Injury Learners MUST KNOW R A G Prevention of injury in physical activity

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1 Please do the following 1. Read the Learners must know section (see below) 2. Watch the GCSE POD video 3. Attempt Exam Questions 4. Mark your answers 5. Reflect and repeat until you are successful and understand all specification requirements GCSE POD: Injury Learners MUST KNOW R A G Prevention of injury in physical activity. Understand how the risk of injury in physical activity and sport can be minimised and be able to apply examples for the following Personal protective equipment Correct clothing/footwear Appropriate level of competition Lifting and carrying equipment safely Prevention of injury in Sport settings Use of warm up and cool down. Know the potential hazards in a range of physical activities and sports settings. You need to apply examples for Sports Hall Fitness Centre Playing Field Artificial outdoors areas Swimming pool OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 1 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

2 Physical Education (9-1) Injury Rafferty Gunn OCR ExamBuilder process constraints mean you may see slight differences between this paper and the original. Duration: Not set Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator may be used in this paper. OCR supplied materials: Additional resources may be supplied with this paper. Other materials required: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) Candidate forename Candidate surname Centre number Candidate number INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil or an asterisk. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 29. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 2 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

3 Answer all the questions. 1. Describe four potential hazards when playing on an outdoor tennis court. 1) 2) 3) 4) [4] 2. Give a practical example of a cool down activity and explain why a cool down is important after exercise. [4] OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 3 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

4 3. Which one of the following is an example of minimising risks in a leisure centre gymnasium? (a) Let someone else work on the equipment after 20 minutes (b) Always work at maximum effort (c) Wear a brightly coloured top when training (d) Store the weights away when you have finished [1] 4. Describe four examples of different personal protective equipment used in named physical activities. 1) 2) 3) 4) [4] 5. Describe two potential hazards that might be found in an artificial outdoor area and suggest a way to reduce the risk of each hazard. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 4 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

5 Hazard Way to reduce risk Hazard Way to reduce risk [4] 6. Using a practical example, explain one way correct footwear can minimise the risk of injury in sport or physical activity. [1] 7. Which of the following is not a potential hazard to a performer? (a) A faulty piece of apparatus in gymnastics (b) Concussion in a football game (c) A high level of chlorine in a swimming pool (d) Dog faeces on a rugby pitch [1] 8. Give one example of personal protective equipment that will help prevent injury in a physical activity. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 5 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

6 [1] 9. Complete Table 2 below by using an example to explain how a performer can minimise injury by lifting and carrying heavy sports equipment safely in a fitness centre. Table 2 Prevention of injury Example of how risk of injury can be minimised Lifting and carrying equipment safely [1] 10. Which one of the following is an example of reducing risks and injuries during physical activities? (a) Always trying your best in an activity (b) Wearing a mouth guard in hockey (c) Playing to win at all times (d) Shaking hands with your opponents after the game [1] 11. Which one of the following is a hazard in a swimming pool? (a) Concussion of a swimmer after diving in (b) Lockers for your clothes and valuables are broken (c) Too much chlorine in the water (d) Cutting your foot on the way into the pool [1] 12. Using practical examples, explain how you might reduce the risk of injury when performing physical activities outdoors. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 6 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

7 [6] END OF QUESTION PAPER OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 7 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

8 Mark scheme Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance The rain makes the court slippy is pt 3 not pt 9 Four marks for four from: because it is the slippy court that is the hazard 1. Litter / glass / debris on the court / dog / animal faeces / leaves 2. Discarded tennis balls / rackets / equipment 3. Slippy surface / wet / icy surface It is raining on its own = pt 9 (because rain can be a hazard on its own) 4. Uneven ground / surface / holes 1 5. Hard surface / unforgiving surface 6. Tennis posts / netting / umpire stand / faulty equipment 4 Examiner s Comments 7. Surrounding fence / fence posts 8. Other people / players / officials / members of the public 9. Weather / heat / sun / cold / rain / wind 10. Inappropriate footwear / untied shoelaces Most candidates recognised some of the potential hazards of playing on an outdoor tennis court. Some candidates did not identify hazards associated with this type of facility while others identified injuries rather than hazards for example concussion if you fall over on court. The best candidates ensured that they had identified four clearly different hazards to score the full marks. Total 4 Four marks for four from: Sub max of one mark for practical example 1. A pulse-lowering exercise or an exercise that shows a decrease in activity eg (slow) jogging or (steady) swimming or a stretching / flexibility exercise Accept for points 7, 8, 9 slowly for gradually or maintain elevated levels of or regulates Accept prevents for point 3 and 4 (BOD) Sub max three marks for importance Do not accept to relax muscles under point 4 2. To (speed up) removal or get rid of lactic acid or waste products / helps repay oxygen debt Examiner s Comments 2 3. Decreases risk of injury or pulling a muscle [4] In this question most candidates could give an appropriate example of a cool-down activity after exercise 4. Decreases risk of (muscle) soreness / pain or but many did not explain fully enough the importance of a stiffness or tightening / DOMS cool-down activity. Many simply stated that the heat rate slows or body temperature decreases; but these 5. Prevent blood pooling responses take place when exercise ceases even without a cool-down. The important aspect of the cool-down, as 6. Prevent feeling tired or fatigued identified by the better candidates, is that these responses occur gradually or slowly as a result of the 7. Gradually decrease heart rate / blood pressure cool-down activity. / maintain blood pressure 8. Gradually decrease body temperature OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 8 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

9 9. Gradually decrease breathing rate 10. To stop you feeling dizzy or faint or sick 11. Psychological benefits or makes you calm down or lower anxiety Total 4 3 D 1 Accept any relevant examples for personal protective equipment Each example must be linked to an activity eg 4 marks for 4 from: helmet for cricket Do not accept helmet for cricket and helmet for 4 1. Shin pads in football / hockey etc 2. Leg guards in cricket / hockey goalkeeper etc 3. Helmets in cricket / hockey / cycling / water polo hats etc 4. Cricket box / protector 5. Body armour / shoulder pads in martial arts / back brace for horse riding / hockey 4 hockey (must be different equipment) Do not accept footwear Do not accept clothing (on its own) Do not accept strapping Do not accept high viz vest Do not accept stop button on jogging machine (not personal). goalkeeper etc 6. Kickers in hockey goalkeeper etc 7. Mouth guard in rugby 8. Facemasks in hockey Examiner s Comments 9. Elbow / knee pads in mountain biking 10. Goggles for Swimming or skiing 11. Gloves for horse riding / boxing. Most candidates recognised several examples of personal protective equipment. The question asked for different examples and so could only use once a piece of equipment such as a helmet. Some candidates gave examples of life-saving equipment which is not classed as personal protection. The vast majority scored well for this question. Total 4 Four marks for four from: 2 marks max for description of hazards 2 marks max for ways to reduce risk of each 1. The (artificial) surface or unforgiving or hard surface or synthetic surface hazard described If hazard incorrect then description of reducing 2. Reduce risk by wearing (the right trainers) or warning people of the hazard or other hazard is incorrect Accept alternative appropriate ways of protective clothing reducing the risks posed by hazards 5 3. Uneven / broken / holes / badly maintained [4] Do not accept: not wearing the correct surface 4. Reduce by regular maintenance or checking 5. Surface slippery or frozen or wet equipment / clothing Do not accept: objects, spectators (Vg) Accept: surrounding hazard using cones for pt. 6. Reduce by wearing (the right) trainers or mopping up water and reducing the slippiness 4,6,8,10. Do not accept: stop the activity or call the game or (if frozen) leave to melt / dry or check the off area or cover the area OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 9 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

10 7. Litter or (broken) glass / plastic or debris / syringes or rocks / stones /sticks / branches on surface 8. Reduce by regular cleaning / clearing up or the provision of litter bins or ban glass from area or regular checks 9. Animal faeces on surface or animals / dogs 10. Reduce by banning animals / dog walking or by clearing the mess up or by ensuring dogs are on a lead or shutting gates 11. Poorly maintained equipment or poor lighting 12. Reduce by regular maintenance or checking 13. Equipment / goalposts / corner posts or improperly housed / stored equipment or floodlight (poles) or fences 14. Reduce by regular maintenance or checking or by using protection on equipment or putting away / store unwanted equipment 15. Footwear 16. Reduce by wearing the correct / suitable footwear or by wearing footwear in good condition 17. Electrical equipment 18. Reduce by regular maintenance or checking or protective housing 19. Crowded area / too many people / other participants 20. Reduce by limiting the size of the crowd or through health and safety measures or by having strict rules of behaviour or through use of barriers or by having stewards (to control) 21. Weather or examples of poor weather or sunlight or lightning 22. Reduce by appropriate clothing or using sunscreen or go indoors Examiner s Comments Most candidates could describe two potential hazards, although some confused hazard with injury. For example, instead of describing the hazard of the surface of the artificial outdoor area being wet, some candidates described the performer slipping over and actually describing the injury. Most candidates wrote about relevant ways to reduce the risk posed by their named hazard. Total 4 One mark for: 1. can stop you slipping over e.g. spikes in athletics 2. prevent blisters when performing if well-fitting 6 e.g. for endurance events 3. protection from impact e.g. toe protectors in cricket boots 1 1 x (AO2) Only accept if a suitable practical example 4. provides stability and support for foot and / or ankle e.g. basketball boots 5. absorbs the impact e.g. cushioned soles for road running OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 10 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

11 7 b. [1] 1 mark from: Do not accept: 8 Wearing shin pads in football or hockey / using a gumshield in boxing or rugby / wearing a scrumcap in 1 1 x (AO1) Reference to protective equipment e.g. post protectors in rugby rugby / helmet for cycling (other suitable examples of personal protective equipment) Reference to general clothing / football boots 1 mark from: 9 1. Keep the load close to the waist for as long as possible while lifting to reduce the amount of pressure on the back / keep the heaviest side of the load next to the body 2. Adopt a stable position / Your feet should be apart with one leg slightly forward to maintain balance 3. Don t bend your back when lifting / avoid twisting your back or turning sideways when lifting 4. Get assistance when moving the item if it is too heavy or too large. 1 1 x (AO2) 10 b. Wearing a mouth guard in hockey [1] 11 c. Too much chlorine in the water [1] Six marks total. Content Levels of Response Indicative content Possible situations that could be referred to are: Differentiating between levels look for: Levels marked question 12 Outdoor swimming pool Playing field Artificial outdoor area Court areas Outdoor adventurous areas Practical examples of reducing risks might include: 1. Activity supervised qualified instructor / go with someone else [6] Level 1 (1-2 marks): - Description rather than explanation - Very narrow range of strategies with little or no development - Only one Level 1 (1-2 marks) Candidates describes only very superficially. Little or attempt at explanation. There is little or no use of technical vocabulary and OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 11 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

12 codes of behaviour 2. Correct clothing footwear / shoes / properly fastened clothing / fits well 3. Personal protective equipment / the right equipment Gum shield / helmet etc. 4. Risk assessment Follow health and safety procedures Follow rules / no jewellery Remove litter / leaves / faeces 5. Check equipment for faults Regular maintenance 6. Take the climate / weather / environment / surfaces into account (when planning / continuing) / keep track of where you are appropriate pitch or surface 7. Activities suitable for the age / ability / experience of the participants 8. Lift and carry equipment correctly 9. Exercise / compete at appropriate level or fitness don t overdo it 10. Warm up / cool down stretching exercises 11. Use correct technique / skills 12. Take telephone tell someone where you are going 13. Cover any cuts / abrasions with a plaster Carry first aid equipment or have a first aider or qualified person on hand situation or environment referred to, if at all with superficial or incorrect examples Level 2 (3-4 marks): - Some explanation - Some different strategies with some development points - At least two different situations or environs included for mostly good practical examples Level 3 (5-6 marks): - Points are developed / expanded - Clear explanations - Different situations or environs included (prob 3+)for excellent practical examples Examiners: Always indicate sentences have limited coherence and structure. There is much irrelevant material. Errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling may be noticeable and intrusive. Level 2 (3-4 marks) Candidates make some attempt at explanation with good knowledge and understanding. Material largely relevant. There is some use of technical vocabulary and sentences for the most part are relevant and are coherent. There are occasional errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling. Level 3 (5-6 marks) Candidates make many explained and developed points. Candidate demonstrates excellent knowledge and understanding of the factors involved. Candidate gives relevant material OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 12 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

13 the level at the end of the response Bullet points indicate possible development points but could be stand-alone knowledge points Give credit to practical examples if they exemplify indicative content points Use EG annotation when examples given that is clearly structured and using appropriate terminology and technical vocabulary. There are few if any errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling Examiner s Comments This question included the variables of an explanation of reducing risks, outdoor activities and practical examples. Those candidates who read the question carefully and addressed each of these variables did well. Those who reached the top level, gave a variety of examples of how to reduce the risk of injuries, for example protective clothing / equipment, checking equipment and the correct use of a warm up. These good candidates developed each point to state how each might reduce the risk and gave different practical examples. The weaker candidates gave scant information or did not address each of the variables stated in the question. This question also assesses the quality of written communication and some candidates struggled to express themselves clearly and accurately whilst some simply wrote notes which lacked fluency and development. Total 6 OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 13 of 13 Created in ExamBuilder

Preventing injury in physical activity and training Preventing injury. Learners MUST KNOW R A G

Preventing injury in physical activity and training Preventing injury. Learners MUST KNOW R A G Please do the following 1. Read the Learners must know section (see below) 2. Watch the GCSE POD video 3. Attempt Exam Questions 4. Mark your answers 5. Reflect and repeat until you are successful and