NOTES: CH 43, part 2 Immunity; Immune Disruptions ( )

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "NOTES: CH 43, part 2 Immunity; Immune Disruptions ( )"

Transcription

1 NOTES: CH 43, part 2 Immunity; Immune Disruptions ( )

2 Activated B & T Lymphocytes produce: CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE: involves specialized T cells destroying infected host cells HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE: occurs in the blood & lymph; involves activated B cells **BOTH responses are triggered by activated helper T cells!

3 T CELLS and the CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE * T cells are activated when an antigenpresenting cell displays a foreign antigen antigen Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) T cell!

4 T CELLS and the CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE Example: 1) a macrophage engulfs and digests a pathogen 2) the macrophage displays the antigens on its cell membrane using class II MHC.

5 3) the macrophage encounters a HELPER T CELL with the appropriate antigen receptor activates T cell 4) activated helper T cell stimulates B cell to produce antibodies specific for the displayed antigen

6 **Activated T H cells secrete CYTOKINES: -CYTOKINES = factors that stimulate other lymphocytes; -Interleukin-2 (IL-2): stimulates B cells to differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells (humoral response) and induces cytotoxic T cells to become active killers (cellmediated response!). -Interleukin-1 (IL-1): secreted from APCs; promotes activation of helper T cells w/same MHC-antigen receptors.

7

8

9 **Other T cells: CYTOTOXIC T CELLS: recognize nonself antigens on cancer cells or virus-infected cells; antigen-activated T C cells kill body cells that are infected by pathogens (or are cancerous). T C cells recognize and bind to antigen-class I MHC markers (host cells display antigens with class I MHC molecules); (T C cells have special plasma membrane proteins called CD8, which have an affinity for class I MHC molecules remember that class I MHC is found in all nucleated body cells)

10 Cytotoxic T Cell Response: -cytotoxic T cells then bind to the surfaces of the antigen-bearing cells, and release a protein (PERFORIN) that cuts openings in these cells, causing them to burst (LYSE)

11 CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE:

12 CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE:

13 Before....After A fully intact cancer cell surrounded by the immune systems killer t-cells. The cancer cell is surrounded and attacked by the killer T-Cells of the immune system. Scanning electron microscope pictures shows killer t-cells attacking the cancer cell. Notice the tentacles of the cancer cell. Notice how the cancer is completely flattened and totally destroyed. During the killing process, granules in a T-Cell fuse with the cell membrane and release units of the protein PERFORIN. These combine to form pores in the target cell membrane. Thereafter fluid and salts enter so that the target cell eventually bursts.

14 CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE:

15 T cells *Some T cells do not respond to the antigen on the first exposure they remain as MEMORY T CELLS; upon a second exposure to the same antigen, they respond quickly

16 B CELLS and the HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE * B cells are activated when they encounter (1) an antigen in the blood or lymph that fits its antigen receptors, & (2) an activated helper T cell that recognizes the same antigen

17 B CELLS and the HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE Example: 1) a B cell encounters an antigen in the blood or lymph that fits its antigen receptors internalizes & displays the antigen; 2) B cell encounters a helper T cell bearing receptors for the same displayed antigen this interaction activates the B cell!

18

19 3) some activated B cells specialize into PLASMA CELLS (antibody-producing cells) *(antibodies react against the antigen that stimulated their production!) more on this later 4) some activated B cells differentiate into MEMORY B CELLS (respond to subsequent exposures)

20

21 HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE:

22 HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE:

23

24 HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE:

25 HUMORAL & CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE:

26

27

28 TYPES OF ANTIBODIES antibodies are soluble proteins called IMMUNOGLOBULINS (Ig) 5 major types of antibodies: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE.

29 Antibody Structure and Function: epitope: a localized region on an antigen s surface that is recognized by antibodies structure:

30

31

32

33 ANTIBODY ACTIONS antibodies work by: 1) NEUTRALIZATION: bind directly to antigens on surface of pathogen (i.e. virus) blocking its ability to bind to a host cell!

34 ANTIBODY ACTIONS antibodies work by: 2) OPSONIZATION: binding to antigens on surface of bacteria promotes phagocytosis by macrophages or neutrophils -cause them to clump together (AGGLUTINATION) or form insoluble masses (PRECIPITATION)

35 AGGLUTINATION!

36

37 ANTIBODY ACTIONS 3) activating COMPLEMENT PROTEINS -a group of proteins that work together to produce a variety of effects: attract phagocytes formation of a Membrane Attack Complex that ruptures foreign cell membranes coating the cells/viruses, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis

38

39 ANTIBODY ACTIONS 4) stimulate changes in local areas that help prevent the spread of the antigens (i.e. promote inflammation)

40

41 CLASSIFICATION OF IMMUNITY 1) ACTIVE IMMUNITY when the person produces an immune response (including memory cells) to the antigen a result of direct exposure to the antigen long-lasting (memory cells)

42 ACTIVE IMMUNITY NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY: person is directly exposed to the pathogen, develops a disease, and acquires immunity ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY: person receives a vaccine

43 VACCINES **A VACCINE consists of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened or killed so they a cannot cause a serious infection; or could include a toxin that has been chemically altered to destroy its toxic effects -includes antigens that stimulate a primary immune response but does not produce the severe symptoms of disease

44

45 2) PASSIVE IMMUNITY person receives antibodies produced by another individual since the person does not produce the immune response themselves, this is shortterm only (as long as the antibodies remain in the blood) the person remains vulnerable to the antigen if exposed at a later date

46 PASSIVE IMMUNITY NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY: fetus acquires limited immunity from mother through placenta and/or breast milk (colostrum) ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY: person receives an injection of antiserum collected from a person who has already developed immunity against a particular disease

47

48 TRANSPLANTATION and TISSUE REJECTION TISSUE REJECTION REACTION: when a transplant recipient s immune system reacts against the donated tissue/organ

49 to minimize tissue rejection: match donor and recipient tissues use immunosuppressive drugs (help with transplant acceptance, but may increase the recipient s risk of infection)

50

51

52

53 Disruptions in Immune System Function: Allergies Autoimmune Diseases Immunodeficiency Diseases Attack on the Immune System (HIV)

54 ALLERGIC REACTIONS excessive and misdirected immune responses that may damage tissue triggered by antigens known as ALLERGENS the immune system attacks a nonharmful substance, such as chocolate

55

56 ALLERGIC REACTIONS 1) Delayed-reaction allergy: results from repeated exposure of the skin to certain chemicals (e.g. household chemicals, cosmetics) T cells and macrophages collect and release chemicals that cause eruptions and inflammation (DERMATITIS) delayed because it takes about 48 hours to develop

57 ALLERGIC REACTIONS 2) Immediate-reaction allergy: an inborn ability to overproduce IgE antibodies in response to certain antigens/allergens (i.e. pollen, pet dander, etc.) occurs within minutes of contact with allergen

58 Immediate-reaction allergy results from mast cells bursting and releasing allergy chemicals such as HISTAMINE causes blood vessels to dilate, tissues swell, contraction of bronchial and intestinal smooth muscles, increased mucus production the released chemicals cause allergy symptoms such as: hives, hay fever, asthma, eczema, or gastric disturbances

59

60

61 Extreme allergies **severe example of immediate-reaction allergy: ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK! mast cells throughout the body release histamine severe drop in blood pressure (could lose consciousness and possibly die) person must receive an injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) to restore blood pressure

62 AUTOIMMUNITY / AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS: the immune system manufactures AUTOANTIBODIES (antibodies that attack a person s own body tissues) may result from a previous viral infection, faulty T-cell development, or reaction to a nonself antigen that resembles a self antigen

63 Examples of Autoimmune Disorders: Lupus erythematous Rheumatoid arthritis Insulin-dependent diabetes Multiple sclerosis Heart valve damage Grave s disease Rheumatic fever

64

65 Immunodeficiency disease: affected individual is deficient in either humoral or cell-mediated immune defenses Examples: SCID Hodgkin s lymphoma some viral infections (e.g. AIDS) physical / emotional stress can compromise immune system

66 AIDS caused by retrovirus: HIV affected individuals are highly susceptible to opportunistic diseases, infections, cancers two major strains: HIV-1 and HIV-2 HIV infects T H cells, which carry CD-4 receptors on other surface

67

68

69 *HIV-positive = tests positive for presence of HIV-antibodies *AIDS = late stage of HIV infection -defined by reduced T-cell population -appearance of secondary infections -takes average of 10 years to reach this stage -viral load also good indicator

70 Secondary Infections

71 Transmission of HIV: transfer of body fluids: blood, semen most commonly via unprotected sex and unsterilized needles transmission during fetal development occurs in 25% of HIV-infected mothers blood transfusions (decline in incidence with screening procedures)

72

73 Drug therapies include: DNA-synthesis inhibitors reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g. AZT) protease inhibitors drugs to fight opportunistic infections (helps ease symptoms of secondary infections)

Topics in Parasitology BLY Vertebrate Immune System

Topics in Parasitology BLY Vertebrate Immune System Topics in Parasitology BLY 533-2008 Vertebrate Immune System V. Vertebrate Immune System A. Non-specific defenses against pathogens 1. Skin - physical barrier a. Tough armor protein KERATIN b. Surface

More information

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 In innate immunity, recognition and

More information

4) What causes lymph to move? Skeletal muscle contraction; smooth muscle contraction, breathing (like blood moves through veins)

4) What causes lymph to move? Skeletal muscle contraction; smooth muscle contraction, breathing (like blood moves through veins) NPHS Anatomy & Physiology UNIT 10 REVIEW GUIDE Lymphatic System 1) List the three functions of the lymphatic system. transports excess fluid to the bloodstream absorbs fats helps defend the body against

More information

Defense & the Immune System. Immune System Agenda 4/28/2010. Overview. The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity)

Defense & the Immune System. Immune System Agenda 4/28/2010. Overview. The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity) Defense &The Immune System Overview Immune System Agenda The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity) Defense & the Immune System Big Picture Defense Any means of preventing or

More information

Physiology Unit 3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response

Physiology Unit 3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response Physiology Unit 3 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response In Physiology Today The Adaptive Arm of the Immune System Specific Immune Response Internal defense against a specific pathogen Acquired

More information

Immunity. Chapter 38

Immunity. Chapter 38 Immunity Chapter 38 Impacts, Issues Frankie s Last Wish Infection with a common, sexually transmitted virus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers including the one that killed Frankie McCullogh 38.1 Integrated

More information

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions 1. Define 1) Immunity 2) Neutrophils 3) Macrophage 4) Epitopes 5) Interferon 6) Complement system 7) Histamine 8) Mast cells 9) Antigen 10) Antigens receptors 11)

More information

Immune System Notes Innate immunity Acquired immunity lymphocytes, humoral response Skin lysozyme, mucus membrane

Immune System Notes Innate immunity Acquired immunity lymphocytes, humoral response Skin lysozyme, mucus membrane Immune System Notes I. The immune system consists of innate and acquired immunity. A. An animal must defend itself against unwelcome intruders the many potentially dangerous viruses, bacteria, and other

More information

4/28/2016. Host Defenses. Unit 8 Microorganisms & The Immune System. Types of Innate Defenses. Defensive Cells Leukocytes

4/28/2016. Host Defenses. Unit 8 Microorganisms & The Immune System. Types of Innate Defenses. Defensive Cells Leukocytes Host Defenses Unit 8 Microorganisms & The Immune System CH 16-18 Host defenses that produce resistance can be either innate or adaptive: Innate: those that protect against any type of invading agent Adaptive:

More information

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Immunity Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific) Cell-mediated

More information

CH. 24. The Immune System

CH. 24. The Immune System CH. 24 The Immune System The immune systems consists of organs, cells, and molecules that fight infections and protect us from invaders. Pathogens: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Fungi 1. Innate (nonspecific)

More information

Lymphatic System. The targets of the immune defenses are infectious organisms such as,, parasites, fungi, and some protists.

Lymphatic System. The targets of the immune defenses are infectious organisms such as,, parasites, fungi, and some protists. Lymphatic System I. Non-specific Defenses The immune system is a body wide network of cells and organs that have evolved to defend the body against attacks by invaders. The targets of the immune defenses

More information

The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses

The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses 12PART B Adaptive Defense System: Third Line of Defense Immune

More information

Immune system. Aims. Immune system. Lymphatic organs. Inflammation. Natural immune system. Adaptive immune system

Immune system. Aims. Immune system. Lymphatic organs. Inflammation. Natural immune system. Adaptive immune system Aims Immune system Lymphatic organs Inflammation Natural immune system Adaptive immune system Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Disorders of the immune system 1 2 Immune system Lymphoid organs Immune

More information

Third line of Defense

Third line of Defense Chapter 15 Specific Immunity and Immunization Topics -3 rd of Defense - B cells - T cells - Specific Immunities Third line of Defense Specific immunity is a complex interaction of immune cells (leukocytes)

More information

Overview. Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter.

Overview. Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. Immunity Overview Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. The immune system recognizes foreign bodies and responds with the production of immune cells and proteins.

More information

Body Defense Mechanisms

Body Defense Mechanisms BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 13 Body Defense Mechanisms Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of

More information

Chapter 16 Lymphatic System and Immunity. Lymphatic Pathways. Lymphatic Capillaries. network of vessels that assist in circulating fluids

Chapter 16 Lymphatic System and Immunity. Lymphatic Pathways. Lymphatic Capillaries. network of vessels that assist in circulating fluids Chapter 16 Lymphatic System and Immunity network of vessels that assist in circulating fluids closely associated with the cardiovascular system transports excess fluid away from interstitial spaces transports

More information

CHAPTER 16: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY OBJECTIVES. Transport dietary fat. Transport excess tissue fluid back to blood stream

CHAPTER 16: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY OBJECTIVES. Transport dietary fat. Transport excess tissue fluid back to blood stream CHAPTER 16: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY OBJECTIVES 1. Name the organs that compose the lymphatic system and give three general functions performed by this system. Bone Marrow Control Disease Thymus Lymph

More information

I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms. Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense

I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms. Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense Innate Immunity involves nonspecific physical & chemical barriers that are adapted for

More information

Chapter 24 The Immune System

Chapter 24 The Immune System Chapter 24 The Immune System The Immune System Layered defense system The skin and chemical barriers The innate and adaptive immune systems Immunity The body s ability to recognize and destroy specific

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host SLOs Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity, and humoral and cellular immunity. Define antigen, epitope, and hapten. Explain the function

More information

What are bacteria? Microbes are microscopic(bacteria, viruses, prions, & some fungi etc.) How do the sizes of our cells, bacteria and viruses compare?

What are bacteria? Microbes are microscopic(bacteria, viruses, prions, & some fungi etc.) How do the sizes of our cells, bacteria and viruses compare? 7.1 Microbes, pathogens and you Chp. 7 Lymphatic System & Immunity The interaction between microbes and humans? Microbes are very abundant in the environment and as well as in and on our bodies GOOD: We

More information

Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems The Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems 1 The Lymphatic Vessels Lymphoid Organs Three functions contribute to homeostasis 1. Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream 2. Help defend the body against

More information

Chapter 24 The Immune System

Chapter 24 The Immune System Chapter 24 The Immune System PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction: The Kissing Disease?!?

More information

The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately

The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 INNATE IMMUNITY (all animals) Recognition of traits shared

More information

Overview of the Lymphoid System

Overview of the Lymphoid System Overview of the Lymphoid System The Lymphoid System Protects us against disease Lymphoid system cells respond to Environmental pathogens Toxins Abnormal body cells, such as cancers Overview of the Lymphoid

More information

The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection. Components of Human Immune System

The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection. Components of Human Immune System Chapter 17: Specific Host Defenses: The Immune Response The Immune Response Immunity: Free from burden. Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens. Immune

More information

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep invaders out of the body (pp. 772 773; Fig. 21.1; Table

More information

IMMUNITY AND DISEASE II

IMMUNITY AND DISEASE II IMMUNITY AND DISEASE II A. Evolution of the immune system. 1. Figure 1--57.25, p. 1167 from Raven and Johnson Biology 6 th ed. shows how the immune system evolved. Figure 1. How the immune system evolved.

More information

Chapter 13 Lecture Outline

Chapter 13 Lecture Outline Chapter 13 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Warm-up. Parts of the Immune system. Disease transmission. Disease transmission. Why an immune system? Chapter 43 3/9/2012.

Warm-up. Parts of the Immune system. Disease transmission. Disease transmission. Why an immune system? Chapter 43 3/9/2012. Warm-up Objective: Explain how antigens react with specific lymphocytes to induce immune response and immunological memory. Warm-up: Which of the following would normally contain blood with the least amount

More information

immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory. active immunity clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by crosslinking

immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory. active immunity clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by crosslinking active immunity agglutination allografts immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory. clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by crosslinking of antigenantibody complexes.

More information

Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II

Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II 1. Cell-Mediated Immune Response 2. Humoral Immune Response 3. Antibodies 1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response Basic Steps of Cell-Mediated IR 1 2a CD4 + MHC cl.

More information

1. Specificity: specific activity for each type of pathogens. Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen or foreign substance.

1. Specificity: specific activity for each type of pathogens. Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen or foreign substance. L13: Acquired or adaptive (specific) immunity The resistance, which absent at the time of first exposure to a pathogen, but develops after being exposed to the pathogen is called acquired immunity. It

More information

Unit 23: Immunity from Disease

Unit 23: Immunity from Disease Unit 5 The Human Body Unit 23 Immunity from Disease- Unit 23: Immunity from Disease Name: Period: Page 1 of 51 Unit 5 The Human Body Unit 23 Immunity from Disease- Chapter 23 assignments Pages/Sections

More information

Chapter 43. Immune System. phagocytosis. lymphocytes. AP Biology

Chapter 43. Immune System. phagocytosis. lymphocytes. AP Biology Chapter 43. Immune System phagocytosis lymphocytes 1 Why an immune system? Attack from outside lots of organisms want you for lunch! animals must defend themselves against unwelcome invaders viruses protists

More information

CHAPTER-VII IMMUNOLOGY R.KAVITHA, M.PHARM, LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR.

CHAPTER-VII IMMUNOLOGY R.KAVITHA, M.PHARM, LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR. CHAPTER-VII IMMUNOLOGY R.KAVITHA, M.PHARM, LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR. The Immune Response Immunity: Free from burden. Ability of an

More information

For questions 1-5, match the following with their correct descriptions. (24-39) A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. TH1 E. TH2

For questions 1-5, match the following with their correct descriptions. (24-39) A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. TH1 E. TH2 Questions Made by SI ATTENDEES!! :) Page 1 of 6 Student-Made Practice Exam Activity All questions, answers, and slide numbers are based off of Monday s SI activity, where students/attendees created possible

More information

Internal Defense Notes

Internal Defense Notes Internal environment of animals provides attractive area for growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi Harm via: 1. destruction of cells 2. production of toxic chemicals To protect against foreign invaders, humans

More information

2. The normal of the gut, and vagina keep the growth of pathogens in check. 3. in the respiratory tract sweep out bacteria and particles.

2. The normal of the gut, and vagina keep the growth of pathogens in check. 3. in the respiratory tract sweep out bacteria and particles. Chapter 39 Immunity I. Three Lines of Defense A. Surface Barriers to Invasion 1. is an important barrier. 2. The normal of the gut, and vagina keep the growth of pathogens in check. 3. in the respiratory

More information

Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 24 The Immune System Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 24 The Immune System Multiple-Choice Questions Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 24 The Immune System 24.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The body's innate defenses against infection include A) several nonspecific

More information

The Immune System. Chapter 43. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

The Immune System. Chapter 43. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 43 The Immune System PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Immune System. Biol 105 Chapter 13

Immune System. Biol 105 Chapter 13 Immune System Biol 105 Chapter 13 Outline Immune System I. Function of the Immune system II. Barrier Defenses III. Nonspecific Defenses A. Immune system cells B. Inflammatory response C. Complementary

More information

Chapter 38- Immune System

Chapter 38- Immune System Chapter 38- Immune System First Line of Defense: Barriers Nonspecific defenses, such as the skin and mucous membranes, are barriers to potential pathogens. In addition to being a physical barrier to pathogens,

More information

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS. Chapter 33

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS. Chapter 33 LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS Chapter 33 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM The lymphatic system has three main functions Take up excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream Receive fats called lipoproteins

More information

Guided Reading Activities

Guided Reading Activities Name Period Chapter 24: The Immune System Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Innate immunity Answer the following questions as you read modules 24.1 24.2: 1. Bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms

More information

Immunology. Lecture- 8

Immunology. Lecture- 8 Immunology Lecture- 8 Immunological Disorders Immunodeficiency Autoimmune Disease Hypersensitivities Immunodeficiency 1. Immunodeficiency --> abnormal production or function of immune cells, phagocytes,

More information

Immune System. Biol 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13

Immune System. Biol 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13 Immune System Biol 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13 Outline Immune System I. Function of the Immune system II. Barrier Defenses III. Nonspecific Defenses A. Immune system cells B. Inflammatory response C. Complementary

More information

General Biology. A summary of innate and acquired immunity. 11. The Immune System. Repetition. The Lymphatic System. Course No: BNG2003 Credits: 3.

General Biology. A summary of innate and acquired immunity. 11. The Immune System. Repetition. The Lymphatic System. Course No: BNG2003 Credits: 3. A summary of innate and acquired immunity General iology INNATE IMMUNITY Rapid responses to a broad range of microbes Course No: NG00 Credits:.00 External defenses Invading microbes (pathogens). The Immune

More information

Chapter 14. Lymphatic System and Immunity

Chapter 14. Lymphatic System and Immunity Chapter 14 Lymphatic System and Immunity 1 Introduction A. The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels that transport body fluids, the cells and chemicals in those vessels and the organs

More information

Chapter 40 Section 2 The Immune System

Chapter 40 Section 2 The Immune System Chapter 40 Section 2 The Immune System Science Standard 10a What is the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection? What is the function of the immune system? The immune system

More information

I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15

I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15 10/24/11 I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15 Immune System Lecture PowerPoint Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Defense Mechanisms Protect against

More information

Diseases-causing agents, pathogens, can produce infections within the body.

Diseases-causing agents, pathogens, can produce infections within the body. BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II 1 CHAPTER 16 Lecture: Dr. Lawrence G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. LYMPHATIC and IMMUNE Systems Body Defenses Against

More information

LECTURE PRESENTATIONS

LECTURE PRESENTATIONS LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 43 The Immune System Lectures by

More information

Third line of Defense. Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization!

Third line of Defense. Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization! Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) Topics - 3 rd Line of Defense - B cells - T cells - Specific Immunities 1 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization! (a) A painting of Edward Jenner depicts a cow

More information

1. Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries. A. ~1% C. ~25% E. ~85% B. ~10% D. ~50%

1. Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries. A. ~1% C. ~25% E. ~85% B. ~10% D. ~50% BIOL2030 Huaman A&P II -- Exam 3 -- XXXX -- Form A Name: 1. Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries. A. ~1% C. ~25% E. ~85% B. ~10% D. ~50% 2. Special lymphatic vessels called

More information

Immune System. Biology 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13

Immune System. Biology 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13 Immune System Biology 105 Lecture 16 Chapter 13 Outline: Immune System I. Functions of the immune system II. Barrier defenses III. Non-specific defenses A. Immune system cells B. Inflammatory response

More information

Chapter Pages Transmission

Chapter Pages Transmission Chapter 19.2 Pages 442-448 Transmission Immunity There are three lines of defense: 1 The skin and mucous membranes are a nonspecific barrier to infection. 2 Macrophages attack pathogens that enter the

More information

Immune System AP SBI4UP

Immune System AP SBI4UP Immune System AP SBI4UP TYPES OF IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY EXTERNAL DEFENCES INTERNAL DEFENCES HUMORAL RESPONSE Skin Phagocytic Cells CELL- MEDIATED RESPONSE Mucus layer Antimicrobial

More information

What is the function of blood? MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS IN THREE WAYS: TRANSPORT REGULATION PROTECTION

What is the function of blood? MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS IN THREE WAYS: TRANSPORT REGULATION PROTECTION What is the function of blood? MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS IN THREE WAYS: TRANSPORT REGULATION PROTECTION Components of Blood TRANSPORT Blood maintains homeostasis by transporting: O 2 Co 2 H 2 o Nutrients Waste

More information

Chapter 21: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Chapter 21: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Chapter 21: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses I. 2 main types of body defenses A. Innate (nonspecific) defense: not to a specific microorganism or substance B. Adaptive (specific) defense: immunity to

More information

The Immune System. Chapter 43. Overview: Reconnaissance, Recognition, and Response

The Immune System. Chapter 43. Overview: Reconnaissance, Recognition, and Response Chapter 43 Overview: Reconnaissance, Recognition, and Response The Immune System Barriers help an animal to defend itself from the many dangerous pathogens it may encounter The immune system recognizes

More information

Chapter 07 Lecture Outline

Chapter 07 Lecture Outline Chapter 07 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction

More information

PROBLEMS WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. Blood Types, Transplants, Allergies, Autoimmune diseases, Immunodeficiency Diseases

PROBLEMS WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. Blood Types, Transplants, Allergies, Autoimmune diseases, Immunodeficiency Diseases PROBLEMS WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Blood Types, Transplants, Allergies, Autoimmune diseases, Immunodeficiency Diseases Antigens on red blood cells determine whether a person has type A, B, AB, or O blood

More information

AP Biology. Why an immune system? Chapter 43. Immune System. Lines of defense. 1st: External defense. 2nd: Internal, broad range patrol

AP Biology. Why an immune system? Chapter 43. Immune System. Lines of defense. 1st: External defense. 2nd: Internal, broad range patrol Chapter 43. Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell lymph phagocytic leukocyte Why an immune system? Attack from outside lots of organisms want you for lunch! animals must defend themselves against

More information

Disruptions in the Immune

Disruptions in the Immune Disruptions in the Immune System Bởi: OpenStaxCollege A functioning immune system is essential for survival, but even the sophisticated cellular and molecular defenses of the mammalian immune response

More information

11/25/2017. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS BARRIER DEFENSES INNATE IMMUNITY OF VERTEBRATES

11/25/2017. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS BARRIER DEFENSES INNATE IMMUNITY OF VERTEBRATES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS Exoskeleton made of chitin forms the first barrier to pathogens Digestive system is protected by a chitin-based barrier and lysozyme,

More information

Immunity and Infection. Chapter 17

Immunity and Infection. Chapter 17 Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 The Chain of Infection Transmitted through a chain of infection (six links) Pathogen: Disease causing microorganism Reservoir: Natural environment of the pathogen Portal

More information

Defense mechanism against pathogens

Defense mechanism against pathogens Defense mechanism against pathogens Immune System What is immune system? Cells and organs within an animal s body that contribute to immune defenses against pathogens ( ) Bacteria -Major entry points ;open

More information

Immune System. Presented by Kazzandra Anton, Rhea Chung, Lea Sado, and Raymond Tanaka

Immune System. Presented by Kazzandra Anton, Rhea Chung, Lea Sado, and Raymond Tanaka Immune System Presented by Kazzandra Anton, Rhea Chung, Lea Sado, and Raymond Tanaka Content Standards 35.1 In innate immunity, recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of pathogens 35.2

More information

I. Critical Vocabulary

I. Critical Vocabulary I. Critical Vocabulary A. Immune System: a set of glands, tissues, cells, and dissolved proteins that combine to defend against non-self entities B. Antigen: any non-self chemical that triggers an immune

More information

Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System

Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System Section 1 Phagocytosis plays an important role in the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Review the process

More information

The Immune System. Specific Immunity

The Immune System. Specific Immunity The Immune System Specific Immunity What You Should Know Immune surveillance A range of white blood cells constantly circulate monitoring the tissues. If tissues become damaged or invaded, cells release

More information

Unit 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses

Unit 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Unit 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses I. The Lymphatic System A. Consists of two semi-independent parts 1. Lymphatic vessels 2. Lymphoid tissues and organs B. Lymphatic system functions 1. Transports

More information

Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE

Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE The Adap4ve Arm of the Immune System Specific Immune Response Internal defense against a specific pathogen Acquired as you are exposed to diseases The immune

More information

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White Blood Cells (WBCs) YOUR ACTIVE IMMUNE DEFENSES 1 ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE 2! Innate Immunity - invariant (generalized) - early, limited specificity - the first line of defense 1. Barriers - skin, tears 2. Phagocytes - neutrophils,

More information

35.2 Defenses against Infection

35.2 Defenses against Infection 35.2 Defenses against Infection Key Questions At the end of this section you should be able to answer the following questions: What are the two types of infections? What are examples of each? How does

More information

BIOL 1030 Introduction to Biology: Organismal Biology. Spring 2011 Section A. Steve Thompson:

BIOL 1030 Introduction to Biology: Organismal Biology. Spring 2011 Section A. Steve Thompson: BIOL 1030 Introduction to Biology: Organismal Biology. Spring 2011 Section A Steve Thompson: stthompson@valdosta.edu http://www.bioinfo4u.net 1 Keeping the bad guys at bay immunology The vertebrate immune

More information

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Exposure to pathogens naturally activates the immune system. Takes days to be effective Pearson Education, Inc.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Exposure to pathogens naturally activates the immune system. Takes days to be effective Pearson Education, Inc. The innate immune interact with the adaptive immune system 1. Damage to skin causes bleeding = bradykinin activated, resulting in inflammation 2. Dendritic phagocytose pathogens Adaptive immunity 4. Dendritic

More information

A. Incorrect! The duodenum drains to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. B. Incorrect! The jejunum drains to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes.

A. Incorrect! The duodenum drains to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. B. Incorrect! The jejunum drains to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. USMLE Step 1 Problem Drill 11: Immunology Question No. 1 of 10 1. A 67 year old man is discovered to have metastatic disease involving his inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. His primary cancer is most likely

More information

Immunity. Acquired immunity differs from innate immunity in specificity & memory from 1 st exposure

Immunity. Acquired immunity differs from innate immunity in specificity & memory from 1 st exposure Immunity (1) Non specific (innate) immunity (2) Specific (acquired) immunity Characters: (1) Non specific: does not need special recognition of the foreign cell. (2) Innate: does not need previous exposure.

More information

Instructor s Guide. Films for the. Humanities & Sciences i A Wealth of Information. A World of Ideas. The Human Body: How It Works THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Instructor s Guide. Films for the. Humanities & Sciences i A Wealth of Information. A World of Ideas. The Human Body: How It Works THE IMMUNE SYSTEM i A Wealth of Information. A World of Ideas. Instructor s Guide The Human Body: How It Works Introduction This program is part of the nine-part series The Human Body: How It Works. The series uses physiologic

More information

Immune System and Disease. Chapter 31

Immune System and Disease. Chapter 31 Immune System and Disease Chapter 31 31.1 PATHOGENS AND HUMAN ILLNESS Key Concept Germs cause many diseases in humans Microogranisms (microscopic particles) cause certain diseases proposed by Louis Pasteur

More information

Unit 3 Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter Immune System

Unit 3 Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter Immune System Biology 2201 Unit 3 Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter 11.4 - Immune System Compiled by S. Whalen What is Immunity? Immunity Immunity The ability of the body to fight infection and/or foreign invaders by producing

More information

The Immune System. by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College

The Immune System. by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College The Immune System by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College What is the immune system? defense system found in vertebrates Two categories Nonspecific specific provides protection from pathogens

More information

生命科学基础 (21)- 动物的免疫器官. The Immune System. KE, Yuehai 柯越海. Zhejiang University, School of Basic Medical Sciences (BMS-ZJU) 浙江大学基础医学院

生命科学基础 (21)- 动物的免疫器官. The Immune System. KE, Yuehai 柯越海. Zhejiang University, School of Basic Medical Sciences (BMS-ZJU) 浙江大学基础医学院 生命科学基础 (21)- 动物的免疫器官 The Immune System KE, Yuehai 柯越海 Zhejiang University, School of Basic Medical Sciences (BMS-ZJU) 浙江大学基础医学院 Outlines The Immune System 1. Innate immunity 2. Adaptive immunity 3. Immune

More information

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity The Immune System Biological mechanisms that defend an organism must be 1. triggered by a stimulus upon injury or pathogen attack 2. able to counteract the injury or invasion 3. able to recognise foreign

More information

Cells of the Immune System. White Blood Cells Phagocytes - Neutrophils - Macrophages Lymphocytes

Cells of the Immune System. White Blood Cells Phagocytes - Neutrophils - Macrophages Lymphocytes THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Blood Cells Cells of the Immune System White Blood Cells Phagocytes - Neutrophils - Macrophages Lymphocytes Phagocytes Produced throughout life by the bone marrow. Scavengers remove dead

More information

Unit 12 - The Lymphatic System and 1

Unit 12 - The Lymphatic System and 1 Unit 12 - The Lymphatic System and 1 I. Unit 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses A. The Lymphatic System 1. Consists of two semi-independent parts a) Lymphatic vessels b) Lymphoid tissues and organs

More information

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS D R S H O AI B R AZ A

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS D R S H O AI B R AZ A HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS D R S H O AI B R AZ A HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS Are exaggerated immune response upon antigenic stimulation Individuals who have been previously exposed to an antigen are said

More information

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? CHAPTER 16 THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The adaptive immune system protects us from many infections The adaptive immune system has memory so we are not infected by the same pathogen

More information

KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.

KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans. 31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans. 31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness Germ theory states that microorganisms

More information

Disorders Associated with the Immune System

Disorders Associated with the Immune System PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System Disorders of the Immune System Disorders of the

More information

3/28/2012. Immune System. Activation of Innate Immunity. Innate (non-specific) Immunity

3/28/2012. Immune System. Activation of Innate Immunity. Innate (non-specific) Immunity Chapter 5 Outline Defense Mechansims Functions of B Lymphocytes Functions of T Lymphocytes Active and Passive Immunity Tumor Immunology Diseases Caused By Immune System Immune System Anatomy - Lymphoid

More information

Understanding basic immunology. Dr Mary Nowlan

Understanding basic immunology. Dr Mary Nowlan Understanding basic immunology Dr Mary Nowlan 1 Immunology Immunology the study of how the body fights disease and infection Immunity State of being able to resist a particular infection or toxin 2 Overview

More information

Ch. 11: Immune Physiology. 1. Review Immune Organs & Cells. Immune system = The cells and organs involved in defense against pathogens and cancer.

Ch. 11: Immune Physiology. 1. Review Immune Organs & Cells. Immune system = The cells and organs involved in defense against pathogens and cancer. Ch. 11: Immune Physiology Objectives: 1. Review immune organs & cells. 2. Two types of immunity. 3. Understand functions of immune cells (T-cells and B-cells) 4. Understand autoimmunity disorders. 1. Review

More information

phagocytic leukocyte Fighting the Enemy Within Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell lymph system

phagocytic leukocyte Fighting the Enemy Within Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell lymph system Fighting the Enemy Within phagocytic leukocyte Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell lymph system AP Biology 2006-2007 Avenues of attack Points of entry digestive system respiratory system urinary

More information

Immune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn

Immune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn Immune System 37 section 2 The Immune System Biology/Life Sciences 10.b Students know the role of antibodies in the body s response to infection. Also covers: Biology/Life Sciences 10.a, 10.e, 10.f Components

More information

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 CHAPTER 16: NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES OF THE HOST I. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE A. Mechanical Barriers (Physical

More information