18. The visual cortex is located in the: A) occipital lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) parietal lobe.

Transcription

1 Name: Date: 1. A biological psychologist would be more likely to study: A) how you learn to express emotions. B) how to help people overcome emotional disorders. C) life-span changes in the expression of emotion. D) the chemical changes that accompany emotions. 2. The myelin sheath that is on some neurons: A) increases the speed of neural transmission. B) slows neural transmission. C) regulates the release of neurotransmitters. D) does a. and c. E) does b. and c. 3. During an action potential, the electrical state of the axon becomes: A) polarized, as positively charged atoms are admitted. B) polarized, as negatively charged atoms are admitted. C) depolarized, as positively charged atoms are admitted. D) depolarized, as negatively charged atoms are admitted. 4. In a resting state, the axon is: A) depolarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. B) depolarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside. C) polarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. D) polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside. 5. Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse? A) axon dendrite cell body synapse B) dendrite axon cell body synapse C) synapse axon dendrite cell body D) axon synapse cell body dendrite E) dendrite cell body axon synapse 6. A neuron will generate action potentials more often when it: A) remains below its threshold. B) receives an excitatory input. C) receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs. D) is stimulated by a neurotransmitter. E) is stimulated by a hormone. 7. A strong stimulus can increase the: A) speed of the impulse the neuron fires. B) intensity of the impulse the neuron fires. C) number of times the neuron fires. D) threshold that must be reached before the neuron fires. 8. The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that: A) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins. B) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmitters. C) during withdrawal the brain's production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased. D) heroin destroys endorphin receptors in the brain. Page 1

2 9. Which of the following are/is governed by the simplest neural pathways? A) emotions B) physiological drives, such as hunger C) reflexes D) movements, such as walking E) balance 10. In the brain, learning occurs as experience strengthens certain connections in cell work groups called: A) action potentials. B) neural networks. C) endocrine systems. D) dendrites. E) synaptic gaps. 11. The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain's usage of glucose is called (in abbreviated form) the: A) PET scan. B) CT scan. C) EEG. D) MRI. 12. The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called: A) the EEG. B) a CT scan. C) a PET scan. D) MRI. 13. Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely, the damage occurred to the: A) thalamus. B) corpus callosum. C) reticular formation. D) cerebellum. 14. Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her: A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) hypothalamus. D) cerebellum. E) cerebrum. 15. Dr. Frankenstein made a mistake during neurosurgery on his monster. After the operation, the monster saw with his ears and heard with his eyes. It is likely that Dr. Frankenstein rewired neural connections in the monster's: A) hypothalamus. B) cerebellum. C) amygdala. D) thalamus. E) hippocampus. Page 2

3 16. Though there is no single control center for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the: A) limbic system. B) reticular formation. C) brainstem. D) cerebral cortex. 17. If Dr. Rogers wishes to conduct an experiment on the effects of stimulating the reward centers of a rat's brain, he should insert an electrode into the: A) thalamus. B) sensory cortex. C) hypothalamus. D) corpus callosum. 18. The visual cortex is located in the: A) occipital lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) parietal lobe. 19. Raccoons have much more precise control of their paws than dogs do. You would expect that raccoons have more cortical space dedicated to paw control in the of their brains. A) frontal lobes B) parietal lobes C) temporal lobes D) occipital lobes 20. Following a gunshot wound to his head, Jack became more uninhibited, irritable, and profane. It is likely that his personality change was the result of injury to his: A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) occipital lobe. D) frontal lobe. E) endocrine system. 21. Damage to will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language. A) the angular gyrus B) Broca's area C) Wernicke's area D) frontal lobe association areas 22. Three-year-old Marco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain's left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Research suggests that: A) he will never speak again. B) his motor abilities will improve so that he can easily use sign language. C) his right hemisphere will take over much of the language function. D) his earlier experience with speech will enable him to continue speaking. 23. The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres and that have been severed in split-brain patients form a structure called the: A) reticular formation. B) association areas. C) corpus callosum. D) parietal lobes. E) limbic system. Page 3

4 24. A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right hemisphere. She will be able to: A) identify the fork using her left hand. B) identify a knife using her left hand. C) identify a knife using either hand. D) identify a fork using either hand. 25. Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere? A) language B) learned voluntary movements C) arithmetic reasoning D) perceptual tasks 26. Anton is applying for a technician's job with a neurosurgeon. In trying to impress his potential employer with his knowledge of the brain, he says, After my father's stroke I knew immediately that the blood clot had affected his left cerebral hemisphere because he no longer recognized a picture of his friend. Should Anton be hired? A) Yes. Anton obviously understands brain structure and function. B) No. The right hemisphere, not the left, specializes in picture recognition. C) Yes. Although blood clots never form in the left hemisphere, Anton should be rewarded for recognizing the left hemisphere's role in picture recognition. D) No. Blood clots never form in the left hemisphere, and the right hemisphere is more involved than the left in recognizing pictures. 27. Which of the following is not true regarding brain organization and handedness? A) If a person has a left-handed identical twin, odds are that he or she will also be left-handed. B) Right-handedness is far more common than left-handedness throughout the world. C) On average, right-handers live longer than left-handers. D) Left-handers are more common than usual among people with reading disabilities. E) With age, the percentage of left-handers declines dramatically. 28. (Thinking Critically) Based on research, which of the following seems true about the specialized functions of the right and left hemispheres? A) They are more clear-cut in men than in women. B) They are more clear-cut in women than in men. C) Most complex tasks emerge from the activity of one or the other hemisphere. D) Most complex activities emerge from the integrated activity of both hemispheres. 29. Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called: A) agonists. B) neurotransmitters. C) hormones. D) enzymes. 30. The gland that regulates body growth is the: A) adrenal. B) thyroid. C) hypothalamus. D) pituitary. E) hyperthyroid. Page 4

5 31. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are that are released by the gland. A) neurotransmitters; pituitary B) hormones; pituitary C) neurotransmitters; adrenal D) hormones; adrenal E) hormones; thyroid 32. Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex? A) sensory neuron interneuron sensory neuron B) interneuron motor neuron sensory neuron C) sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron D) interneuron sensory neuron motor neuron 33. Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the: A) voluntary nervous system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. D) somatic nervous system. E) central nervous system. 34. Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the: A) sympathetic nervous system. B) somatic nervous system. C) parasympathetic nervous system. D) autonomic nervous system. 35. A biological psychologist would be most interested in the relationship between: A) body chemistry and violent behavior. B) skull shape and character traits. C) self-esteem and popularity. D) brain size and cell structure. 36. Dendrites are branching extensions of: A) neurotransmitters. B) endorphins. C) neurons. D) glial cells. E) endocrine glands. 37. The function of dendrites is to: A) receive incoming signals from other neurons. B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. C) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) control pain through the release of opiatelike chemicals into the brain. 38. An axon is: A) a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system. B) a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons. C) an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites. D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body. E) a junction between a sending and receiving neuron. Page 5

6 39. The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the: A) dendrite. B) axon. C) cell body. D) synapse. 40. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal within a single neuron travels from the: A) cell body to the axon to the dendrites. B) dendrites to the axon to the cell body. C) axon to the cell body to the dendrites. D) dendrites to the cell body to the axon. E) axon to the dendrites to the cell body. 41. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n): A) association area. B) myelin sheath. C) endocrine gland. D) glial cell. E) synaptic vesicle. 42. Neural impulses may travel as rapidly as: A) sound waves. B) light waves. C) 200 miles per hour. D) electricity through a wire. 43. A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the: A) synapse. B) agonist. C) action potential. D) myelin sheath. E) refractory period. 44. The depolarization of a neural membrane creates a(n): A) action potential. B) myelin sheath. C) lesion. D) neural network. E) interneuron. 45. An action potential is generated by the movement of: A) glial cells. B) hormones. C) vesicles. D) ions. 46. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is: A) inhibited by the myelin sheath. B) delayed by the refractory period. C) an all-or-none response. D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. Page 6

7 47. A slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggers: A) faster neural impulses. B) more intense neural impulses. C) more frequent neural impulses. D) all the above. 48. A synapse is a(n): A) chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions. B) automatic response to sensory input. C) neural network. D) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. E) neural cable containing many axons. 49. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called: A) hormones. B) neurotransmitters. C) synapses. D) genes. E) glial cells. 50. Reuptake refers to the: A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. B) binding of neurotransmitter molecules to dendritic receptor sites. C) inflow of partially charged ions through an axon membrane. D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. 51. Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the loss of neurons that produce: A) dopamine. B) acetylcholine. C) epinephrine. D) endorphins. 52. Epinephrine is to hormone as acetylcholine is to: A) synapse. B) action potential. C) endorphin. D) neurotransmitter. 53. Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter: A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin. 54. An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to: A) Alzheimer's disease. B) schizophrenia. C) Parkinson's disease. D) depression. 55. Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as: A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) insulin. Page 7

8 56. Botulin poisoning from improperly canned food causes paralysis by blocking the release of: A) endorphins. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) dopamine. 57. Endorphins are: A) neurotransmitters. B) sex hormones. C) endocrine glands. D) morphine antagonists. 58. Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as: A) acetylcholine. B) serotonin. C) endorphins. D) dopamine. E) epinephrine. 59. Hormone is to neurotransmitter as epinephrine is to: A) glucose. B) estrogen. C) steroids. D) insulin. E) endorphins. 60. Jason's painful withdrawal symptoms following heroin use were probably due in part to a reduction in his body's normal production of: A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) endorphins. 61. The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the nervous systems. A) autonomic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) peripheral 62. The central nervous system consists of: A) sensory and motor neurons. B) somatic and autonomic subsystems. C) the brain and the spinal cord. D) sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. 63. In order for you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system. A) the limbic system B) interneurons C) the reticular formation D) motor neurons E) sensory neurons Page 8

9 64. Sensory neurons are an important part of the: A) limbic system. B) reticular formation. C) peripheral nervous system. D) central nervous system. 65. Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your heart muscles by the: A) limbic system. B) somatic nervous system. C) central nervous system. D) autonomic nervous system. 66. EEG is to CT scan as: A) amplified recording of brain waves is to x-ray photography. B) x-ray photography is to amplified recording of brain waves. C) radioactive emission is to amplified recording of brain waves. D) amplified recording of brain waves is to radioactive emission. 67. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n): A) PET scan. B) hemispherectomy. C) CT scan. D) brain lesions. 68. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n): A) EEG. B) MRI. C) PET scan. D) lobotomy. 69. The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the: A) cerebellum. B) medulla. C) reticular formation. D) thalamus. 70. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? A) thalamus B) amygdala C) medulla D) hippocampus E) cerebellum 71. Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the formation of new memories? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) hippocampus D) medulla Page 9

10 72. The brainstem is to arousal as the limbic system is to: A) emotion. B) muscular coordination. C) respiration. D) language comprehension. 73. To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's: A) reticular formation. B) cerebellum. C) medulla. D) amygdala. 74. A brain tumor caused extensive damage to Mr. Thorndike's hypothalamus. It is most likely that he may suffer a loss of: A) visual perception. B) muscular coordination. C) sexual motivation. D) language comprehension. 75. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the: A) thalamus. B) cerebellum. C) reticular formation. D) limbic system. E) angular gyrus. 76. Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back? A) parietal B) temporal C) occipital D) frontal 77. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of: A) muscular coordination. B) language comprehension. C) visual perception. D) speaking ability. E) pain sensations. 78. Auditory stimulation is first processed in the lobes. A) occipital B) temporal C) frontal D) parietal 79. The occipital lobes are to as the temporal lobes are to. A) hearing; sensing movement B) seeing; sensing touch C) sensing pleasure; sensing pain D) seeing; hearing E) speaking; hearing Page 10

11 80. The sense of hearing is to the lobes as the sense of touch is to the lobes. A) frontal; occipital B) temporal; parietal C) parietal; temporal D) occipital; frontal 81. The motor cortex is located in the lobes. A) occipital B) temporal C) frontal D) parietal 82. A laboratory cat could be made to twitch its whiskers by direct stimulation of the lobes of its cerebral cortex. A) temporal B) occipital C) frontal D) parietal 83. The experience of auditory hallucinations by people with schizophrenia is most closely linked with the activation of areas in their: A) motor cortex. B) angular gyrus. C) temporal lobes. D) hypothalamus. 84. The ability to recognize familiar faces is disturbed by damage to the right lobe. A) frontal B) parietal C) occipital D) temporal 85. An impaired use of language is known as: A) tomography. B) plasticity. C) phrenology. D) aphasia. 86. The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as: A) Wernicke's area. B) Broca's area. C) the amygdala. D) the angular gyrus. E) the reticular formation. 87. Wernicke's area is typically located in the left lobe. A) parietal B) occipital C) temporal D) frontal Page 11

12 88. After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in: A) remembering past events. B) pronouncing words correctly. C) understanding what others are saying. D) recognizing familiar faces. 89. The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain: A) tomography. B) phrenology. C) hemispherectomy. D) aphasia. E) plasticity. 90. Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person's ability to: A) solve arithmetic problems. B) copy drawings. C) recognize faces. D) recognize familiar melodies. 91. The corpus callosum is a wide band of neural fibers that: A) enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body. B) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres. C) controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. D) directs the muscle movements involved in speech. 92. In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to: A) facially express emotions. B) solve arithmetic problems. C) understand simple verbal requests. D) process information in an orderly sequence. 93. The endocrine system consists of: A) glial cells. B) neural networks. C) interneurons. D) glands. 94. Hormones are the chemical messengers of the: A) cerebral cortex. B) autonomic nervous system. C) endocrine system. D) limbic system. E) reticular formation. 95. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into: A) synaptic gaps. B) the bloodstream. C) the limbic system. D) sensory neurons. E) interneurons. Page 12

13 96. If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release into your bloodstream. A) endorphins B) acetylcholine C) seratonin D) epinephrine E) insulin 97. The master gland of the endocrine system is the: A) thyroid gland. B) hypothalamus. C) adrenal gland. D) pituitary gland. E) pancreas. 98. Acetylcholine is to epinephrine as is to. A) sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system B) motor neuron; sensory neuron C) neurotransmitter; hormone D) agonist; antagonist E) parasympathetic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system Page 13

14 Answer Key 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. E 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. D Page 14

15 55. C 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. E 60. D 61. D 62. C 63. E 64. C 65. D 66. A 67. A 68. B 69. B 70. A 71. C 72. A 73. D 74. C 75. D 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. D 80. B 81. C 82. C 83. C 84. D 85. D 86. B 87. C 88. C 89. E 90. A 91. B 92. A 93. D 94. C 95. B 96. D 97. D 98. C Page 15