6. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is A) depression. B) muscular paralysis. C) aggression. D) schizophrenia. E) euphoria.

Transcription

1 Name: Date: 1. Research on left-handedness suggests that A) genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. B) a greater proportion of women than men are left-handed. C) left-handers generally demonstrate less artistic competence than right-handers. D) most left-handers process language primarily in their right hemisphere. E) left-handers live longer than right-handers. 2. The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in A) children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed. B) people paralyzed by a severed spinal cord. C) individuals with Alzheimer's disease. D) adults with aphasia. E) people free of any disease or brain damage. 3. When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of A) aphasia. B) reuptake. C) phrenology. D) tomography. E) plasticity. 4. If your is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand. A) cerebral cortex B) amygdala C) hippocampus D) angular gyrus E) corpus callosum Page 1

2 5. A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of A) tomography. B) brain plasticity. C) lateralization. D) hemispherectomy. E) aphasia. 6. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is A) depression. B) muscular paralysis. C) aggression. D) schizophrenia. E) euphoria. 7. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the A) dendrites. B) cell body. C) axon. D) myelin sheath. E) synapse. 8. The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the A) dendrite. B) axon. C) cell body. D) synapse. E) neurotransmitter 9. An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the A) initiation of neural impulses. B) release of endorphins into the central nervous system. C) release of hormones into the bloodstream. D) activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system. E) inheritance of behavioral predispositions. Page 2

3 10. Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of A) association areas. B) glial cells. C) synaptic gaps. D) interneurons. E) neural networks. 11. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the A) amygdala. B) dendrites. C) corpus callosum. D) myelin sheath. E) pituitary gland. 12. Reuptake refers to the A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. B) release of hormones into the bloodstream. C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane. D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. E) the ending of the refractory period. 13. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the A) cell body. B) synaptic gap. C) axon. D) myelin sheath. E) threshold. 14. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is A) inhibited by the myelin sheath. B) delayed by the refractory period. C) an all-or-none response. D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. E) primarily electrical rather than chemical. Page 3

4 15. The function of dendrites is to A) receive incoming signals from other neurons. B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. C) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain. E) transmit signals to other neurons. 16. The peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to A) motor neurons. B) neurotransmitters. C) interneurons. D) the sympathetic nervous system. E) the parasympathetic nervous system. 17. Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via A) interneurons. B) the circulatory system. C) sensory neurons. D) the sympathetic nervous system. E) the endocrine system. 18. An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the nervous system is to the nervous system. A) somatic; autonomic B) autonomic; somatic C) central; peripheral D) sympathetic; parasympathetic E) parasympathetic; sympathetic 19. A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple A) endocrine glands. B) endorphin agonists. C) neural networks. D) endorphin antagonists. E) reticular formations. Page 4

5 20. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into A) synaptic gaps. B) the bloodstream. C) the limbic system. D) sensory neurons. E) interneurons. 21. The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the A) limbic system. B) endocrine system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) reticular formation. E) central nervous system. 22. The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of A) interneurons. B) endorphins. C) neural networks. D) glial cells. E) lesions. 23. The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the A) limbic system. B) spinal cord. C) brainstem. D) cerebellum. E) frontal lobe. 24. The somatic nervous system is a component of the nervous system. A) peripheral B) autonomic C) central D) sympathetic E) parasympathetic Page 5

6 25. Motor neurons are an important part of the A) limbic system. B) reticular formation. C) peripheral nervous system. D) brainstem. E) motor cortex. 26. The most extensive regions of the cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory, are called the A) reticular formation. B) medulla. C) sensory areas. D) cerebellum. E) association areas. 27. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the A) angular gyrus. B) hypothalamus. C) motor cortex. D) reticular formation. E) frontal association area. 28. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the A) limbic system. B) sensory cortex. C) reticular formation. D) association areas. E) sympathetic nervous system. 29. The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as A) interneurons. B) Broca's area. C) frontal lobes. D) association areas. E) parietal lobes. Page 6

7 30. After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way to various locations in his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his A) cerebellum. B) thalamus. C) hypothalamus. D) association areas. E) autonomic nervous system. 31. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the A) thalamus. B) cerebellum. C) reticular formation. D) limbic system. E) angular gyrus. 32. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n) A) EEG. B) MRI. C) PET scan. D) brain lesion. E) X-ray. 33. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? A) thalamus B) amygdala C) medulla D) hippocampus E) cerebellum 34. After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have difficulty A) experiencing intense emotions. B) reading printed words. C) understanding what others are saying. D) tasting the flavors of foods. E) playing his guitar. Page 7

8 35. Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) hippocampus D) medulla E) cerebellum 36. Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your A) corpus callosum. B) angular gyrus. C) hippocampus. D) amygdala. E) thalamus. 37. In order to trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's A) motor cortex. B) hypothalamus. C) sensory cortex. D) reticular formation. E) limbic system. 38. Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back? A) parietal B) temporal C) occipital D) frontal E) cerebral. 39. Which part of your brain receives information that you are moving your legs? A) amygdala B) motor cortex C) sensory cortex D) hypothalamus E) Broca's area Page 8

9 40. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the A) amygdala. B) hippocampus. C) angular gyrus. D) corpus callosum. E) medulla. 41. Professor Shalet contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His idea is best described as a(n) A) theory. B) replication. C) naturalistic observation. D) illusory correlation. E) hindsight bias. 42. In a test of the effects of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights. This research is an example of A) naturalistic observation. B) survey research. C) a case study. D) an experiment. E) a correlational study. 43. The IQ scores of the five members of the Duluth family are 100, 82, 104, 96, and 118. For this distribution of scores, the range is A) 6. B) 14. C) 36. D) 48. E) To graphically represent the correlation between two variables, researchers often construct a A) skewed distribution. B) scatterplot. C) standard deviation. D) bar graph. E) pie chart. Page 9

10 45. In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a A) random sample. B) false consensus. C) double-blind. D) replication. E) placebo. 46. Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9, $8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings A) the median is greater than the mean and greater than the mode. B) the median is less than the mean and less than the mode. C) the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode. D) the median is less than the mean and greater than the mode. E) the median is equal to the mean and equal to the mode. 47. Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of A) naturalistic observation. B) illusory correlation. C) the double-blind procedure. D) random sampling. E) the false consensus effect. 48. The most foolproof way of testing the true effectiveness of a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is by means of A) survey research. B) case study research. C) naturalistic observation. D) correlational research. E) experimental research. Page 10

11 49. Evelyn wants to know how consistent her bowling scores have been during the past season. Which of the following measures would be most relevant to this specific concern? A) mean B) median C) scatterplot D) standard deviation E) correlation coefficient 50. The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution is the A) mean. B) range. C) median. D) standard deviation. E) correlation coefficient. 51. Dr. MacPherson believes that the way students organize and think about the information in their textbooks will strongly influence their ability to later remember and use what they have studied. Dr. MacPherson's ideas most directly exemplify the perspective. A) social-cultural B) cognitive C) psychodynamic D) behavior genetics E) neuroscience 52. A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a(n) perspective. A) evolutionary B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) social-cultural E) cognitive Page 11

12 53. Dr. Tiao conducts basic research on the effects of head injuries on people's problem-solving and abstract-reasoning skills. Which psychological specialty does her research best represent? A) developmental psychology B) biological psychology C) industrial/organizational psychology D) clinical psychology E) personality psychology 54. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association? A) Jean Piaget B) Francis Bacon C) Rosalie Rayner D) Mary Calkins E) Margaret Washburn 55. Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the perspective. A) psychodynamic B) social-cultural C) evolutionary D) behavioral E) cognitive 56. Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind? A) Aristotle B) John Locke C) Edward Titchener D) John Watson E) Socrates 57. Clinical psychologists specialize in A) constructing surveys. B) animal research. C) providing therapy to troubled people. D) providing drugs to treat behavioral disorders. E) treating patients in clinical settings. Page 12

13 58. Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a perspective on depression. A) neuroscience B) psychodynamic C) behavior genetics D) cognitive E) psychoanalytic 59. The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of A) SQ3R. B) introspection. C) humanistic psychology. D) multiple levels of analysis. E) structuralism. 60. Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) psychologist. A) social B) clinical C) developmental D) industrial/organizational E) biological Page 13

14 Answer Key - c2 Practice Test 1. A 2. A 3. E 4. E 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. E 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. E 35. C 36. E 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. E 41. A Page 14

15 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. E 46. D 47. C 48. E 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. C Page 15