STATE OF CONNECTICUT ETHICS BOARD NONE ARTHREX INC ARTHREX INC

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1 Rationale, Biomechanics,Early Results after Superior Capsular Reconstruction Augustus D Mazzocca MS, MD Director of the New England Musculoskeletal Institute Chairman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Grey-Gossling Endowed Chair Professor Shoulder and Elbow Surgery mazzocca@uchc.edu USA The following relationships exist and have been fully disclosed and approved by the STATE OF CONNECTICUT ETHICS BOARD 1.Royalties and stock options-none 2.Consulting income-arthrex INC 3.Research and educational support ARTHREX INC 4.Other support-educational and Research grants from OREF, Donaghue Foundation COMITTEES LEADERSHIP Program Chairman for the 2014 AOSSM International Sports Medicine Meeting Research Committee of the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) 2010 to Present Continuing Education Committee of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) 2009 to Present Founder and Executive Committee Member of the New England Shoulder and Elbow Society (NESES) 2003 to Present Thanks to Adams CR, Cote MP, Dyrna F, Voss A, Obopilwe E, Apostolakos JM, Hirose T, Beitzel K, Romeo AA, Imhoff A, Porcellini G, Cerciello S, Spoliti M, Imhoff F, Scheiderer B, Shea KP, Steinman S, Morikawa D, & Arciero RA 1

2 Failed Rotator Cuff Repair (RCR) Algorithm Confirmed by MRI Arthrogram SYMPTOMATIC Pain with activity Night Pain & Awakening Weakness Loss of ROM ASYMPTOMATIC No pain Full ROM Happy Offer Operative Intervention Non-retracted tears No X-Ray changes Good muscle/tendon quality Proximal migration on X-ray >70 years with massive RC tear Horrible pain at rest Observe at 1 year intervals with repeat MRI Arthrogram Arthroscopic Revision RCR Reverse Ball and Socket > 1 primary RCR Young patient with retracted tear Changes on X-Ray SCR VS Allograft & bone marrow Chris Adams Indications based on the Hamada scale Active patients Minimal Arthritis, Pain, Low Hamada classification 76% success Hamada I and II-Selective Indications Avoid SCR if Subscap Garde III atrophy Burkhart 115 SCR with 2 failures 40 MRI at 1 year (82% healed graft) 9/10 patients reversed pseudoparalysis Use 3 anchors on the Glenoid side (Denard) Spacing and stay medial near base of coracoid Hamada Classification 2

3 Hamada Stage 4 0% Success Hamada Stage 3 33% Success Hamada Stage 2 69% Success Hamada Stage 1 82% Success Slide Courtesy of Dr CR Adams 2018 Preliminary Results of Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction with Dermal Allograft. Fifty-nine patients with a mean age of 62.0 years had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Twenty-five patients (42.4%) had a prior rotator cuff repair. The AHI was 6.6 mm at baseline and improved to 7.6 mm at 2 weeks postoperatively but decreased to 6.7 mm at final follow-up. Based on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, 45% (9 of 20) of the grafts demonstrated complete healing. Forty-six (74.6%) cases were considered a success. Eleven patients (18.6%) underwent a revision procedure including 7 (12%) reverse shoulder arthroplasties. Denard et al 2018 Arthroscopy Evolution of SCR Cases Nov Present What have we learned clinically Patients Date of Surgery Overall Outcome 1 11/10/2015 Failed Revised to Reverse 5/10/ /17/2015 Failed Revised to Reverse 7/27/ /2/2016 Failed Revised to Reverse 5/3/ /9/2016 Weakness Rated at no more than 5lbs lifting 5 3/1/2016 Success because patient has no pain 6 3/29/2016 Success Patient has gone back to sports activities with some weakness 3 x 3.0 suturtak used on the glenoid 3 x 4.5 corkscrews used on glenoid due to suturtak pullout 7 3/29/2016 Failed Revised to Reverse 1/11/ /14/2016 Failed Patient is holding off on surgery 9 2/7/2017 Failed Revising to RTSA 10 5/9/2017 Patient Doing Well 11 5/16/2017 Patient Doing Well 12 7/25/2017 Patient Doing Well Started tying Aflex graft in 45º of abduction 13 8/1/2017 Patient Doing Well 14 8/22/2017 Patient Doing Well 15 10/18/2017 Patient Doing Well 16 12/5/2017 Patient Doing Well 3

4 2018 Dr Chris Adams Lessons Learned Patient selection is important no advanced arthritis The Larger the tear the worse outcomes Subscap needs to be intact Remove the superior labrum Make it tight-abduction critical-leave more graft lateral if nervous Very elastic graft Thicker Graft better Go Slow-Suture management-make sure not crossed Protect the graph (Slower Rehab) Consider Internal brace Superior Capsular Reconstruction Research How can we do better Part I Simulating Native Shoulder Motion 4

5 Native Shoulder Motion under Fluoroscopy restrained Scapula - Scapula Motion 70 Abduction. Native Shoulder Motion simulated with the UCONN Shoulder Simulator The bigger the tear the less motion 5

6 Simulated Rotator Cuff Tears results in reduction of Range of Motion NATIVE SSP TEAR MASSIVE TEAR Limited Range of Motion in Rotator Cuff Tear Simulations correspond to Superior Migration of Humeral Head and engaging of Greater Tuberosity with lateral acromion edge Dynamic Superior migration Fixed Superior migration SSP TEAR MASSIVE TEAR The bigger the tear the more force it takes for the deltoid 6

7 Worst Case Scenario Massive 3 Tendon Tear results in highest Deltoid Forces needed to Abduct the Arm Max Combined Force Native Massive Tear SCR increases motion and decreased force required by the deltoid Abduction Deltoid Force (N) Required at each Condition NATIVE Massive Tear Delt Only Delt + Cuff Delt Only Delt + Cuff SCR Loose SCR LOOSE SCR Tight SCR TIGHT 7

8 Simulated influence of Cuff tendon tears on maximum abduction angle N=9 90 As tight as you can, preserve Cuff! Abduction Angle ( ) Delt Only Delt + Cuff Delt Only Delt +Cuff Native + Cuff Massive Tear SCR Loose SCR Tight X-Ray Videos of Loose vs. Tight Tension SCR Same Specimen LOOSE GRAFT SCR PARTIAL ABDUCTION TIGHT GRAFT SCR FULL ABDUCTION SCR graft needs to be tight- Measure and fix in an abduction Shoulder angle of degrees 8

9 Supraspinatus tendon intact SCR 6 mm patch Ideas why a thicker patch works better 1. Spacer function increased acromio-humeral distance 2. Dual layer has a higher stiffness In combination both factors provide a more optimal humeral center of rotation 2018 SCR Take Home Facts 1. If Chronic Subscap Tear SCR not as successful 2. Hamada Class 1 and 2 indication for SCR, 3 use caution, 4 and 5 opt for Reverse 3. Measure and Fix graft with Shoulder in degrees of Motion 4. If you are going to Error make sure the patch is tighter not lose 5. A thicker patch has improved biomechanics but needs clinical evaluation 9

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