Bell Work What does cultural diversity mean to you? Can you think of a culture different from yours that you have had an interaction with. What was di

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2 Bell Work What does cultural diversity mean to you? Can you think of a culture different from yours that you have had an interaction with. What was different about it?

3 Standards 4) Evaluate factors that contribute to effective communication and explain how these factors contribute to the development of quality patient care. Using role-play, demonstrate practices to effectively manage communication barriers, cultural differences and clients with special needs. 5) Differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communication when interacting with patients. Examine specific techniques for effective communication and evaluate how different cultures attach different meanings to communication techniques.

4 Objectives Define and differentiate between culture, ethnicity, and race. Evaluate how different cultures attach meanings to various communication techniques. Consider how healthcare professionals may respond to patients with differing religious beliefs and practices.

5 Culture Set of values, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a group of people Learned and shared Dynamic and changing What is an example of how cultures change?

6 Ethnicity Classification of people based on national origin Examples: African American, Asian American, European American, Hispanic American, Middle Eastern/Arabic American, Native American

7 Race Classification of people based on physical or biological characteristics Involves multiple cultures and ethnic groups

8 Cultural Diversity Differences based on cultural, ethnic, and racial factors Must be considered when providing health care Healthcare providers must recognize and appreciate the characteristics of all patients

9 Areas of Cultural Diversity Family organization Language Personal space Touching Eye contact Gestures Health care beliefs Spirituality Religion

10 Cultural Diversity Impacts Beliefs about such things as: Birth Death Health Illness Health Care

11 Important Terms related to Cultural Diversity Ethnocentrism: assumption of cultural superiority Oppression: result of ethnocentrism Stereotyping: the belief that all members of a cultural group act alike Dominant culture: prevailing group within a given society Minority group: those of fewer numbers Cultural assimilation: the absorption of the minority into the dominant culture Acculturation: cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture.

12 Other Components of Cultural Diversity Culture is composed of beliefs about: Activity - how people organize and value work. Social relations - structure of friendships, gender roles and class. Motivation - the value and methods of achievement. Perception of the world - interpretation of life events and religious beliefs. Perception of self - refers to personal identity, value, and respect for individuals.

13 Characteristics of Cultural Diversity Culture is learned Culture is not inherited or innate, but integrated throughout all interrelated components Culture is shared by all who belong to the cultural group Culture is tacit (unspoken) and understood by all in the cultural group Culture is dynamic If you were born in Fiji or Russia, do you think you would behave, think, and feel, the same as you do now as an American?

14 Cultural & Health Care How different cultures view the following variables affects health care in significant ways. Definition of health: what is it? Etiology: what are the origins of disease? Do some people believe all disease comes from bacteria, viruses, etc.? Where? Health Promotion and Protection: how is health achieved and maintained? Practitioners and Remedies: who and what can heal a person?

15 Cultural Roots Unlike opinions, preferences, and attitudes, which can change, cultural characteristics are deeply rooted and difficult to change. Clients reflect their cultural and ethnic heritage every time they interact with the world around them.

16 Cultural & Racial Influences on Client Care Culture and race influence client care in the areas of: Communication Orientation to Space and Time Social Organization Religion

17 Communication Language differences can lead to misunderstandings and frustration. Alternative methods of communication, such as flash cards and gestures, may have to be used. Family members or staff interpreters may also be necessary to intercede.

18 Orientation to Space and Time Issues around personal space and future orientation vary from culture to culture and impact the effective delivery of health care. This involves proximity or how close a person is to another

19 Social Organization Social organization refers to how different cultural groups determine rules of acceptable behavior. Examples include: Family Structure. (Who s the boss or leader? Who is the oldest?) Gender Roles. Religion.

20 Religion Culture is influenced by religion, which in turn affects beliefs and practices about health and illness. Spiritual and religious beliefs are important in many people s lives. They can influence lifestyle, attitudes, and feelings about illness and death.

21 Client Cultural Assessment Six categories of information necessary for a comprehensive cultural assessment of a client are: Ethnic or racial background. Language and communication patterns. Cultural values and norms. Biocultural (environmental) factors. Religious beliefs and practices. Health beliefs and practices.

22 Culturally Appropriate Care Respect clients for their different beliefs. Be sensitive to behaviors and practices different from your own. Accommodate differences if they are not detrimental to health. Listen for cues in the client s conversation that relay a unique ethnic belief about etiology, transmission, prevention, etc. Teach positive health habits if client s practices are deleterious to good health.

23 Group Activity: Religious Beliefs and Practices _points.html Click on the link. As a group read through the points to consider about the 7 religious groups. Make a diagram depicting the belief or practice, the challenge it might bring to the hospital setting, and the possible response to respect the patient. I will model the first one with you.

24 Bell Work Take 10 minutes to work on Cultural Diversity Diagrams

25 Standards 4) Evaluate factors that contribute to effective communication and explain how these factors contribute to the development of quality patient care. Using role-play, demonstrate practices to effectively manage communication barriers, cultural differences and clients with special needs. 5) Differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communication when interacting with patients. Examine specific techniques for effective communication and evaluate how different cultures attach different meanings to communication techniques.

26 Objectives Define cultural competence and distinguish this concept from cultural diversity. Explore ways we can practice cultural competence through a group research project.

27 What is cultural competence? The willingness and ability to effectively interact with people from diverse cultures and backgrounds. Just because I know that Muslim s practice the religion of Islam, does that mean I am competent in my ability to effectively communicate with a Muslim? Example: fasting, prayer It takes more than knowing facts about a culture to be ability to communicate, interact, and maneuver within that culture.

28 Cultural Competence Video with guided notes This video is about 25 minutes long! Follow along with the guided notes and fill in the blank. At the end of the guided notes, you will be prompted to describe your own culture in 7-10 sentences. You will turn this worksheet in.

29 Are first impressions always accurate? Where are these individuals from? Where do they live?

30 What is the definition of culture again? Values, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors and customs unique to a group of people and are passed from one generation to another.

31 The sub-culture of church/religious group. Religious groups render their own culture! This is my church family. Sometimes these are even closer bonds than blood family.

32 The sub-culture of the military. The Army has its own values.

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34 The sub-culture of healthcare. On the job, we come from all different walks of life, religions, beliefs, values cultures and form our own!!! We have our own language! Our own sense of time, space, urgency, and motivation! We have a common goal and purpose!

35 Cultural Diversity Group Project You and your partner will be assigned THREE countries to research. Use the link on the class website to guide your thoughts on what to present in the PPT.

36 Exit Ticket What is the difference between culture, ethnicity, and race? Can a person have the same ethnicity and race, but have a different culture? What are three examples of what makes cultures diverse from each other? What is the importance of understanding different cultures to the healthcare professional?