Infection Prevention and Control Induction Program. GRICG May 2015

Transcription

1 Infection Prevention and Control Induction Program GRICG May 2015

2 What is an infection? An infection occurs when invading microorganisms cause ill health Viruses Bacteria Fungi Parasites Prions Pain, tenderness, swelling, redness, pus fever

3 Microbial Reservoirs Microbes can survive in many environments On or in people, as normal flora On or in people who have infections On or in animals as normal flora or infections Contaminated food or fluids Contaminated articles Contaminated environment

4 Three Elements of Infection Transmission. Elderly person Healthcare worker Visitor Hands Equipment Food Water Person Object Food Water

5 Methods of Reducing the Spread of Infection Successful infection prevention and control involves implementing work practices that prevent transmission of infectious agents through a two-tiered approach: Standard Precautions Transmission-Based Precautions

6 Tier One Standard Precautions Routine infection control measures to be used at all times for all patient care

7 Standard Precautions Hand hygiene Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette Personal protective equipment Use of aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT) Appropriate reprocessing of reusable items/single use Appropriate handling and disposal of sharps Use of environmental controls Appropriate waste management Appropriate handling of linen

8 Tier Two Transmission Based Precautions.

9 Infection Transmission Contact Transmission 1. Direct contact with another person can transmit their microbes to you hands, injection or ingestion 2. Indirect contact is when a third person or an article transmits the microbes from one person to another equipment or environment

10 Infection Transmission Droplet transmission occurs when large respiratory droplets (which travel less than 1 metre), are coughed onto someone else Airborne transmission occurs when fine spray is coughed into the air (can travel suspended in air more than 1 metre) Special Disease Event: All 3 modes of transmission. A special disease event is an infectious disease of high consequence such as a pandemic or large outbreak commencing outside or within Australia involving a virus or bacteria currently not endemic in Australia. Instructions for PPE requirements will be given at the time of this event.

11 Transmission Based Precautions Single room with ensuite Cohorting if single room not available and dedicated toilet Special ventilation requirements Additional use of protective equipment Rostering of immune HCWs to care for infectious patients Dedicated patient equipment Restricted movement of patients and HCWs

12 Transmission Based Precautions

13 Transmission Based Precautions Table Notes

14 Precaution Signage.

15 Standard Precautions Hand hygiene Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette Personal protective equipment Use of aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT) Appropriate reprocessing of reusable items/single use Appropriate handling and disposal of sharps Use of environmental controls Appropriate waste management Appropriate handling of linen These are discussed individually on the next slides

16 Hand Hygiene Staff hands are the most common vehicle for infection transmission Own resident hand flora Transient hand flora organisms picked up from contact with persons or articles Infectious hand conditions dermatitis, paronychia

17 Hand Hygiene Refers To: Hand washing using soap/skin cleanser Decontamination using alcohol hand rub Decontamination using 4% Chlorhexidine Alcohol/ Chlorhexidine Hand rub

18 Alcohol Hand Rubs Improve hand hygiene compliance Kill bacteria on hands more readily Cause less skin irritations and dryness Decrease patient infection rates when used before and after every patient contact

19 Online Learning Packages Available Standard Medical Nursing/Midwifery Allied health Non Clinical Student Health Practitioners

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21 Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette 1 If you cough or sneeze cover your mouth with a tissue 2 Dispose of soiled tissue in the rubbish bin 3 If you do not have a tissue cough or sneeze into the inside of your arm 4 Clean your hands afterwards

22 Personal Protective Equipment

23 Gloves, Gowns, Masks, Eyewear Special Disease Event additional double gloves, knee high shoe covers, face shield and hood

24 Glove Use Used when contact with body fluids is anticipated Single use must be discarded after patient contact Must wash hands after removal of gloves

25 Mask Use Single use item Use when splash with body fluids is anticipated N95/P2 for airborne diseases Replace when moist Dispose of directly into waste bin Danger Zone for Absorption Eyes Nose Mouth

26 PPE for Standard Precautions The PPE used in standard precautions are used alone or in combination and include: aprons and gowns surgical masks protective eyewear (goggles or face shields), and gloves.

27 Sequence for putting on PPE The sequence for putting on PPE is as follows: 1. perform hand hygiene 2. put on gown or apron 3. put on surgical mask 4. apply protective eyewear such as goggles or face shield, and lastly 5. apply gloves.

28 Sequence for removing PPE The sequence for removing PPE is as follows: 1. remove gloves 2. perform hand hygiene 3. remove protective eyewear such as goggles or face shield 4. remove gown or apron 5. Perform hand hygiene 6. remove surgical mask, and lastly 7. perform hand hygiene again.

29 Aseptic Technique

30 Aseptic Technique Risk Assessment

31 Aseptic Technique in Practice

32 Single Use Policy Any items marked by manufacturer as single use should be discarded after use Single use vials or ampoules must be used wherever these are available Multi dose vials must only be used on the same patient then discarded Items marked Single Patient Use must only be re-used on same patient then discarded

33 Safe Handling of Sharps Always use safety devices when they are available Use appropriate sharps containers Discard used sharps immediately Do not pass sharps by hand between HCWs Avoid recapping needles Do not force sharps into container Do not over-fill sharps containers Segregate correctly

34 Environmental Cleaning Deposits of dust, soil and microbes on surfaces are a potential source of infection Neutral detergent used for routine cleaning Disinfectants may be required in some situations gastro, MROs All cleaning equipment should be stored dry Surfaces should be cleaned regularly and immediately following blood and body fluid spills

35 Blood and Body Substance Spills Don personal protective equipment Confine and contain the spill Treat waste as infectious Clean spill site according to hospital policy Carpet clean with neutral detergent and arrange carpet cleaner as soon as possible INFECTIOUS WASTE Use a chlorine based disinfectant as directed by your hospital policy

36 Waste Management Waste should be segregated at point of generation Place clinical waste in yellow containers or bags bearing biohazard symbol Do not over fill bags or containers Do not compact by hand Follow relevant jurisdiction legislation, guidelines or codes of practice.

37 Linen Management Do not over fill bags (3/4 full) No sharps into soiled linen Prevent seepage Use gloves to handle moist linen

38 Food Hygiene Food safety training required Hand washing, glove use Regular cleaning of serving and storage areas Pest and dust control Date and cover prepared food in fridge Maintain safe food temperatures Hot food - >60 o C Cold food - <5 o C

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40 Occupational Exposure First aid immediate washing of area Eye splashes rinse thoroughly Report incident promptly Evaluation of exposure Follow-up action, counselling Blood tests if required Ensure full documentation of incident

41 Staff Health Good personal hygiene Seek prompt diagnosis and treatment of personal illness (away for 48 hours - gastro) Staff immunisation Hepatitis B Influenza MMR Pertussis Varicella zoster

42 Take Care.. of yourself and your patients Questions or Queries? Infection Control Phone Number:..