I just didn t see it It s all about hazard perception. Dr. Robert B. Isler Associate Professor School of Psychology University of Waikato Hamilton

Transcription

1 I just didn t see it It s all about hazard perception Dr. Robert B. Isler Associate Professor School of Psychology University of Waikato Hamilton Brake Professional Webinar, Tuesday 14 March 2017

2 New Zealand had a serious Road Safety problem in 1990 Traffic deaths per 100,000 population in individual representations since 1970 Source IRTAD

3 Unsafe NZ rural roads

4 Poor calibration Sole focus on traditional car handling skills training may lead to poor calibration Drivers may overestimate their skills and underestimate the task demand of driving. e.g., Kuiken, M.J. et al. 2001). Safe Driving and the training of calibration. SWOF report

5 Insight: Most drivers are poorly calibrated! Fact: More than 80% of drivers over-estimate their driving skills.

6 An attempt to address the cause..

7 Washington et al. (2011). European advanced driver training programs: Reasons for optimism. IATSS Research. Recent Shift in the Driver Training Philosophy The learner driver shall, after the education, achieve increased insight in the advantages of avoiding risks and has the opportunity to realistically assess his/her driving skills. Washington et al., 2011

8 Naturalistic driving with feedback Feedback on naturalistic driving uses evidence from measures of instrumented vehicles and videos. Toledo et et al. (2009). In vehicle data recorders for monitoring and feedback on drivers behaviour, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 16, McGehee et al.(2002). Extending parental monitoring using an event-triggered video intervention in rural teen drivers. Journal of Safety Research 38,

9 Road Safety Research since 1990

10 We steer in the direction we look!

11 We steer in the direction we look!

12 Eye Scanning Novice drivers - compared to more experienced drivers concentrate their search in a smaller area, closer to the front of the car have longer fixation times in hazardous situations have a smaller spread of search More effective Eye Scanning can be trained in the laboratory

13 The Frontal Lobe Project 2006 A double-blind, randomized controlled study of the effectiveness of higher level driving skills training to improve frontal lobe (executive) function related driving performance in young novice drivers

14 TARS Research Highlights 2006 TARS study Frontal Lobe : executive functions are still developing until 25 years 2011: Driver Licensing age increased from years

15 Executive functions of the frontal lobe Self Regulation Insight Motivation Working Memory Hazard Perception Impulse Control Visual Search

16 A sudden drop New Zealand crash stats 2010

17 GDE Matrix (Goals for Driving Education) Hatakka et al., 2002 Goals for life and skills for living Goals and context of driving Driving in traffic Vehicle Control (Modified a little) Knowledge and Skill Lifestyle, age, group, culture Roles of motives Route planning Situation awareness Hazard perception Car functioning Traffic rules Risk Increasing Sensation Seeking Alcohol, fatigue Distractions Disobeying rul. Speeding No seatbelts Worn-out tyres LEVEL OF IMPORTANCEE Self Assessment Self-Control Insight Motivation Own motives Calibration of driving skills Calibration of car control skills LEVEL OF IMPORTANCE

18 TARS Road Safety Research

19 TARS Research Highlights TARS Study found that mobile phone use while driving increases crash risk by 8 times! 1 November 2009: Mobile phone ban for drivers in New Zealand was confirmed.

20 TARS Research Highlights 2012 TARS study on the effects of alcohol on driving 1 December 2014: The blood alcohol limit for drivers dropped from 80 to 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.

21 Visual Search Situation Awareness Attention Hazard Perception Smoother Driving Fuel savings Safer Driving

22 Drugs Fatigue Stress Anxiety Alcohol Distraction Inattention Attentional Blindness Depression Hazard Perception Overtaking dangerously Speeding/Driving too slowly Following too closely Risky Driving Abrupt stopping

23 Can effective driver training be delivered on the internet? Easy online delivery Cost effective Convenient evaluation Large sample size

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25 Video-based traffic simulations Seen from a driver s perspective Safely on computers High quality Real-world scenarios Immediate feedback Interactive

26 Keeping young drivers engaged

27 Evaluation Online delivery offers convenient evaluation opportunities: edrive records all user inputs (e.g., response times to hazards, risks and questions) There are pre- and post- edrive trials on hazard perception to monitor any improvements Large sample size (e.g., N = 5,000)

28 First edrive evaluation results (N = 5,000) edrive improves percentage of hazards detected and hazard perception time Hazard perception time (msec)

29 Hazard Anticipation: Clip selection

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32 Coaching is more effective than instructing I am always ready to learn although I do not always like to be taught Einstein

33 Fleetcoach in partnership with UoW

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35 Do People drive the way they live

36 Video 2..and work?

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40 Drugs Fatigue Stress Anxiety Alcohol Distraction Inattention Attentional Blindness Depression Hazard Perception Overtaking dangerously Speeding/Driving too slowly Following too closely Risky Driving Abrupt stopping

41 Does life-satisfaction predict safe driving? Sample first, second and third year students - Age range: years; Mean: 24 years years (N=140); >25 years (N=20) females, 44 males

42 Demographics 1. Demographics: Age, Gender, Licence type, Mileage 2. Driving History: Fines, Near Misses and Crashes (Incidences) 3. Driver Behaviour Questionnaire: Driver Violations (20 Questions) 4. Three Dimensions of Well-being: Pleasure, Engagement, Meaning (18 Questions each)

43 Driver Violations Questionnaire In the future how often would you expect to do each of the following? 1. Speed over the legal limit 2. Be angry about a bad driver 3. Deliberately violate a road rule -20 Questions Never - 0 Certain - 4

44 r = p< 0.01 R 2 =.-028 Life Satisfaction Driver Violations

45 Next: Do drivers drive the way they work?

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47 Thank you! Associate Professor Robert B. Isler University of Waikato Hamilton, New Zealand