Eating disorders and hyperactivity. By: Cristina González, Luis Mayo and Mariña Prego

Transcription

1 Eating disorders and hyperactivity By: Cristina González, Luis Mayo and Mariña Prego

2 1.- Eating disorders: What is it about? Origin and factors Treatment Examples and cases Index 2.- Hyperactivity (ADHD): What is it about? Origin Treatment Examples and cases 3.- Relationship between the two disorders 4.- Bibliography

3 Eating disorders They are a group of mental diseases that consist in negative or abnormal eating habits that affect the physical and mental health of the sufferer. These disorders seem to appear mostly in young people (usually teenagers), between the ten years to the young adulthood of the individual. Nonetheless,they also show themselves in the maturity. Generally these illness carry a distortion of self-image, an extreme obsession in weight control and an excess or deficiency in food intake. The most common are: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, pica, rumination disorder, drunkorexia, muscle dysmorphia, binge eating disorder (BED).

4 Origin Eating disorders can begin with worries about food and weight, they are much more than just food. People with eating disorders use food and food control as an attempt to compensate for feelings and emotions that are otherwise seen as unbearable.

5 Factors Psychological: Low self-esteem. Feelings of insufficiency or lack of control of your life. Depression, anxiety, anger and loneliness. Interpersonal: Problematic personal and family relationships. Difficulty expressing feelings and emotions. Being bullied or ridiculed based on size or weight. Physical or sexual abuse.

6 Social: Cultural pressures that glorify "thinness" and give it a value to get a "perfect body". Very specific definitions of beauty that include only women and men with certain weights and figures. Cultural norms that value people based on their physical appearance and not their internal qualities and virtues. Biological: In some individuals with eating disorders, it has been found that certain brain chemicals (called neurotransmitters) that control hunger, appetite, and digestion are not in a normal balance. That may also be determined by genetic.

7 Treatment for eating disorders Typical objectives in treatment of eating disorders are: restore a good nutrition, get a healthy body weight, minimize sport excess and stop binge eating. The plans for treatment are designed for the individual needs and can feature with one or more of these treatments: Psychotherapy Control and medical attention Nutritional Advice Medication

8 Anorexia nervosa Greek an- (prefix of negation) and orexis (which means appetite). Mainly we could say that this mental illness consists in the obsession and obstinacy of be thin, showing a huge fear of gaining weight, which leads to a food restriction. The sufferers of this disease usually see themselves overweight, although they are usually underweight, and refuse the fact that they are sick. Anorexia occurs in 0,9% to 4,3% of women and 0,2% to 0,3% of men in Western countries at some point in their life.

9 Anorexia nervosa s case Kate Chilver, considered for many experts one of the worst cases of this eating disorder. This woman, of 31 years old, died after being fighting against this disease for 16 years. She wasn t able to produce enough blood to maintain her vital functions, which lead to a cardiac arrest. She developed symptoms of the disease at the age of twelve years. Anorexia nervosa can kill.

10 Bulimia nervosa Bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating.

11 Bulimia nervosa Symptoms: Episodes of consuming a very large amount of food followed by behaviours to prevent weight gain, for example, self induced vomiting. During the binge eating episodes, feel out of control. Self- esteem Body image. Some people who suffer bulimia have to fight also with other conditions such as: Self- injury (cutting and other forms of self-harm without suicidal intention) Substance abuse (drugs) Impulsivity (risky sexual behaviours )

12 Criteria for diagnostic of bulimia nervosa According to the DSM-5 the official diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa are: Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: Eating in a discrete period of time an amount of food which most people can t eat during a similar period of time. Feeling of out of control over eating during the episode of binge. Recurrent inappropriate behaviour to prevent weight gain (induce vomiting, laxatives,diuretics, fasting or excessive exercise). Tooth decay

13 Criteria for diagnostic of bulimia nervosa The episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours occur once a week during three months. Self-evaluation is overly influenced by body shape and weight. The disturbances are not exclusively of episodes of Anorexia Nervosa.

14 Statistics Researchers followed a group of 496 adolescent girls for 8 years until they were 20, they found: 5.2% of the girls met criteria for DSM-5 anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating disorder. When the researchers included nonspecific eating disorder symptoms, a total of 13.2% of the girls had suffered from a DSM-5 eating disorder by age 20.

15 Case of Beth Cowan Beth Cowan is a 19 years old girl who lives in Chester-lee, Duham in England. She had overcome anorexia and bulimia thanks to her dream of being a model.

16 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Is a mental disorder that consists in having problems paying attention. It is also characterized by showing excessive activity, or difficulty to control personal behaviour. Problems in school and home. Symptoms: Easily distracted Miss details Forget things Boring with a task in minutes Struggle to follow Impatient, constantly in motion Instructions and talk nonstop

17 Origin The main cause of ADHD is inheritance. Approximately 75 percent of cases with this disorder have genetic causes. However, determining this origin is complicated because the pathology is not caused by a single gene. There are other factors, called perinatal, that are related to pregnancy, childbirth and the first months of life that can also produce ADHD. These are the consumption of tobacco and alcohol or the presence of fetal distress.

18 Treatment Pharmacological therapy: Allows correcting brain dysfunction during the hours it takes effect. -Stimulants: Methylphenidate -Not stimulants: Atomoxetine Parents and teachers want to know what the disorder is and act accordingly. Explain to the child what he has and if he is older, strategies must be given to improve inattention. Use psychotherapy if it is complicated by other disorders. School support.

19 Examples and cases

20 Correlation between ADHD and eating disorders There are some hypothesis proposed by searchers to explain the correlation between ADHD and eating disorders: The impulsivity and lack of attention of the ADHD can produce binge eating. Deficiency reward syndrome

21 Bibliography _ html

22