Topic/Objective: Identify the structures and functions of

Transcription

1 Cornell Notes Textbook Diagrams Video notes Topic/Objective: Identify the structures and functions of the human nervous system. Name: Class/Period: Date: Essential Question: How does the nervous system receive sensory signals, integrate information, and send instructions to target cells in the body? Topics: Divisions of the Nervous System (video diagrams) Notes: CNS: Composed of Functions: PNS: 2 divisions - Afferent vs. Efferent Afferent: also called Efferent: also called Efferent division can be subdivided into 2 parts: 1) division, which carries out functions Examples of functions (3): 2) division, which carries out functions Examples of functions (3):

2 Autonomic division can be further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, working together to create, or a physiological balance within your body. Sympathetic: also know as your or response Parasympathetic: also known as your and response The neuron: the functional unit of the nervous system There are three major classifications of neurons: 1) Afferent/sensory neurons: part of the nervous system 2) Efferent/motor neurons : part of the nervous system 3. Interneurons: part of the nervous system General Structure of a Neuron: label the diagram below. Give the function of each part (neuron anatomy diagram) Dendrites: Myelin Sheath: Soma: Nodes of Renvier: Axon: Axon Terminals:

3 Nerve Impulse & Synapse Be able to describe how a nerve impulse travels through a typical nerve cell, as well as the functions of the major players in the process (membrane transport proteins, concentration gradients, etc.) (nerve impulse & synapse diagram + reading) At rest, a neuron is charged on the inside compared to the outside of the cell. This is called its potential, and it is equal to about - mv. The potential is established by a membrane transport protein called the / pump. Its job is to move 3 ions out of the cell, and 2 ions into the cell. When the neuron receives a stimulus, it creates an potential, or a brief reversal in the charges inside and outside the cell. This is accomplished through the opening of voltage-sensitive gates (proteins), allowing ions to rush into the cell. As the impulse moves through an area, it then triggers the opening of ion gates, allowing ions out of the cell, reestablishing a negative charge inside the cell. The resting potential is re-established by the / pump. When the impulse reaches the axon, calcium ion gates open, and calcium enters the cell, triggering the release of through the transport process of. The bind to on the membrane of the target cell, triggering another potential, continuing the signal transmission. The area where a nerve cell interacts with a target cell is called a. Central Nervous System (CNS): The Brain: divided into 2 (almost) symmetrical hemispheres, left & right, connected by the Corpus Callosum Cerebrum: outermost layer of gray matter - 4 Lobes (each hemisphere) and associated structures. Highly convoluted (folded) Give the functions of each brain structure: Forebrain: Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe

4 Each lobe has specific set of functions, but all structures are highly integrated. (nervous system - cerebral hemispheres & brain structures and general functions diagrams) Brain Stem: Responsible for most basic autonomic and voluntary functions (think survival, heart beat, breathing, etc.) (brain structures and general functions diagram) Occipital lobe Limbic System Basal Ganglia Brain Stem Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla Cerebellum Diagram of the brain: label all of the structures listed above (temporal lobe not visible in median section)!

5 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Contains 2 types of nerves: Cranial nerves and spinal nerves. (cranial nerves diagram) Cranial Nerves: 12 (pair) - Name and give the function(s) of each I. VII. II. VIII. III. IX. IV. X. V. XI. VI. XII. (nervous system - organization diagram) Spinal Nerves: Humans have pairs of spinal nerves. These nerves branch off of the in symmetrical pairs through the foramen, and can be grouped by which region of the vertebral column they branch out of with, and what their function is. Individual nerves can contain fibers associated with functions and functions (mixed nerves). Summary:

6 Questions: Notes: Summary: