35-2 The Nervous System
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1 1 of 38
2 Do Now Finish the matching quiz. You may use your brain hat to help you. 2 of 38
3 35-2 The Nervous System What are the functions of the nervous system? 3 of 38
4 35-2 The Nervous System The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. 4 of 38
5 Neurons Neurons The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses. The cells that transmit these impulses are called neurons. 5 of 38
6 Neurons Neurons are classified according to the direction in which an impulse travels. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them. 6 of 38
7 Neurons Structures of a Neuron Axon terminals Cell body Nucleus Dendrites Myelin sheath Nodes Axon 7 of 38
8 Neurons The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body. It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm. Cell body 8 of 38
9 Neurons Dendrites extend from the cell body and carry impulses from the environment toward the cell body. Dendrites 9 of 38
10 Neurons The axon is the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body. Axon terminals Axon 10 of 38
11 Neurons The axon ends in axon terminals. Axon terminals Axon 11 of 38
12 Neurons The axon is sometimes surrounded by an insulating membrane called the myelin sheath. There are gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes, where the membrane is exposed. Impulses jump from one node to the next. Myelin sheath Nodes 12 of 38
13 Regions of the Cerebral Cortex Do Now: Correct the quiz in front of you. 13 of 38
14 Cerebellum controls balance works with the cerebrum to produce smooth, controlled, muscle movements 14 of 38
15 The Nerve Impulse The Moving Impulse An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment. 15 of 38
16 The Synapse The Synapse At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal. Usually the neuron makes contact with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The spot where an impulse is transferred to another cell is called a synapse (space between the neurons) 16 of 38
17 The Synapse A Synapse 17 of 38
18 The Synapse Neurotransmitters are chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell. Vesicle Neurotransmitter 18 of 38
19 The Synapse Neurotransmitters attach to membrane receptors on the next cell. Receptor A new impulse begins on the next neuron cell. 19 of 38
20 The Synapse Moments after binding to receptors, neurotransmitters are released from the cell surface. The neurotransmitters may then be broken down by enzymes, or taken up and recycled by the axon terminal. 20 of 38
21 Go Fish with Nervous Impulses Place cards in order. You may use the following list to arrange your cards: Order of Actions: 1. Message Received 2. Neuron Fires 3. Axon 4.Neurotransmitters 5. Synapse 6. Receptor 7. New Message 8. Recycle 21 of 38
22 Do Now: Label all the parts of the neuron and draw the direction of the impulse. 22 of 38
23 Credit Medical Art Service, Munich /, Wellcome Images Medical Art Service, Munich /, Wellcome Images 35-2 The Nervous System your nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) which is the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which connects everything to the brain and spinal cord 25 of 38
24 The Central Nervous System The Central Nervous System The CNS relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. 26 of 38
25 The Central Nervous System The CNS has a space filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid also permits exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and nervous tissue. 27 of 38
26 Let s take a closer look at the brain weighs g made up of about 100 billion neurons the most complex living structure on the universe Society for Neuroscience makes us who we are 28 of 38
27 The Brain The Brain The brain is the place to which impulses flow and from which impulses originate. 30 of 38
28 Cerebral cortex (Cerebrum) The Cerebrum / Cerebral Cortex Is the largest region of the brain. It controls the voluntary (conscious) activities. Used for intelligence, learning, judgment, memory, thought, reading and language, interpreting the senses 31 of 38
29 Let s conduct some neurological tests how does your brain process information? 32 of 38
30 How many black dots can you count? 33 of 38
31 Is this a spiral? 34 of 38
32 Are the lines straight or bent? 35 of 38
33 The Brain A deep groove divides the cerebrum into hemispheres, which are connected by a band of tissue called the corpus callosum. Let s the two sides of the brain talk to eachother.. 36 of 38
34 Do Now: Watch the video and take notes. - What symptoms did she show that indicated her brain was not functioning correctly? - What kind of surgery did the doctors perform? Video The Girl with Half a Brain (5.39min) 37 of 38
35 The Brain Each half of the cerebrum deals with the opposite side of the body: The left half of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body. The right half of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body. 38 of 38
36 The Brain Lobes of the Cerebrum 39 of 38
37 Regions of the Cerebral Cortex 40 of 38
38 Let s use your brain! What techniques do you use to help you remember.let s try a memory game. 41 of 38
39 Study the following for one minute: 42 of 38
40 You have 30 sec. to write down as many objects you can remember! 43 of 38
41 What were some of your tricks? All those tricks you described are common methods for committing information to memory (learning) 44 of 38
42 The Brain Cerebellum 45 of 38
43 Cerebellum controls balance works with the cerebrum to produce smooth, controlled, muscle movements 46 of 38
44 The Brain The Cerebellum It coordinates and balances the actions of the muscles so that the body can move gracefully and efficiently. 47 of 38
45 try to outsmart your foot 1. While sitting at your desk, lift your right foot off the floor and make clockwise circles with it. 2. Now, while doing this, draw the number '6' in the air with your right hand.. Your foot will change direction. You can t do it. It's preprogrammed in your brain! 48 of 38
46 The Brain Brain stem Pons Medulla oblongata 49 of 38
47 The Brain The Brain Stem The brain stem connects the brain and spinal cord. Regulates information flow between the brain and the rest of the body. Runs all involuntarily muscles (ones you cannot control) Blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing are controlled in the brain stem. 50 of 38
48 The Spinal Cord The Spinal Cord The spinal cord links the brain and the rest of the body. Information, including some kinds of reflexes, are processed directly in the spinal cord. A reflex is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus. 51 of 38
49 The Peripheral Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The PHS is all of the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and the spinal cord. 53 of 38
50 The Peripheral Nervous System Two divisions of the peripheral nervous system. The sensory division transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system. The motor division transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands. The motor division is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 54 of 38
51 The Peripheral Nervous System The Somatic Nervous System The SNS regulates conscious control activities such as the movement of skeletal muscles. Some somatic nerves are involved with reflexes. 55 of 38
52 Do Now: Watch the video. Diagram the reaction that occurs when your hand touches a hot stove. Use these terms in your diagram: Motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron, stimulus, receptor, spinal cord. 56 of 38
53 Reflex Arc The Withdrawal Reflex If you touch something hot, sensory receptors, stimulate a sensory neuron, which relays a signal to the spinal cord, which then sends a signal to a motor neuron to move your hand. 57 of 38
54 The Peripheral Nervous System Sensory neuron Reflex Arc Motor neuron Interneuron Spinal cord Effector (responding muscle) Sensory receptors 58 of 38
55 Do Now: Label the diagram in front of you. 59 of 38
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Human Anatomy & Physiology 11 Divisions of the Nervous System Karen W. Smith, Instructor Unit Three BRAIN & SPINAL CORD Refer to the following URLs. Be sure to study these along with your book. http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nervous.html
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Name Class Date. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.
Section 1: How Organ Systems Communicate KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate. VOCABULARY nervous system central nervous system (CNS)
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Nervous Tissue Nervous tissue is the term for groups of organized cells in the nervous system, which is the organ system that controls the body s
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Nerve Cell Communication Core Concept: Nerve cells communicate using electrical and chemical signals. Class time required: Approximately 40 minutes if Part 4 is completed for homework. Teacher Provides:
synapse neurotransmitters Extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles, or glands
neuron synapse The junction between the axon tip of a sending neuron and the dendrite of a receiving neuron Building block of the nervous system; nerve cell Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
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