CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems"

Transcription

1 CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems Compare Chap 31 of Purves et al., 5e Chap 24 of Bear et al., 3e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook University and ~lw 11/12,19,21/13 Lect22,24,25 Memory Systems 1

2 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain 3e Chapter 24: Memory Systems Slide 2

3 Introduction Learning and remembering distinguishes naïve from mature brain Relationship between visual development and learning Similar mechanisms in different cortical areas Memories range from stated facts to ingrained motor patterns Anatomy: Several memory systems Evident from brain lesions Slide 3

4 Types of Memory and Amnesia Learning Acquisition of new information Memory Retention of learned information The way information is stored may change over time Declarative memory (explicit) Facts and events Nondeclarative memory (implicit) Procedural memory- skills, habits, behaviors Slide 4

5 Types of Long-Term Memory Slide 5

6 Types of Memory and Amnesia Amnesia Amnesia: Serious loss of memory and/or ability to learn Causes: Concussion, chronic alcoholism, encephalitis, brain tumor, or stroke Common amnesia: Limited amnesia Dissociated amnesia: Amnesia, no other cognitive deficit (rare) Slide 6

7 Types of Memory and Amnesia Amnesia (Cont d) Memory loss related to time Retrograde amnesia Forget things you already knew Anterograde amnesia Inability to form new memories Transient global amnesia: Shorter period Symptoms: Disoriented, ask same questions repeatedly; Attacks subside in couple of hours; Permanent memory gap Slide 7

8 The Search for the Engram Lashley s Studies of Maze Learning in Rats Figure 24.4 Engram: memory trace Slide 8

9 The Search for the Engram Hebb and the Cell Assembly External events are represented by cortical cells Cells reciprocally interconnected reverberation Active neurons cell assembly Consolidation by growth process Fire together, wire together Hebb and the engram Widely distributed among linked cells in the assembly Could involve neurons involved in sensation and perception Slide 9

10 The Search for the Engram Slide 10

11 The Search for the Engram Localization of Declarative Memories in the Neocortex Experiments macaque monkeys Differentiate objects based on shapes Lesion made in area IT Cannot discriminate Does not remember stimulus Studies in humans Slide 11

12 Slide 12

13 The Search for the Engram Electrical Stimulation of the Human Temporal Lobes Penfield s experiments Electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe Complex sensations Penfield s patients: Sensations like hallucinations, recall past experiences Temporal lobe: Role in memory storage Temporal lobe stimulation Different from stimulation of other areas of neocortex Slide 13

14 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Temporal Lobectomy => Retrograde Amnesia Slide 14

15 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Medial Temporal Lobes and Memory Processing Slide 15

16 Medial Temporal Lobes and Memory Processing The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory DNMS: Delayed non-match to sample Medial temporal structures: Important for consolidation of memory to form long-term memories Slide 16

17 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Medial Temporal Lobes and Memory Processing Medial temporal structures: Important for consolidation of memory Slide 17

18 The Diencephalon and Memory Processing The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Diencephalon: Brain regions associated with memory and amnesia (outside the temporal lobe) Slide 18

19 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory The Diencephalon and Memory Processing Korsakoff s Syndrome Symptoms: Confusion, confabulations, severe memory impairment, and apathy Alcoholics: Develop thiamin deficiency Leads to symptoms: Abnormal eye movements, loss of coordination, tremors Treatment: Supplemental thiamin Thiamin deficiency: Structural brain damage Slide 19

20 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Memory Functions of the Hippocampus Declarative memory processing or consolidation Long-term memory consolidation => recognition Slide 20

21 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Memory Functions of the Hippocampus Role of the medial temporal lobes (rhinal cortex) Declarative memory processing or consolidation Hippocampal lesions: hard to learn efficient path Slide 21

22 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Memory Functions of the Hippocampus Morris Water Maze: Learn Where Platform Is Bilateral hippocampal lesions block learning Slide 22

23 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Memory Functions of the Hippocampus Spatial Memory and Place Cells Slide 23

24 Memory Functions of the Hippocampus The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Spatial Navigation in Humans Slide 24

25 The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory Memory Functions of the Hippocampus Spatial, Working, and Relational Memories Relational memory Highly processed sensory information Comes into hippocampus and nearby cortex Figure Spatial Navigation Alternative theories of navigation by (a) a spatial map or (b) a series of overlapping relations. Slide 25

26 The Striatum and Procedural (Habit) Memory Two elements of basal ganglia Striatum Caudate nucleus Putamen Figure Rodent Recordings and Lesions in the Striatum Lesions to striatum: Disrupts procedural memory Damaged hippocampal system: Degraded performance on standard maze task Lesion in striatum: Impaired performance of the lighted maze arms task; Double dissociation Slide 26

27 The Striatum and Procedural (Habit) Memory Habit Learning in Rodent Striatum Slide 27

28 The Striatum and Procedural (Habit) Memory Habit Learning in Humans and Nonhuman Primates Human striatum plays role in procedural memory Parkinson s destroys substantia nigra, the main input to the striatum Slide 28

29 The Neocortex and Working Memory The Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory Primates have a large frontal lobe Function of prefrontal cortex: self-awareness, capacity for planning and problem solving Slide 29

30 The Neocortex and Working Memory The Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory II MRI: Imaging Working Memory in the Human Brain Many areas in prefrontal cortex are involved Slide 30

31 The Neocortex and Working Memory The Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory III Humans with prefontal cortex (PFC) damage very slowly discover a newly changed card sorting rule Figure The Wisconsin card-sorting test. Subjects must sort cards with symbols of various shapes, colors, and numbers, but are not told the sorting rule. They are told only when they do not sort a card properly. They must discover the sorting rule. When they do, the rule is changed. Subjects with PFC injuries keep using a previously correct rule long after the sorting rule has changed. Slide 31

32 The Neocortex and Working Memory Lateral Intraparietal Cortex (LIP) and Working Memory Area LIP: Guiding eye movements Delayed-saccade task Slide 32

33 Concluding Remarks Learning and memory Occur throughout the brain Memories Duration, kind of information stored, and brain structures involved Distinct types of memory Different types of amnesia Multiple brain systems for memory storage Engrams in temporal lobe neocortex Physiological basis? Long-term memories: structural basis? Slide 33

Systems Neuroscience November 29, Memory

Systems Neuroscience November 29, Memory Systems Neuroscience November 29, 2016 Memory Gabriela Michel http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html Forms of memory Different types of learning & memory rely on different brain structures

More information

Chapter 23: Wiring the Brain

Chapter 23: Wiring the Brain Chapter 23: Wiring the Brain Introduction Operation of the brain Precise interconnections among 100 billion neurons Brain development Begins as a tube Neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pathway formation, connections

More information

Memory. Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith

Memory. Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith Memory Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith Note: Due to copyright restrictions, I had to remove the images from the Weschler Memory Scales from the slides I posted online. Wechsler Memory Scales

More information

Serial model. Amnesia. Amnesia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras. Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia

Serial model. Amnesia. Amnesia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras. Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Serial model Memory terminology based on information processing models e.g., Serial Model Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia

More information

More dendritic spines, changes in shapes of dendritic spines More NT released by presynaptic membrane

More dendritic spines, changes in shapes of dendritic spines More NT released by presynaptic membrane LEARNING AND MEMORY (p.1) You are your learning and memory! (see movie Total Recall) L&M, two sides of the same coin learning refers more to the acquisition of new information & brain circuits (storage)

More information

Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II

Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Procedural Memory

More information

Learning and Memory. The Case of H.M.

Learning and Memory. The Case of H.M. Learning and Memory Learning deals with how experience changes the brain Memory refers to how these changes are stored and later reactivated The Case of H.M. H.M. suffered from severe, intractable epilepsy

More information

Ch 8. Learning and Memory

Ch 8. Learning and Memory Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence

More information

Learning & memory. Phenomenon:

Learning & memory. Phenomenon: Learning & memory Phenomenon: 9/11/2001 Where were you on the following day? Your 10th birthday? What did you do? Do you remember when you had an accident? How did it happen? Can you remember a Skill you

More information

Why do we have a hippocampus? Short-term memory and consolidation

Why do we have a hippocampus? Short-term memory and consolidation Why do we have a hippocampus? Short-term memory and consolidation So far we have talked about the hippocampus and: -coding of spatial locations in rats -declarative (explicit) memory -experimental evidence

More information

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Declarative memory conscious,

More information

Ch 8. Learning and Memory

Ch 8. Learning and Memory Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence

More information

Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - -

Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - - BRAIN PLASTICITY Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - - Recently, it was found that new neurons and glial cells are born in specific brain regions - reorganization. Brain plasticity occurs

More information

BRAIN PLASTICITY. Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - -

BRAIN PLASTICITY. Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - - BRAIN PLASTICITY Neuroplasticity:. Happens in at least 3 ways: - - - Recently, it was found that new neurons and glial cells are born in specific brain regions - reorganization. Brain plasticity occurs

More information

Theories of memory. Memory & brain Cellular bases of learning & memory. Epileptic patient Temporal lobectomy Amnesia

Theories of memory. Memory & brain Cellular bases of learning & memory. Epileptic patient Temporal lobectomy Amnesia Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Theories of Sensory, short-term & long-term memories Memory & brain Cellular bases

More information

Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 7: Large-Scale Brain Area Functional Organization

Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 7: Large-Scale Brain Area Functional Organization Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 7: Large-Scale Brain Area Functional Organization 1 7.1 Overview This chapter aims to provide a framework for modeling cognitive phenomena based

More information

Cellular Neurobiology BIPN140

Cellular Neurobiology BIPN140 Cellular Neurobiology BIPN140 Second midterm is next Tuesday!! Covers lectures 7-12 (Synaptic transmission, NT & receptors, intracellular signaling & synaptic plasticity). Review session is on Monday (Nov

More information

The Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes 3/2/2011. Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions. Readings: KW Ch.

The Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes 3/2/2011. Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions. Readings: KW Ch. The Frontal Lobes Readings: KW Ch. 16 Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions E.L. Highly organized college professor Became disorganized, showed little emotion, and began to miss deadlines Scores on intelligence

More information

memory Examples: Obama is president, PSYC 2 is in Price Center Theater, my 21st birthday was a disaster

memory Examples: Obama is president, PSYC 2 is in Price Center Theater, my 21st birthday was a disaster PSYC 2: Biological Foundations - Fall 2012 - Professor Claffey Notes: Cognition 2 Version: 11/18/12 - original version Memory Classifications A note on memory classifications Definitions developed from

More information

10/24/2017. Medial Temporal Lobes. Autobiographical Memory. Episodic and Semantic Memory. Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D.

10/24/2017. Medial Temporal Lobes. Autobiographical Memory. Episodic and Semantic Memory. Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Medial Temporal Lobes Henry Molaison (HM) (1926-2008) Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Consequences of bilateral removal Episodic and Semantic Memory Endel Tulving on Declarative (Explicit) Memories Autobiographical

More information

Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D.

Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Medial Temporal Lobes Henry Molaison (HM) (1926-2008) Consequences of bilateral removal Episodic and Semantic Memory Endel Tulving on Declarative (Explicit) Memories Episodic Memory

More information

THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND

THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD How did I get here? What did I do? Start driving home after work Aware when you left

More information

Memory Disorders. 1. Episodic: memory for time and places. 2. Semantic: memory for facts and knowledge (language, numbers, etc).

Memory Disorders. 1. Episodic: memory for time and places. 2. Semantic: memory for facts and knowledge (language, numbers, etc). I. Types of memory: A. Declarative memory: Memory Disorders 1. Episodic: memory for time and places. 2. Semantic: memory for facts and knowledge (language, numbers, etc). B. Procedural memory: - examples:

More information

Systems Neuroscience CISC 3250

Systems Neuroscience CISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience CISC 325 Memory Types of Memory Declarative Non-declarative Episodic Semantic Professor Daniel Leeds dleeds@fordham.edu JMH 328A Hippocampus (MTL) Cerebral cortex Basal ganglia Motor

More information

Lecture 35 Association Cortices and Hemispheric Asymmetries -- M. Goldberg

Lecture 35 Association Cortices and Hemispheric Asymmetries -- M. Goldberg Lecture 35 Association Cortices and Hemispheric Asymmetries -- M. Goldberg The concept that different parts of the brain did different things started with Spurzheim and Gall, whose phrenology became quite

More information

Psychology 320: Topics in Physiological Psychology Lecture Exam 2: March 19th, 2003

Psychology 320: Topics in Physiological Psychology Lecture Exam 2: March 19th, 2003 Psychology 320: Topics in Physiological Psychology Lecture Exam 2: March 19th, 2003 Name: Student #: BEFORE YOU BEGIN!!! 1) Count the number of pages in your exam. The exam is 8 pages long; if you do not

More information

Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory

Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Types and Structure of Memory Types of Memory Type of Memory Time Course Capacity Conscious Awareness Mechanism of Loss Sensory Short-Term and Working Long-Term Nondeclarative

More information

Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review

Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html n Learning and Memory n Human Communication n Emotion 1 What is memory? n Working Memory:

More information

Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.

Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Definitions Learning: The acquisition of an altered behavioral response due to an environmental

More information

CASE 49. What type of memory is available for conscious retrieval? Which part of the brain stores semantic (factual) memories?

CASE 49. What type of memory is available for conscious retrieval? Which part of the brain stores semantic (factual) memories? CASE 49 A 43-year-old woman is brought to her primary care physician by her family because of concerns about her forgetfulness. The patient has a history of Down syndrome but no other medical problems.

More information

Limbic system outline

Limbic system outline Limbic system outline 1 Introduction 4 The amygdala and emotion -history - theories of emotion - definition - fear and fear conditioning 2 Review of anatomy 5 The hippocampus - amygdaloid complex - septal

More information

Summarized by. Biointelligence Laboratory, Seoul National University

Summarized by. Biointelligence Laboratory, Seoul National University Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 3 rd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2008. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and db.-t. TZhang Biointelligence

More information

Do all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why

Do all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why Do all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why do we forget things? Learning Causes Forgetting: Interference

More information

This Lecture: Psychology of Memory and Brain Areas Involved

This Lecture: Psychology of Memory and Brain Areas Involved Lecture 18 (Nov 24 th ): LEARNING & MEMORY #1 Lecture Outline This Lecture: Psychology of Memory and Brain Areas Involved Next lecture: Neural Mechanisms for Memory 1) Psychology of Memory: Short Term

More information

Memory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP. Reading: BCP Chapter 25

Memory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP. Reading: BCP Chapter 25 Memory Systems II How Stored: Engram and LTP Reading: BCP Chapter 25 Memory Systems Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. Memory is the retention of learned information. Many different

More information

The origins of localization

The origins of localization Association Cortex, Asymmetries, and Cortical Localization of Affective and Cognitive Functions Michael E. Goldberg, M.D. The origins of localization The concept that different parts of the brain did different

More information

Henry Molaison. Biography. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Henry Molaison. Biography. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Henry Molaison From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 December 2, 2008), known widely as H.M., was an American memory disorder patient who had a bilateral medial

More information

Association Cortex, Asymmetries, and Cortical Localization of Affective and Cognitive Functions. Michael E. Goldberg, M.D.

Association Cortex, Asymmetries, and Cortical Localization of Affective and Cognitive Functions. Michael E. Goldberg, M.D. Association Cortex, Asymmetries, and Cortical Localization of Affective and Cognitive Functions Michael E. Goldberg, M.D. The origins of localization The concept that different parts of the brain did different

More information

Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.

Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Medium Spiny Neuron A Current Conception of the major memory systems in the brain Figure

More information

Synap&c Plas&city. long-term plasticity (~30 min to lifetime) Long-term potentiation (LTP) / Long-term depression (LTD)

Synap&c Plas&city. long-term plasticity (~30 min to lifetime) Long-term potentiation (LTP) / Long-term depression (LTD) Synap&c Plas&city synaptic connectivity constantly changes in response to activity and other factors During development: provides the basic wiring of the brain s circuits Throughout rest of life: basis

More information

NST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5)

NST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5) NST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5) Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition 4 Forms of memory. Neural basis of memory (1): amnesia, the hippocampus Rudolf Cardinal Department of Experimental

More information

Exam 2 PSYC Fall (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system

Exam 2 PSYC Fall (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system Exam 2 PSYC 2022 Fall 1998 (2 points) What 2 nuclei are collectively called the striatum? (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system

More information

shows syntax in his language. has a large neocortex, which explains his language abilities. shows remarkable cognitive abilities. all of the above.

shows syntax in his language. has a large neocortex, which explains his language abilities. shows remarkable cognitive abilities. all of the above. Section: Chapter 14: Multiple Choice 1. Alex the parrot: pp.529-530 shows syntax in his language. has a large neocortex, which explains his language abilities. shows remarkable cognitive abilities. all

More information

Morris water maze: standard test for spatial memory in rodents

Morris water maze: standard test for spatial memory in rodents Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 34 Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 35 Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 36 Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 37 Animal Models of Learning (Vertebrates) Morris water

More information

Consciousness Gleitman et al. (2011), Chapter 6, Part 1

Consciousness Gleitman et al. (2011), Chapter 6, Part 1 Consciousness Gleitman et al. (2011), Chapter 6, Part 1 Mike D Zmura Department of Cognitive Sciences, UCI Psych 9A / Psy Beh 11A March 11, 2014 T. M. D'Zmura 1 Consciousness Moment-by-moment awareness

More information

Introduction to Long-Term Memory

Introduction to Long-Term Memory Introduction to Long-Term Memory Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 04/26/2018: Lecture 05-4 Note: This Powerpoint presentation may contain macros that I wrote to help me create

More information

Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis

Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis 97 Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis a) Name the 5 main subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. Frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal, and limbic (on the medial side) b) Locate the

More information

Memory: Computation, Genetics, Physiology, and Behavior. James L. McClelland Stanford University

Memory: Computation, Genetics, Physiology, and Behavior. James L. McClelland Stanford University Memory: Computation, Genetics, Physiology, and Behavior James L. McClelland Stanford University A Playwright s Take on Memory What interests me a great deal is the mistiness of the past Harold Pinter,

More information

T D R V S R N L F Z R H. Neurociencia de Sistemas. Clase 1. Introducción. Clase 2. Registros extracelulares y Spike sorting.

T D R V S R N L F Z R H. Neurociencia de Sistemas. Clase 1. Introducción. Clase 2. Registros extracelulares y Spike sorting. Neurociencia de Sistemas Clase 1. Introducción Clase 2. Registros extracelulares y Spike sorting. Clase 3. Procesado de información visual. Clase 4. Percepción y memoria. Clase 5. Decodificación Teoría

More information

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Working memory short-term

More information

Brain Imaging Applied to Memory & Learning

Brain Imaging Applied to Memory & Learning Brain Imaging Applied to Memory & Learning John Gabrieli Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Institute for Medical Engineering & Sciences McGovern Institute for Brain Sciences MIT Levels of Analysis

More information

Linda Lušić Research fellow Department of neuroscience School of medicine. University of Split

Linda Lušić Research fellow Department of neuroscience School of medicine. University of Split Linda Lušić Research fellow Department of neuroscience School of medicine University of Split Nonassociative? Associative? Nonassociative learning when an animal or a person is exposed once or repeatedly

More information

Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy

Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy 1 Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: Describe the anatomy and main functions of the thalamus. Name and identify different nuclei

More information

Lecture 10: Some experimental data on cognitive processes in the brain

Lecture 10: Some experimental data on cognitive processes in the brain NN B 09 1 Lecture 10: Some experimental data on cognitive processes in the brain Wolfgang Maass Institut für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung Technische Universität Graz, Austria Institute for Theoretical

More information

THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD

THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Linking thought and movement simultaneously! Forebrain Basal ganglia Midbrain and

More information

Butter Food Eat Sandwich Rye Jam Milk Flour Jelly Dough Crust Slice Wine Loaf Toast

Butter Food Eat Sandwich Rye Jam Milk Flour Jelly Dough Crust Slice Wine Loaf Toast Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ /~ksweeney/psy260.html Comments on your comments Thank you! Some things that I can change NOW: Slow

More information

Declarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and

Declarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and Gallo Taste Learning and Memory in Aging Milagros Gallo, PhD Declarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and in humans involves conscious recall. 1 Visual recognition memory is

More information

October 2, Memory II. 8 The Human Amnesic Syndrome. 9 Recent/Remote Distinction. 11 Frontal/Executive Contributions to Memory

October 2, Memory II. 8 The Human Amnesic Syndrome. 9 Recent/Remote Distinction. 11 Frontal/Executive Contributions to Memory 1 Memory II October 2, 2008 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Human Amnesic Syndrome Impaired new learning (anterograde amnesia), exacerbated by increasing retention delay Impaired recollection of events learned prior

More information

Hippocampal brain-network coordination during volitionally controlled exploratory behavior enhances learning

Hippocampal brain-network coordination during volitionally controlled exploratory behavior enhances learning Online supplementary information for: Hippocampal brain-network coordination during volitionally controlled exploratory behavior enhances learning Joel L. Voss, Brian D. Gonsalves, Kara D. Federmeier,

More information

Online Journal Club-Article Review

Online Journal Club-Article Review Online Journal Club-Article Review Article Citation Study Objective/Purpose (hypothesis) Brief Background (why issue is important; summary of previous literature) Study Design (type of trial, randomization,

More information

HBEV: Non-Print Items

HBEV: Non-Print Items Non-Print Items Abstract: Amnesia is a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by a selective impairment in memory in the context of preserved intelligence and other cognitive abilities. Permanent amnesia

More information

Layered organization of cortex: Paleocortex 3 layers hippocampal formation / ventral & medial cortex closest to brainstem

Layered organization of cortex: Paleocortex 3 layers hippocampal formation / ventral & medial cortex closest to brainstem Layered organization of cortex: Paleocortex 3 layers hippocampal formation / ventral & medial cortex closest to brainstem Archicortex 3-4 layers hippocampal formation / amygdala Neocortex 6 layers more

More information

Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens

Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper Today: Wolfger von der Behrens wolfger@ini.ethz.ch 18.9.2018 Neurons Pyramidal neuron by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934, Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi in 1906) Neurons

More information

NEOCORTICAL CIRCUITS. specifications

NEOCORTICAL CIRCUITS. specifications NEOCORTICAL CIRCUITS specifications where are we coming from? human-based computing using typically human faculties associating words with images -> labels for image search locating objects in images ->

More information

correlates with social context behavioral adaptation.

correlates with social context behavioral adaptation. REVIEW OF FRONTAL LOBE STRUCTURES Main organization of frontal cortex: 1. Motor area (precentral gyrus). 2. Premotor & supplementary motor areas (immediately anterior to motor area). Includes premotor,

More information

Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk.

Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk. chunking Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk. clustering Organizing items into related groups during

More information

LONG TERM MEMORY. Learning Objective Topics. Retrieval and the Brain. Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory. LTP Brain areas Consolidation Reconsolidation

LONG TERM MEMORY. Learning Objective Topics. Retrieval and the Brain. Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory. LTP Brain areas Consolidation Reconsolidation LONG TERM MEMORY Retrieval and the rain Learning Objective Topics Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory LTP rain areas onsolidation Reconsolidation 1 Long-term memory How does info become encoded/stored in

More information

10/3/2016. T1 Anatomical structures are clearly identified, white matter (which has a high fat content) appears bright.

10/3/2016. T1 Anatomical structures are clearly identified, white matter (which has a high fat content) appears bright. H2O -2 atoms of Hydrogen, 1 of Oxygen Hydrogen just has one single proton and orbited by one single electron Proton has a magnetic moment similar to the earths magnetic pole Also similar to earth in that

More information

Anatomy of the basal ganglia. Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410

Anatomy of the basal ganglia. Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410 Anatomy of the basal ganglia Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410 danacoh@gmail.com The basal ganglia The nuclei form a small minority of the brain s neuronal population. Little is known about

More information

Neuroscience of Consciousness II

Neuroscience of Consciousness II 1 C83MAB: Mind and Brain Neuroscience of Consciousness II Tobias Bast, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham 2 Consciousness State of consciousness - Being awake/alert/attentive/responsive Contents

More information

The human brain. of cognition need to make sense gives the structure of the brain (duh). ! What is the basic physiology of this organ?

The human brain. of cognition need to make sense gives the structure of the brain (duh). ! What is the basic physiology of this organ? The human brain The human brain! What is the basic physiology of this organ?! Understanding the parts of this organ provides a hypothesis space for its function perhaps different parts perform different

More information

Neural plasticity in infants - relevance to baby swimming. Morten Overgaard

Neural plasticity in infants - relevance to baby swimming. Morten Overgaard Neural plasticity in infants - relevance to baby swimming Morten Overgaard Programme What is neuroscience? Totally superficial neuroanatomy Paradoxes of functional localization Mechanisms of neural plasticity

More information

Memory. Lynn Yen, class of 2009

Memory. Lynn Yen, class of 2009 Memory Lynn Yen, class of 2009 Objectives 1. Understand the different types of memory. 2. Describe where different types of memory are stored and the CNS structures involved in storage. 3. Describe how

More information

Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality

Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality The Study of Memory Has Two Parts: Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality (1) The Systems Problem of Memory: Where in the brain is memory stored? (2) The Molecular Problem

More information

The motor regulator. 2) The cerebellum

The motor regulator. 2) The cerebellum The motor regulator 2) The cerebellum Motor control systems outside the cortex Cerebellum -controls neural programs for the executionl of skilled movements Feed-back and feed-forward control circuits By

More information

Session Goals. Principles of Brain Plasticity

Session Goals. Principles of Brain Plasticity Presenter: Bryan Kolb Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Date: January 12, 2011 The FASD Learning Series is part of the Alberta government s commitment to programs and

More information

Overview of Brain Structures

Overview of Brain Structures First Overview of Brain Structures Psychology 470 Introduction to Chemical Additions Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. All parts are interrelated. You need all parts to function normally. Neurons = Nerve cells Listen

More information

Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003

Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003 Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003 Subcortical Anatomy 1. Be able to locate the following structures and be able to indicate whether they are located in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, pons,

More information

Functional Neuroanatomy. IBRO ISN African Neuroscience School 4-13 th Dec 2014 Nairobi, Kenya

Functional Neuroanatomy. IBRO ISN African Neuroscience School 4-13 th Dec 2014 Nairobi, Kenya Functional Neuroanatomy IBRO ISN African Neuroscience School 4-13 th Dec 2014 Nairobi, Kenya What is/are the function(s) of the nervous system? Sensation Perception Visceral activities (Homeostasis) Behavior

More information

Required Slide. Session Objectives

Required Slide. Session Objectives Vision: CNS 2018 Required Slide Session Objectives Visual system: CNS At the end of this session, students will be able to: 1. Understand how axons from the eyes travel through the optic nerves and tracts

More information

Anatomy and Physiology (Bio 220) The Brain Chapter 14 and select portions of Chapter 16

Anatomy and Physiology (Bio 220) The Brain Chapter 14 and select portions of Chapter 16 Anatomy and Physiology (Bio 220) The Brain Chapter 14 and select portions of Chapter 16 I. Introduction A. Appearance 1. physical 2. weight 3. relative weight B. Major parts of the brain 1. cerebrum 2.

More information

BIOMED 509. Executive Control UNM SOM. Primate Research Inst. Kyoto,Japan. Cambridge University. JL Brigman

BIOMED 509. Executive Control UNM SOM. Primate Research Inst. Kyoto,Japan. Cambridge University. JL Brigman BIOMED 509 Executive Control Cambridge University Primate Research Inst. Kyoto,Japan UNM SOM JL Brigman 4-7-17 Symptoms and Assays of Cognitive Disorders Symptoms of Cognitive Disorders Learning & Memory

More information

Why is dispersion of memory important*

Why is dispersion of memory important* What is memory* It is a web of connections Research has shown that people who lose their memory also lose the ability to connect things to each other in their mind It is these connections that let us understand

More information

Patient education : The Effects of Epilepsy on Memory Function

Patient education : The Effects of Epilepsy on Memory Function Patient education : The Effects of Epilepsy on Memory Function Patricia G. Banks, RN, MSNEd, CCRP, VHACM Program Coordinator National office of Neurology Louis Stoke Cleveland VAMC Thursday, June 6, 2013

More information

The Effects of Exercise on Memory. Is timing everything?

The Effects of Exercise on Memory. Is timing everything? The Effects of Exercise on Memory Is timing everything? Memory Declarative Non-declarative Facts Events Motor Priming Simple classical Non-associative conditioning learning Emotional responses Skeletal

More information

MODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

MODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL MODULE 32 MEMORY STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL ARE OUR LONG TERM MEMORIES PROCESSED AND STORED IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS? Our memories are flexible and superimposable, a panoramic blackboard with an endless supply

More information

Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making

Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making A Unifying Computational Neuroscience Approach Edmund T. Rolls University of Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology Oxford England OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents

More information

Importance of Deficits

Importance of Deficits Importance of Deficits In complex systems the parts are often so integrated that they cannot be detected in normal operation Need to break the system to discover the components not just physical components

More information

1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or to the head TA (jcolas).

1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or  to the head TA (jcolas). Bi/CNS/NB 150 Problem Set 5 Due: Tuesday, Nov. 24, at 4:30 pm Instructions: 1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or e-mail to the head TA (jcolas). 2) Submit with this cover page. 3) Use a

More information

THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND

THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Who has da control? Dictate behavior Voluntary behavior Involuntary behavior How conscious

More information

Cortex and Mind Chapter 5. Memory is stored knowledge about the internal and external environments; it includes perceptual and motor knowledge.

Cortex and Mind Chapter 5. Memory is stored knowledge about the internal and external environments; it includes perceptual and motor knowledge. Cortex and Mind Chapter 5 Memory is stored knowledge about the internal and external environments; it includes perceptual and motor knowledge. Review of classical classification of learning and memory

More information

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A. Hippocampus. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A. Hippocampus. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A Hippocampus Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. Common (Distributed) Model of Memory Processes Time Course of Memory Processes Long Term Memory DECLARATIVE NON-DECLARATIVE Semantic Episodic Skills

More information

Memory 2/15/2017. The Three Systems Model of Memory. Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information

Memory 2/15/2017. The Three Systems Model of Memory. Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information Chapter 6: Memory Memory Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information The Three Systems Model of Memory Each system differs in terms of span and duration 1 The Three Systems Model of

More information

Fall Benchmark 3 Review Guide AP Psychology

Fall Benchmark 3 Review Guide AP Psychology Fall Benchmark 3 Review Guide AP Psychology 1. What are the differences between a panic attack and generalized anxiety disorder and a phobia? 9. How does the overjustification effect apply to rewards?

More information

Introduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.

Introduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Introduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Definitions Learning: The acquisition of an altered behavioral response due to an

More information

The Central Nervous System

The Central Nervous System The Central Nervous System Cellular Basis. Neural Communication. Major Structures. Principles & Methods. Principles of Neural Organization Big Question #1: Representation. How is the external world coded

More information

Geography of the Forehead

Geography of the Forehead 5. Brain Areas Geography of the Forehead Everyone thinks the brain is so complicated, but let s look at the facts. The frontal lobe, for example, is located in the front! And the temporal lobe is where

More information

Organization of the nervous system 2

Organization of the nervous system 2 Organization of the nervous system 2 Raghav Rajan Bio 334 Neurobiology I August 22nd 2013 1 Orienting within the brain absolute axes and relative axes SUPERIOR (above) ANTERIOR (in front) Anterior/Posterior,

More information

to Cues Present at Test

to Cues Present at Test 1st: Matching Cues Present at Study to Cues Present at Test 2nd: Introduction to Consolidation Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 05/03/2018: Lecture 06-4 Note: This Powerpoint

More information

The motor regulator. 2) The cerebellum

The motor regulator. 2) The cerebellum The motor regulator 2) The cerebellum Motor control systems outside the cortex Cerebellum -controls neural programs for the executionl of skilled movements Cerebellar Peduncles Atlas Fig. 2-31 Atlas Fig.

More information