Association Preferred Exertion Across Three Common Modes of Exercise Training STEPHEN C. GLASS
The effects of music tempo on cycling performance. R. Appell, K. Carnes, S. Haase, C. Haia, E. Smith, K. Smith, and J. Walsh
The effects of music tempo on cycling performance R. Appell, K. Carnes, S. Haase, C. Haia, E. Smith, K. Smith, and J. Walsh Department of Exercise Science, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA 99258. Address
Upper Body Exercise Capacity in Youth With Spina Bifida
ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY, 1993.10.22-28 O 1993 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Upper Body Exercise Capacity in Youth With Spina Bifida Kenneth Coutts, Donald McKenzie, Christine Loock, Richard
Concurrent Validity of Borg s Rating of Perceived Exertion in African-American Young Adults, Employing Heart Rate as the Standard
A Peer Reviewed Publication of the College of Allied Health & Nursing at Nova Southeastern University Dedicated to allied health professional practice and education http://ijahsp.nova.edu Vol. 3 No. 1
Criterion-related validity of perceived exertion scales in healthy children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Original article Criterion-related validity of perceived exertion scales in healthy children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Iván Rodríguez, Kinesiologist, a,b,c,d Lysien Zambrano, M.D., d,e and
Chapter 26: Exercise Assessment in Special Populations
Chapter 26: Exercise Assessment in Special Populations American College of Sports Medicine. (2010). ACSM's resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (6th ed.). New York: Lippincott,
Validity of a pictorial perceived exertion scale for effort estimation and effort production during stepping exercise in adolescent children
Validity of a pictorial perceived exertion scale for effort estimation and effort production during stepping exercise in adolescent children Item Type Article Authors Yelling, Martin; Lamb, Kevin L.; Swaine,
Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise
Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise Slide Show developed by: Richard C. Krejci, Ph.D. Professor of Public Health Columbia College 3.26.13
Effects of a home-based aerobic exercise program on glycosylated. hemoglobin and the peak oxygen uptake in children and. adolescents With Type 1 DM
Effects of a home-based aerobic exercise program on glycosylated hemoglobin and the peak oxygen uptake in children and adolescents With Type 1 DM Abstract Aims and objective. To explore the effects of
COMPARISON OF OXYGEN UPTAKE KINETICS AND OXYGEN DEFICIT IN SEVERELY OVERWEIGHT AND NORMAL
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2005) 4, 430-436 http://www.jssm.org Research article COMPARISON OF OXYGEN UPTAKE KINETICS AND OXYGEN DEFICIT IN SEVERELY OVERWEIGHT AND NORMAL WEIGHT ADOLESCENT
FOLLOW-UP MEDICAL CARE OF SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Chapter 13 FOLLOW-UP MEDICAL CARE OF SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING WILLIAM ESCHENBACHER, MD* INTRODUCTION AEROBIC METABOLISM ANAEROBIC METABOLISM
Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research
Elliptical: Forward vs. Backward 25 Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research Official Research Journal of the Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Volume 2 Number 2 May 2007
Study on dynamical characteristics of electrocardiographic parameters during physical load
Study on dynamical characteristics of electrocardiographic parameters during physical load Virginija Bertašiūtė 1, Algė Daunoravičienė 2, Kristina Berškienė 3, Roza Joffe 4, Alfonsas Vainoras 5 1, 2, 3
BUFFALO CONCUSSION BIKE TEST (BCBT) INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Purpose BUFFALO CONCUSSION BIKE TEST (BCBT) INSTRUCTION MANUAL To investigate exercise tolerance in patients with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) lasting more than 2-4 weeks. The definition of
Lab Six: Maximal Exercise. Stephanie Smith. University of Otago. PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology. Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011.
Lab 6 PP4, S Smith, 1 LAB REPORT SIX Lab Six: Maximal Exercise Stephanie Smith University of Otago PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011 Lab Stream: PP4 E-mail: smitsm31@suny.oneonta.edu
Exercise Prescription Certificate Course
Exercise Prescription Certificate Course Session 2: Principles and Frameworks for Exercise Prescription Dr. Raymond CHAN Hoi-fai MBChB (DUNDEE), MSc Sports Medicine (Glasg), MScSMHS(CUHK), MSpMed (New
Metabolic Calculations
Metabolic Calculations Chapter 5 and Appendix D Importance of Metabolic Calculations It is imperative that the exercise physiologist is able to interpret test results and estimate energy expenditure. Optimizing
Mobilization and Exercise Prescription
1 Clinicians can use this job aid as a tool to guide them through mobilization and exercise prescription with patients who have cardiopulmonary conditions. Mobilization and Exercise Prescription Therapy
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript ISRN Physiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 January 31.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: ISRN Physiol. ; 2013: 756276. doi:10.1155/2013/756276. Oxygen Consumption at 30 W of Exercise Is Surrogate for Peak Oxygen Consumption
Published in: Pediatric Exercise Science. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Use of Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Monitoring Resistance Exercise in Children who are Overweight or Obese Mcguigan, M. R., Dayel, A. A., Tod, D., Foster, C., Newton, R. U., & Pettigrew, S.
Key words: cycle ergometer; 1-min step exercise protocol; ramp exercise protocol
Comparison of the Peak Exercise Response Measured by the Ramp and 1-min Step Cycle Exercise Protocols in Patients With Exertional Dyspnea* Sue M. Revill, PhD; Katy E. Beck, BSc; and Mike D. L. Morgan,
MICHAEL GALLAGHER, JR.
MICHAEL GALLAGHER, JR. University of Central Arkansas, Kinesiology and Physical Education, Farris Center 122 201 Donaghey Ave., Conway, AR 72035 Office: (501) 450-5579 Fax: (501) 450-5708 gallagherm@uca.edu
"Acute cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise and in different populations"
"Acute cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise and in different populations" Dott. Anna Baraldo Phd Course In Science of Physical Exercise and Human Movement - 24 Department of Neurological
Title : Adaptation to exercise
Title : Adaptation to exercise Teacher: Magdalena Gibas MD PhD Coll. Anatomicum, 6 Święcicki Street, Dept. of Physiology I. Exercise physiology 1. The acute and chronic responses to exercise depend upon
Richard M. Millis, 1 Vernon Bond Jr., 2 M. Sadegh Asadi, 3 Georges E. Haddad, 1 and Richard G. Adams Introduction
ISRN Physiology Volume 2013, Article ID 756276, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/756276 Research Article Oxygen Consumption at 30 W of Exercise Is Surrogate for Peak Oxygen Consumption in Evaluation
Basics of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Interpretation. Robert Kempainen, MD Hennepin County Medical Center
Basics of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Interpretation Robert Kempainen, MD Hennepin County Medical Center None Conflicts of Interest Objectives Explain what normally limits exercise Summarize basic protocol
JEPonline Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline
Optimal Duration of VO 2 max Testing 1 JEPonline Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline Official Journal of The American Society of Exercise Physiologists (ASEP) ISSN 1097-9751 An International Electronic
AEROBIC METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS This chapter begins with a description of the measurement of aerobic metabolism by direct calorimetry and spirometry and proceeds with a discussion of oxygen drift as it occurs in submaximal exercise
Correlation between Borg s Rate of Perceived Exertion and V O2max on Queens College step test in female medical students
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Online ISSN: 2349-4182, Print ISSN: 2349-5979, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.72 www.allsubjectjournal.com Volume 4; Issue 2; February 2017; Page
PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment Guidelines
PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment Guidelines PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment I. Foreword
STANDARDISATION OF PHYSIOLOGY NOMENCLATURE Rebecca Tanner, Pitre Bourdon
STANDARDISATION OF PHYSIOLOGY NOMENCLATURE Rebecca Tanner, Pitre Bourdon Introduction: In June 2004, the National Sport Science Quality Assurance Program (formerly the Laboratory Standards Assistance Scheme)
Fitting a Single-Phase Model to the Post-Exercise Changes in Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake
Fitting a Single-Phase Model to the Post-Exercise Changes in Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake R. STUPNICKI, T. GABRYŚ, U. SZMATLAN-GABRYŚ, P. TOMASZEWSKI University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland Summary
Perceptual & Motor Skills: Physical Development & Measurement 2013, 116, 2, Perceptual & Motor Skills 2013
Perceptual & Motor Skills: Physical Development & Measurement 2013, 116, 2, 505-511. Perceptual & Motor Skills 2013 A COMPARISON OF HISPANIC MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS PERFORMANCE, AND PERCEIVED AND ACTUAL
T he Chester step test (CST) was originally developed by
197 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reliability and validity of measures taken during the Chester step test to predict aerobic power and to prescribe aerobic exercise J P Buckley, J Sim, R G Eston, R Hession, R Fox...
THE EFFECT OF MODE AND INTENSITY ON VO 2 KINETICS IN THE SEVERE INTENSITY DOMAIN. Rhonda S. Updyke, B.S. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of
0 1 2 THE EFFECT OF MODE AND INTENSITY ON VO 2 KINETICS IN THE SEVERE INTENSITY DOMAIN Rhonda S. Updyke, B.S. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2000 APPROVED:
Effect of Psycho-physical Stress on the Preference of Non- Athletic Youths for Intermittent or Continuous Bench- Stepping
ISSN 1750-9823 (print) International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering Vol. 03 (2009) No. 01, pp. 022-026 Effect of Psycho-physical Stress on the Preference of Non- Athletic Youths for Intermittent
The Art and Science of Exercise Prescription in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
The Art and Science of Exercise Prescription in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Prescribe Exercise FITT Principle Frequency Intensity Time or duration Type or modality Exercise Prescription with or
THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS
THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS. REVIEW CHAPTERS 8, 9, 10, and 12 OF TEXT BOOK Homework Review; Lab 1 Review
A comparison of the visual analogue scale and modified Borg
Clinical Science ( 1989) 76,77-8 77 A comparison of the visual analogue scale and modified Borg scale for the measurement of dyspnoea during exercise RACHEL C. WILSON AND P. W. JONES Department of Medicine
BURNOUT The Overtraining Syndrome in Swimming
BURNOUT The Overtraining Syndrome in Swimming Dr Ralph Richards Introduction There are numerous terms associated with a state of poor or diminished sporting performance; burnout, staleness, chronic fatigue,
RELATIVE EXERCISE INTENSITY, HEART RATE, OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, AND CALORIC EXPENDITURE WHEN EXERCISING ON VARIOUS NON-IMPACT CARDIO TRAINERS
RELATIVE EXERCISE INTENSITY, HEART RATE, OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, AND CALORIC EXPENDITURE WHEN EXERCISING ON VARIOUS NON-IMPACT CARDIO TRAINERS Kirsten Hendrickson, B.S. John P. Porcari, Ph.D. Carl Foster,
GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism. KINE 350-C01: Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Summer 2015
GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism KINE 350-C01: Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Summer 2015 DAY/TIME: M-Th 12:30-2:45 pm LOCATION: Bull Run Hall 246 PROFESSOR:
Repeatability of measurements of oxygen consumption, heart rate and Borg's scale in men during ergometer cycling.
Repeatability of measurements of oxygen consumption, heart rate and Borg's scale in men during ergometer cycling. Wergel-Kolmert, Ulla; Wisén, Anita; Wohlfart, Björn Published in: Clinical Physiology and
Paula Radcliffe is an English marathon runner
EXCLUSIVE ACE SPONSORED RESEARCH Validity of the Talk Test in Identifying the Respiratory Compensation Threshold By Maria L. Cress, M.S., John P. Porcari, Ph.D., Carl Foster, Ph.D., Pedro Recalde, M.S.,
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) Evaluation Report
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) Evaluation Report Name: Sally Alpha Date: Test 1 November 29, 2015 Test 2 November 30, 2015 Findings: Sally Alpha demonstrates poor functional capacity and early onset
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter discussed and interpreted the results of the study presented in the previous chapters. It is concluded in three parts. The first part
Title. Author(s)YANO, T.; OGATA, H.; MATSUURA, R.; ARIMITSU, T.; YUN. CitationPhysiological Research, 56: Issue Date Doc URL.
Title Comparison of Oxygen Uptake at the Onset of Decremen Author(s)YANO, T; OGATA, H; MATSUURA, R; ARIMITSU, T; YUN CitationPhysiological Research, 56: 169-174 Issue Date 27 Doc URL http://hdlhandlenet/2115/51987
Impact of Direction of Unloading Influence on Template Rate of Perceived Exertion
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU All PTHMS Faculty Publications Physical Therapy & Human Movement Science 4-2017 Impact of Direction of Unloading Influence on Template Rate of Perceived Exertion
14 Week Deep Water Exercise Program Improves Components of Fitness Rosie Barretta, PhD
1 Background 14 Week Deep Water Exercise Program Improves Components of Fitness Rosie Barretta, PhD This study was conducted as a doctoral dissertation at the University of New Mexico in 1993; and, later
Temporal (time related) aspects of job design the main concern is fatigue: over worked, over stressed etc., rest is required for recovery.
Temporal Ergonomics Temporal (time related) aspects of job design the main concern is fatigue: over worked, over stressed etc., rest is required for recovery. Fatigue is associated with (1) Gradual decrement
MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance
MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance Presented by Coaching and Sports Science Division of the United States Olympic Committee Revised July 2004 MAXIMAL AEROBIC
SPORTS OXYSHOT RESEARCH BULLETIN IN THIS ISSUE 1. More work at the lactate threshold 2. Pb s in training 3. Crossover benefits for triathletes 4. 33 minutes slashed from Foster Ironman? 5. Hard work pays
Judgment of perceived exertion by static and dynamic facial expression
Judgment of perceived exertion by static and dynamic facial expression Ding Hau Huang a, Wen Ko Chiou a, Bi Hui Chen b a Graduate Institute of Business and Management, College of Management, Chung Gung
The Work Rate Corresponding to Ventilatory Threshold During Steady-State and Ramp Exercise
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2006;1:222-232 2006 Human Kinetics, Inc. The Work Rate Corresponding to Ventilatory Threshold During Steady-State and Ramp Exercise Oliver Faude,
DIFFERENCE IN MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE (VO 2 max) DETERMINED BY INCREMENTAL AND RAMP TESTS
STUDIES IN PHYSICAL CULTURE AND TOURISM Vol. 17, No. 2, 2010 MIŁOSZ CZUBA, ADAM ZAJĄC, JAROSŁAW CHOLEWA, STANISŁAW POPRZĘCKI, ROBERT ROCZNIOK The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice,
Subject: Assessment of Functional Capacity Melanie Elliott-Eller RN MSN Lee Lipsenthal MD February 2011
Subject: Assessment of Functional Capacity Melanie Elliott-Eller RN MSN Lee Lipsenthal MD February 2011 The Dr. Dean Ornish Program for Reversing Heart Disease has historically required a maximal exercise
SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TESTING: ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESS IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION
SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TESTING: ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESS IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION Dr Saari MohamadYatim M.D Rehabilitation Physician Hospital Serdang APCCRC, Hong Kong, 6-9 Nov 2014
A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Different Resistance Training Techniques in the Squat Exercise
A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Different Resistance Training Techniques in the Squat Exercise Alison Egan Faculty Sponsor: Mike McGuigan, Department of Exercise and Sport Science ABSTRACT The purpose
A New Mathematical Method for the Estimation of Aerobic Threshold in Sports Physiology
Journal of Advanced Sport Technology 1(3):28-34 Received: May 22, 2018; Accepted: July 8, 2018 Original Research A New Mathematical Method for the Estimation of Aerobic Threshold in Sports Physiology Marefat
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Ashley Wagner, Sochi 2014 www.gotceleb.com Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP Adjunct Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota http://saliterman.umn.edu/ Aerobic (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
How Far Did Wii Run? Nintendo s Wii Fit Overestimates Distance Shayna Moratt*, Carmen B Swain The Ohio State University Education and Human Ecology
How Far Did Wii Run? Nintendo s Wii Fit Overestimates Distance Shayna Moratt*, Carmen B Swain The Ohio State University Education and Human Ecology March 12, 2012 Abstract Exergaming (performing exercise
Effects of Recuperat-ion in the recovering period after intensive efforts
Effects of Recuperat-ion in the recovering period after intensive efforts Balius R. 1, Estruch A. 1, Parra J. 2, Rodas G. 1,2 1Competitive Sports Efficiency Studies Centre, (CEARE), Direcció General de
INTERPRETING FITNESSGRAM RESULTS
CHAPTER 9 INTERPRETING FITNESSGRAM RESULTS FITNESSGRAM uses criterion-referenced standards to evaluate fitness performance. These standards have been established to represent a level of fitness that offers
Key words: computer administration; continuous method for rating breathlessness; exercise testing
Comparison of Continuous and Discrete Measurements of Dyspnea During Exercise in Patients With COPD and Normal Subjects* Gustavo Fierro-Carrion, MD; Donald A. Mahler, MD, FCCP; Joseph Ward, RCPT; and John
MAXIMAL oxygen uptake (VO2max), also known as
Journal of Gerontology: MEDICAL SCIENCES 2005, Vol. 60A, No. 1, 57 66 Copyright 2005 by The Gerontological Society of America Review Article Maximal Aerobic Capacity Testing of Older Adults: A Critical
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-LA CROSSE. Graduate Studies COMPARISON OF THE RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (RPE) AND
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-LA CROSSE Graduate Studies COMPARISON OF THE RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (RPE) AND CATEGORY-RATIO (CR-10) SCALES DURING INCREMENTAL EXERCISE A Manuscript Style Thesis Submitted
Effect of different intensities of aerobic training on vital capacity of middle aged obese men
ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 2 Number 8 (August-2014) pp. 85-90 www.ijcrar.com Effect of different intensities of aerobic training on vital capacity of middle aged obese men M.Muralikrishna and P.V. Shelvam*
Comparison of Perceived Exertion While Exercising at the Same Intensity on Land and Aquatic Treadmills
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Honors Research Projects The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College Spring 2017 Comparison of Perceived Exertion While Exercising at the Same Intensity
The Energy Expenditure and Relative Exercise Intensity of Pound
The Energy Expenditure and Relative Exercise Intensity of Pound BY ABIGAIL RYSKEY, B.S., JOHN P. PORCARI, PH.D., KIMBERLEY RADTKE, M.S., SUSAN BRAMWELL, M.S., AND CARL FOSTER, PH.D., WITH DANIEL J. GREEN
Physiological Responses to Exercise on Different Models of the Concept II Rowing Ergometer
Original Investigations International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2007, 2, 360-370 2007 Human Kinetics, Inc. Physiological Responses to Exercise on Different Models of the Concept II
Cardiovascular response to intermittent high intensity double- and single-legged cycling
Cardiovascular response to intermittent high intensity double- and single-legged cycling Miss Nicole Gordon 2013 i This thesis is submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
PREDICTION OF MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2MAX) USING BICYCLE ERGOMETER AMONG MALES AND FEMALES IN GSL STUDENTS
PREDICTION OF MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2MAX) USING BICYCLE ERGOMETER AMONG MALES AND FEMALES IN GSL STUDENTS *Sudhir Modala 1, Pankaj Kumar Singh 2, Sugunakar M. 3 and Pradeep Kumar B.J. 1 Department
Unchanged Muscle Deoxygenation Heterogeneity During Bicycle Exercise After 6 Weeks of Endurance Training
Unchanged Muscle Deoxygenation Heterogeneity During Bicycle Exercise After 6 Weeks of Endurance Training Ryotaro Kime, Masatsugu Niwayama, Masako Fujioka, Kiyoshi Shiroishi, Takuya Osawa, Kousuke Shimomura,
Effect of Training Mode on Post-Exercise Heart Rate Recovery of Trained Cyclists
Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School Undergraduate Library Research Award ULRA Awards Effect of Training Mode on Post-Exercise Heart Rate Recovery of Trained Cyclists Kelia
Testing Clinical Implications
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Clinical Implications Dr Sahajal Dhooria Outline Basic concepts Case studies Recent advances in clinical applications of CPET Basic Concepts Exercise Any physical activity
Exercise Progression for the Cardiac, Pulmonary & PAD Patient
Exercise Progression for the Cardiac, Pulmonary & PAD Patient Thomas P. Mahady MS CSCS CCRP Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack Meridian Health Learning Objectives The Art of Exercise Prescription.
Relative Heart Rate, Heart Rate Reserve, and Vo 2 During Submaximal Exercise in the Elderly
Journal of Gerontology: MEDICAL SCIENCES 1996. Vol. 5IA. No. 4, MI65-MI71 Copyright 1996 by The Gerontological Society of America Relative Heart Rate, Heart Rate Reserve, and Vo 2 During Submaximal Exercise
PERCEIVED EXERTION AS AN EXERCISE INTENSITY INDICATOR IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS ON
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2004) 3 (YISI ), 23-27 http://www.jssm.org Young Investigator Special Issue Research article PERCEIVED EXERTION AS AN EXERCISE INTENSITY INDICATOR IN CHRONIC HEART
Comparison of Metabolic Cart with Douglas Bags and Computerised Metabolic Cart. By [Donny Malin]
Comparison of Metabolic Cart with Douglas Bags and Computerised Metabolic Cart By [Donny Malin] Metabolic Cart i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to pay my whole hearted gratitude to my project supervisor
Perceived exertion is defined as the act of detecting
Perceived Exertion in Fatiguing Illness: Civilians with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome DANE B. COOK 1,2, PAUL R. NAGELKIRK 1,2, ARNOLD PECKERMAN 1,2, ASHOK POLURI 2, JOHN J. LAMANCA 2,3, and BENJAMIN H. NATELSON
Peak and submaximal physiologic responses following electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer training
NI%, VZN, Department Veterans Affairs Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development Vol. 32 No. 4, November 1995 Pages 361 366 Peak and submaximal physiologic responses following electrical stimulation
Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic
Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic equipment Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic,
A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENDURANCE IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS BY USING TWO DIFFERENT TRAINING METHODS ALONG WITH PRANAYAMA:
A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENDURANCE IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS BY USING TWO DIFFERENT TRAINING METHODS ALONG WITH PRANAYAMA: INTRODUCTION: Training: The word Training has been a part of human language
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Adolescents
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Adolescents Pau Redon, PhD Cardiovascular Risk Unit Hospital General Universitario University of Valencia CIBERObn Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Prologue
Name: Nicholas F. Boér, PhD, MPH PhD 2001, MPH Telephone: Office (423) , C (423) H (423)
Name: Nicholas F. Boér, PhD, MPH PhD 2001, MPH - 2000 Telephone: Office (423) 425-4173, C (423) 653-5823 H (423) 499-1167 Email: Current employment: Education: Nicholas-Boer@utc.edu University of Tennessee