1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements?

Transcription

1 Section: Chapter 10: Multiple Choice 1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements? p.358 frontal lobe hippocampus basal ganglia cerebellum 2. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for: p.358 planning movements. organizing movement sequences. producing specific movements. inhibiting spontaneous movements. 3. The premotor cortex is responsible for: p.358 planning movements. organizing movement sequences. producing specific movements. inhibiting spontaneous movements. 4. The primary motor cortex is responsible for: p.359 planning movements. organizing movement sequences. producing specific movements. inhibiting spontaneous movements. 1

2 5. In a person performing a sequence of finger movements, cerebral blood flow would increase in the: primary motor cortex. supplementary motor cortex. prefrontal motor cortex. all of the above. E. a and b. p The spinal cord functions in: E. conveying sensory and motor information between the brain and body. reflexive behaviors. walking. all of the above. a and b only. pp Wilder Penfield identified a motor homunculus in the: primary motor cortex. prefrontal cortex. premotor cortex. a and c. p On the motor homunculus: all muscles are given equal representation. an inverse relation exists between space allocated on the homunculus and motor control. areas of precise motor control are given a larger representation. no clear relationship exists between movement precision and the amount of area allocated on the motor cortex. p.366 2

3 9. What represents the "final common pathway"? sensory neurons muscles motor neurons the corticospinal tract p The "limb" regions of the motor homunculus are involved in activating motor neurons that move the arms, hands, and legs primarily on the, while the trunk regions of the motor homunculus are primarily involved in activating motor neurons that move the trunk primarily on the. p.369 same side of the body; opposite side of the body opposite side of the body; same side of the body same side of the body; same side of the body opposite side of the body; opposite side of the body 11. When lifting a heavy object, neurons of the motor cortex will: p.371 fire at the same rate as when lighter objects are lifted. fire at a lower frequency compared to when light objects are lifted. fire at a higher frequency compared to when light objects are lifted. release more neurotransmitter for each action potential. 12. In all animals, a larger proportion of the motor cortex is represented by: p.373 the tongue and paws/hands. the arms, legs, and other large muscle groups. no single area. There is equal representation of all muscles. muscles over which an animal has skilled and intricate control. 3

4 13. The sensory and motor cortex are: stable neocortical areas that are "fixed" in function after birth. stable neocortical areas that are "fixed" in function after puberty. changed only in response to damage. continuously modified with learning and experience. p Which of the following is not a part of the basal ganglia? p.375 flocculus amygdala caudate putamen 15. If cells of the caudate putamen are damaged, which one of the following motor disorders will be observed? p.376 hypokinetic behavior isokinetic behavior hyperkinetic behavior mesokinetic behavior 16. The globus pallidus is an internal component of the basal ganglia that is involved with: p.377 skilled motor movements. determining whether a movement will be large or small. species-specific behaviors. involuntary motor behaviors. 17. The flocculus of the cerebellum is involved with: p.378 control of balance and eye movements. control over the face and midline of the body. gross limb movements. fine finger and hand movements. 4

5 18. Tumors or damage to the midline of the cerebellum seriously disrupt: balance. eye movements. grasping. all of the above. E. a and b. p The cerebellum's role in motor behavior is primarily involved with: the timing of movements. initiating movements. maintaining movement accuracy. all of the above. E. a and c. p A patient with damage to her cerebellum is instructed to tap her finger to the same beat as a metronome. If the metronome is turned off, the patient: taps her finger with a stronger force. taps her finger at a different frequency. taps her finger with less force. a and b. p The contributes to motor control by adjusting the forces associated with movements, while the compares the intended movement with actual movement for the improvement of movement skill. pp motor cortex; cerebellum cerebellum; basal ganglia basal ganglia; motor cortex basal ganglia; cerebellum 5

6 22. To which of the following systems is the somatosensory system most closely linked? visual auditory motor all of the above p skin is much more richly endowed with receptors and is exquisitely more sensitive to a wider range of stimuli than skin. pp Glabrous; hairy Smooth; glabrous Smooth; hairy Hairy; glabrous 24. "Two-point sensitivity" is greatest on: hairy skin. glabrous skin. smooth skin. epidermal skin. 25. Which of the following receptors is most responsive to pain and temperature? pacinian corpuscles free nerve endings golgi tendon organs dendrites of alpha motor neurons 26. Pacinian corpuscles are most responsive to: movements of tendons. pain and temperature. pressure and flutter stimuli. all of the above. 6

7 27. The three major classes of sensory receptors are: nocioception, hapsis, proprioception. flocculoception, nocioception, hapsis. stasisception, nocioception, proprioception. flocculoception, nocioception, proprioception. 28. Nocioception is the perception of: fine touch. the location of one's body in space. pain. noise. 29. Hapsis is the perception of: fine touch. the location of one's body in space. pain. chemical irritants. 30. Proprioception is the perception of: fine touch. the location of one's body in space. pain. chemical irritants. 31. Which of the following receptors are "rapidly adapting receptors"? Meissner's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles Ruffini corpuscles all of the above 7

8 32. Which of the following receptors are "slowly adapting receptors"? E. Meissner's corpuscles Merkel's receptors hair receptors all of the above b and c 33. Somatosensory information is carried from the body to the CNS by the: p.383 ventral-root ganglion neurons. dorsal-root ganglion neurons. gamma somatosensory neurons. corticospinal tract. 34. Hepatic and proprioceptive axons form the: p.384 dorsal spinothalamic tract. ventral spinothalamic tract. caudal spinothalamic tract. rostral spinothalamic tract. 35. Axons that carry information about pain and temperature form the: p.384 dorsal spinothalamic tract. ventral spinothalamic tract. caudal spinothalamic tract. rostral spinothalamic tract. 8

9 36. According to the gate theory of pain transmission, activity in the can inhibit the pain pathway in the spinal cord. p.386 motor cortex hepatic/proprioceptive pathway nocioceptive pathway corticospinal pathway 37. Pain in blood vessels and internal organs that is felt as pain at the body surface is known as: p.387 transferred pain. relocated pain. referred pain. transposed pain. 38. The vestibular system is located in the: p.388 brainstem. spinal cord. motor cortex. middle ear. 39. Vestibular receptors convey information about: changes in the direction of movement. changes in the speed of movement. the position of one's body in relation to gravity. all of the above. E. a and c. p.388 9

10 40. Action potentials in the semicircular canals are stimulated by: bending hair cells. endolymph. the utricle and saccule. Pacinian corpuscles. p The primary somatosensory cortex is found in the, while the secondary somatosensory cortex is located in the. precentral gyrus; postcentral gyrus parietal lobe; postcentral gyrus postcentral gyrus; parietal lobe precentral gyrus; parietal lobe p The homunculus on the primary somatosensory cortex is most similar to the homunculus found in the: E. primary motor cortex. secondary motor cortex. cerebellum. basal ganglia. visual cortex. p Damage to the primary motor cortex results in: impaired sensory discrimination on the ipsilateral side. impaired sensory discrimination on the contralateral side. impaired sensory discrimination on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side. no impairment of sensory discrimination. pp

11 44. How many homunculi are present in the primary somatosensory cortex? p Neurons in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex are responsive to: pp muscle sense. slow-adapting skin receptors. fast-adapting skin receptors. pressure. 46. The inability to accurately complete a plan of motor action is called: p.393 ataxia. aphasia. apraxia. acalcula. 47. Hair cells in the vestibular system fire more action potentials when the hair: p.388 is bent in a specific direction. vibrates at a specific frequency. is moved with a specific force. cells remain motionless. 48. Somatosensory and motor systems are closely interrelated at the level of the: neocortex. brainstem. spinal cord. all of the above. E. a and b. Answer Key p