REPORT ON ENSILING EXPERIMENT WITH PRE-WILTED PERENNIAL RYEGRASS, LEGUMINOSAE and MIXTURES OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND LEGUMINOSAE with EM Silage

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1 Departement Biotechnologische Wetenschappen, Landschapsbeheer en Landbouw Proefhoeve Bottelare Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare Tel. 09/ Fax. 09/ REPORT ON ENSILING EXPERIMENT WITH PRE-WILTED PERENNIAL RYEGRASS, LEGUMINOSAE and MIXTURES OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND LEGUMINOSAE with EM Silage - 12 /01/ 2006 author : Ing. J. Latré, lector collaboration of : Ing. K. Dewitte, Ing. T. Stoop and Dr. Ir. L. Decombel For: EM Agriton BVBA, Weststraat 55/ Roeselare (tel. : 051/727773, fax. :051/727774) info@agriton.be contactpersoon : ir. J. Degraeve

2 1. Material en methods The lupines for the ensilage were harvested on Wednesday 11 may The plant material was collected the next day. The ensiling happened on Thursday 13 may The botanical composition, dry matter content en sugar content of the ensiled material are displayed in table 1. Remarkably was the low dry matter content of the red clover. Before ensiling, the plant material was chopped to pieces of approximately 10.5 cm with a forage harvester-chopper (New Holland, Fig. 1). Figure 1 : Pre-treatment of the ensilage material with forage harvester-chopper Figure 2 : Microsilo Table 1 : Botanical composition, dry matter content en sugar content of ensiled material. Object Botanical composition (%) %DM %WSC* clover luzerne Grass Rest /ads Red clover Lucerne Red clover + Perennial Ryegrass Lucerne + Perennial ryegrass White clover + Perennial ryegrass Perennial ryegrass* Perennial ryegrass was used from a fertilizing level of 100N because the 0N-level was not available because of too much impurities *%WSC water soluble carbohydrates

3 Every treatment consisted of 5 microsilos (Fig. 2) with a volume of 2.75 l/microsilo. The ensilage material was pressed using a pneumatic pump. The densities of the silage depended on the crop used due to the variation in dry matter content. The additive did not significantly influence the density of the silage, fermented from the same crop material Table 2 : silage densities in kg/m³ Crop Control EM Silage Lucerne + Perennial ryegrass Red clover + Perennial ryegrass Lucerne White clover + Perennial ryegrass Red clover Perennial ryegrass Pcrop <0.01 Padditive NS The ensiling was terminated (=desiling) on 4 july 2005 after an incubation period of 52 days. For each sample several parameters were estimated: -weight dynamics of the silage in regard to gas and dry matter losses (Van Bockstaele, 1978). - absolute dry matter losses: comparison of the dry matter content of the ensiled material with the DM% of the silage in the microsilos. -organic acids: acetic acid, lactic acid en butyric (in cooperation with Centre Provincial de l agriculture et de la Ruralité La Hulpe) -Silage evaluation according to Flieg..(in cooperation with Centre Provincial de l agriculture et de la Ruralité La Hulpe) -Nutritional value of the silage (mixtures of the microsilos) based on the cellulase digestion (method De Boever). The VEM-value (energy), gdve and goeb (protein) were determined in cooperation with Dr. Ir. J. De Boever (DDV). The data concerning dry matter losses, dry matter content and fermentation characteristics were statistical evaluated with an one-way anova. 2. Results 2.1. Percentage fresh weight and absolute dry matter losses The fresh weight losses during the ensiling period. The the results can not be generalized. For example, the losses with red clover are lower with EM-silage in contrast with perennial ryegrass + red clover silos where the losses were larger with EM silage. With the other crops no significant differences were noticed. Weight dynamics of the dry matter should also be recognized. Table 3 illustrates the evolution in dry matter content of the roughage at ensiling and at desiling. The dry matter content increased slightly with red clover in contrast with the other crops were a decrease was observed. Differences in DM% were observed between the control and the silage with additive for perennial ryegrass + white clover and perennial ryegrass. Nevertheless, this difference was negligible with absolute data. The results concerning dry matter losses are ambiguous. For example, the dry matter losses with perennial ryegrass + red clover and perennial ryegrass are significant higher with EM-ensilage. In contrast, application of EM-silage on red

4 clover and perennial ryegrass+white clover resulted in significant lower losses. However, the results in absolute dry matter losses are influenced by the dry matter content of the starting material, which was not evaluated for each micro-silo (practically impossible). Consequently, the results should be handled with care Mixture Lucerne- Perennial ryegrass Ensiling losses % 1.40 % weight loss LUC+PerRy control LUC+PerRy EM sil 0.20 Figure 3 : Ensiling losses (% on fresh weight) during the ensiling process of Perennial ryegrass + Lucerne Perennial ryegrass + Red Clover ensiling losses % 2.00 % weight loss PerRy+RCl control PerRy+RCl EM sil Figure 4 : Ensiling losses (% on fresh weight) during the ensiling process of perennial ryegrass + red clover

5 Lucerne - Ensiling losses% % weight loss LUC control LUC EM sil Figure 5 : Ensiling losses (% on fresh weight) during the ensiling process of lucerne Red Clover - ensiling losses % 2.00 weight loss % RCl control RCl EM sil Figure 6 : Ensiling losses (% on fresh weight) during the ensiling process of red clover

6 Perennial ryegrass+ White Clover weight loss % PerRy+WCl control PerRy+WCl EM sil Figure 7 : Ensiling losses (% on fresh weight) during the ensiling process of perennial ryegrass + white clover Perennial ryegrass - ensiling losses % % weight loss PerRy control PerRy EM sil Figure 8: Ensiling losses (% on fresh weight) during the ensiling process of perennial ryegrass 2.2. Fermentation characteristics There were no significant differences in the pattern of fatty acids due to the use of EM silage, except with Lucerne + perennial ryegrass and red clover. The Flieg-quotation, based on this pattern remarks a significantly beter value of the red clover silage with EM-Silage. The ammonia-fraction is significantly lower for perennial ryegrass+white clover and perennial ryegrass due to the use of EM-silage, also noticed in a beter protein-conservation. In the other crops, no significant differences were observed. The global value for conservation (FLIEG) was significantly beter for the micro-silages from red clover and perennial ryegrass with EM-silage.

7 Table 3 : Fermentation characteristics at desiling of the micro-silos with or without the use of EM-silage gewas DM% at ensiling Treatment ph %NH3 Total protein/kg dry matter Dry matter/kg fresh weight at desiling Acetic acid (% on resh weight) Butyric acid (% on fresh weight) Lactic acid ( % on fresh weight) Acetic acid (% of total acid) Butyric acid (% of total acid) Lactic acid (% of total acid) Flieg points Ammonia Nitrogen /total nitrogen % Protein conservation Global appreciation Absolute DM-losses (%) Lucerne Control E Perennial Ryegrass EM Silage anova NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Perennial Ryegrass Control Red Clover 31.4 EM Silage anova NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * Lucerne 31.1 Control EM Silage anova NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Perennial ryegrass Control White clover EM Silage anova * NS NS *** NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ** * NS ** Red Clover 23.8 Control EM Silage anova *** ** NS NS NS NS ** NS NS NS * NS NS * * Perennial Ryegrass 31.8 Control EM Silage anova NS *** NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS *** *** ** * *,**,*** = there is a significant difference on the level of P<0.05 of P<0.01 or P<1 or with 95%, 99% en 99.9% certitude, NS = no significant differences

8 2.3. Feeding value of the desiled material (Table 4) No statistical analysis was possible due to the fact that feeding value was determined on mix samples, Differences in digestibility (cellulase), VEM-energy value, gdve (g. digestible protein in the small intestine and goeb (g. balance of degradable protein) were small. There is no explanation for the higher protein level for lucerne with EM-Silage, in fact, the ammonia fraction was higher what explains also a higher OEB. The better conservation characteristics of red clover with EM-silage are reflected in a better evaluation of the feeding value. Table 4: Evaluation of the feeding value of the desiled roughages DM* Ash CF* RP* RF* Cellos. VEM gdve goeb Crop Silage- % (% op /DS) %* /kg DM /kg DM /kg DM additive (op OM) Lucerne+ controle Perennial ryegrass EM Silage Perennial ryegrass + controle Red Clover EM Silage Lucerne controle EM Silage Perennial ryegrass+ controle White Clover EM Silage Red Clover controle EM Silage Perennial Ryegrass controle EM Silage CF= crude fibre, RP= raw protein, RF= raw fibre,dm=dry matter Cellos.% : digestibility cellulase (% of organic matter) VEM = 378-9,22 ash + 8,536 Cellos (R² = 81%; RSD = 47 VEM/kg DS) (De Boever et al., 1999) DVE = ,54 DM + 0,86 RP (R² = 54%; RSD = 4 g/kg DM) (De Boever et al., 2004) OEB = ,81 RP - 0,72 DM (R² = 98%; 4 g/kg DM) (De Boever et al., 2004) Literature : VAN BOCKSTAELE E.J., BEHAEGHE T.J., DE BAETS A., Quality, losses, intake and secondary fermentation of formaldehyde and folmaldehyde-formic acid treated silages. 7 th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Gent. Pp