psychometric Title Authors Year Description Age range Comments properties Specific AdHD Scales: ADHD Rating Scale - IV

Transcription

1 Table 4. Specific scales, general psychopathology scales, and structured and semi-structured interviews for the assessment of ADHD in children and adolescents Title Authors Year Description Age range Specific AdHD : ADHD Rating Scale - IV Conners DuPaul Keith Conners, , ADHD screening and assessment scale point Likert type items , , Two subscales: Inattention and Hyperactivity, and one total score Each item represents each one of the ADHD symptoms according to DSM-IV criteria Two versions: parents and teachers ADHD screening and assessment scale. Sensitive to changes in treatment 3 versions: 1989: two scales for parents, long (CPRS-93, 93 items) and short (CPRS-48, 48 items); two scales for teachers, long (CTRS- 39, 39 items) and short (CTRS-28, 28 items 1987: two scales for parents, long (CPRS-R: L 80 items) and short (CPRS-R, L 28 items); two scales for teachers, long (CTRS-R:L 59 items) and short (CTRS-R:2 27 items 2008: two scales for parents, long (Conners 3-P(L) and short (Conners 3-P(S); two scales for teachers, long (Conners 3-T(L) and short (Conners E-T(S) and one self-administered version (Conners 3-SR) The long scales include general psychopathology items. The short scales are basically comprised of 4 subscales: Oppositionism, inattention, hyperactivity and ADHD Index 6-16 years (Ortiz, not published) years (Servera 2007) years (DuPaul, 1997; 1998) 118; years ( , ) 6-18 years (2008) years the (self-report 2008) 121 consistency: from 0.85 to 0.95 (Servera, ; Ortiz, not published) Adequate concurrent validity with Achenbarch scale attention problems (Ortiz, not published) consistency: 0.73 to 0.94 (Conners, 1998) 123 Criterion validity: sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 94.5% (Conners et al, 1998) 124 CPRS-48 in the Spanish population it does not reach satisfactory psychometric (Farre and Narbona, 1997) 121 and validated into Spanish (Servera & Cardo, 2007) 120 and validated into Catalan (Ortiz et al., not published) to Spanish by MSH 122 There are no normative data corresponding to the Conners for Spanish population.

2 ADHD Questionnaire EDAHscales Magallian SNAP-IV Juan Antonio Amador, Anna Farré and Juan Narbona García- Pérez & Magaz- Lago Swanson, Nolan and Pelma , ADHD symptom screening and assessment scale point Likert type items Two subscales: Inattention and hyperactivity and a total score Each item represents each one of the ADHD symptoms according to DMS-IV criteria Two version: Parents and teachers ADHD symptom screening and assessment scale 20 4-point Likert type items Two scales: Hyperactivity-Attention deficit (which is subdivided from Two subscales) and behavioural disorders One single version for teachers ADHD screening scale 17 items 3 subscales: Hyperkinesis-Hyperactivity, Attention deficit, Reflexivity deficit Two versions: Parents and teachers ADHD symptom screening and assessment scale Sensitive to changes in treatment 18 4-point Likert type items 2 subscales: Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and a total score Two version: Parents and teachers 4-12 years 6-16 years (teachers) 5-11 years consistency: 0.94 to Teachers, 0.85 to 0.89 parents Adequate validity concurrent with Achenbach scales attention problems. consistency: 0.84 to 0.93 Adequate validity concurrent with DSM- III criteria consistency: 0.60 to 0.71 consistency: Not published Reliability test-retest to 0.80 Bilingual version, Spanish-Catalan Normative data normative data It has cut-off points normative data The scores indicate the probability of having ADHD or not There are no normative data for the Spanish population.

3 Specific AdHD : Achenbach Behavioural Assessment System of children and adolescents BASC Achenbach Reynolds & Kamphaus , General psychopathology scale point Likert type items , 8 subscales: Inattention, Anxiety-Depression, Withdrawal- Depression, Somatic complaints, Social problems, thought problems, rule breaking behaviour, aggressive behaviour. They are grouped into two 2-tier factors: internalizing and externalizing. Three versions: for parents (CBCL), teachers (TRF) and selfreport (YSRF) Set of instruments that permits assessing the adaptative and disadaptative aspects of children s and adolescents behaviour. From 106 to 185 items (depending on version) 2 or 4-point Likert type : Externalizing problems (aggressiveness, hyperactivity, behavioural problems), Internalizing problems (anxiety, depression, somatisation), School problems (attention problems, learning problems), Other problems (atypical development, withdrawal), Adaptatiive skills (adaptability, leadership, social skills), other adaptative skills (skills for study), Behavioural symptoms index. Five components: a self-report (S); two evaluation questionnaires, one for parents (P) and another for tutors (T); a Structure history of the development and an observation system of the student years (CBCL, TRF) 6-18 years (CBCL, TRF) years (YSRF) Parents and teachers: 3-6 years years consistency: 0.84 to 0.94) consistency: 0.79 to 0.90 Test-retest reliability at 3 months: 0.78, 0.82 and 0.84 Inter-rater agreement: teachers of 0.83 and parents 0.63 and 0.71 Adequate concurrent validity with Achenbach and Conners scales (Spanish adaptation and validation) 132 Spanish translation by the UAB (Epidemiology and diagnosis unit in developmental psychopathology) 130 There are no normative data for Spanish population Spanish adaptation and validation by Research Team of the Complutense University of Madrid (Javier Gonzalez Marques, Sara Fernandez Guinea, Elena Perez Hernandex) and R D department of TEA Ediciones (Pablo Santamaria Fernandez) 132

4 SDQ Skills and Difficulties Questionnaire Robert Goodman Structured and semistructured interviews General psychopathology screening questionnaire 25 3-point Likert type items 5 scales: Emotional symptoms, Behavioural problems, hyperactivity/inattention, relationship problems with peers and prosocial behaviour Versions: Parents, teachers and adolescents Parents and teachers: 3 to 16 years Selfrport: 11 to 16 years Area under the ROC curve to discriminate psychiatric patients: 0.87 (CI 95%: ) for Parents and 0.85 (95% CI: ) for teachers (Goodman, 1997) 133 Useful in discrimination of psychiatric patients (Johnston et al., 2000) 134. Versions translated to Spanish, Catalan, Gallego and Basque ( Preliminary validation In Gallego (García-Cortizar, et al, 2000) 134 There are no normative data for the Spanish population. Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents DICA-IV Herjanic & Reich Most recent semistructured version Assesses an extensive group of psychopathological disorders in the child and adolescents population according to DMS-II and DSM-IV criteria Versions: Children, adolescents and parents 6-17 years years (adolescents) interviewers (K between 0.65 and 1.00) (de la Osa,, 1996) 136. Reliability test-retest: 0.78 to 0.86 in parents; 0.24 to 0.43 in selfreport and validated into Spanish (Ezpeleta,, 1997) 137 Requires previous training Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia in School Age Children KSADS Chambers Semistructured diagnostic interview Assesses past and present episodes of psychopathology in children and adolescents, according to DSM-IV and DSM-II-R criteria Several sections: Sociodemographic, screening questions for 46 diagnostic categories, diagnostic supplements and functioning 6-17 years interviewers (K between 0.76 and 1.00) (Ulloa, etal, 2006) 139 to Spanish (de la Peña,, ; Cesar Soutullo, Universidad de Navarra) ( clinica/ servicios-medicos/psiquiatria/ mas-sobre-eldepartamento/ unidades/ psiquiatria-infantil-yadolescente) Requires clinical training and experience of the interviewer

5 Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children DISC Shaffer, Structured interview Assesses psychopathological disorders in children and adolescents according to DSM-IV criteria Administered to parents (DISC-P) and to patients (DISC-C) 4-17 years (DISC-P) 11-7 years (DISC-C) Interviewers (K between 0.42 and 0.70 for parents; K between 0.10 and 0.80 for child/adolescent) (Bravo, et al, 2001) 142 to Spanish and validated in Puerto Rico (Bravo, et al, 2001) 142 Non-clinical personnel can administer it