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1 Obure, CD; Vassall, A; Michaels-Igbokwe, C; Terris-Prestholt, F; Mayhew, S; Stackpool-Moore, L; Warren, C; Integra research team; Watts, C (2012) Optimising the cost and delivery of HIV counselling and testing services in Kenya and Swaziland. Sexually transmitted infections, 88 (7). pp ISSN Downloaded from: Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at or alternatively contact researchonline@lshtm.ac.uk. Available under license: Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives

2 W1 Fox J, Nastouli E, Thomson E, et al. Increasing incidence of acute hepatitis C in individuals diagnosed with primary HIV in the United Kingdom. AIDS. 2008;22(5): W2 Danta M, Brown D, Bhagani S, et al. Recent epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus in HIVpositive men who have sex with men linked to high-risk sexual behaviours. AIDS. 2007;21(8): W3 Richardson D, Fisher M, Sabin Caroline A. Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis C in MSM May Not Be Confined to Those with HIV Infection. J Infect Dis. 2008;197(8): W4 Buffington J, Murray PJ, Schlanger K, et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in men who have sex with men who do not inject drugs. Public Health Rep. 2007;122 Suppl 2:63-7. W5 Lama JR, Lucchetti A, Cabezas C, et al. Lack of Evidence of Hepatitis C and HIV Co- Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81(1): W6 Dionne-Odom J, Osborn MK, Radziewicz H, et al. Acute hepatitis C and HIV coinfection. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2009;9(12): W7 Browne R, Asboe D, Gilleece Y, et al. Increased numbers of acute hepatitis C infections in HIV positive homosexual men; is sexual transmission feeding the increase? Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80: W8 Hall CS, Charlebois ED, Hahn JA, et al. Hepatitis C Virus Infection in San Francisco's HIV-infected Urban Poor. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(4): W9 Ruiz-Sancho A, Barreiro P, Castellares C, et al. Outbreak of Syphilis, but Not of Acute Hepatitis C, Among HIV-Infected Homosexual Men in Madrid. HIV Clin Trials. 2007;8(2): W10 Brooks JT, Richardson JT, Spradling PR, et al. Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), th Annual AIDS Conference; Vienna, Austria W11 Fisher M, Richardson D, Sabin C. Acute Hepatitis C in Men Who Have Sex With Men Is Not Confined to Those Infected with HIV, and Their Number Continues to Increase. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Los Angeles, CA, USA W12 van der Helm JJ, Prins M, del Amo J, et al. The hepatitis C epidemic among HIV-positive MSM: incidence estimates from 1990 to AIDS. 2011;25(8): W13 Elm Ev, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):6.

3 W14 The Cochrane Collaboration. The Cochrane Collaboration open learning material : Combining studies [cited 2012 June 14]; Available from: W15 Segura M, Sosa Estani S, Marone R, et al. Buenos Aires Cohort of Men who have sex with Men: Recruitment, retention and seroincidence of HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections. 3rd International AIDS Society; Rio de Janeiro W16 Van Den Berk G, Blok W, Barends H, et al. Rapid Rise of Acute HCV Cases among HIV-1-infected Men Who Have Sex with Men, Amsterdam. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Montreal, Canada W17 Stellbrink H-J, Schewe CK, Vogel M, et al. Incidence, Genotype Distribution, and Prognosis of Sexually Transmitted Acute Hepatitis C in a Cohort of HIV-infected Patients. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Montreal, Quebec W18 Hammer GP, Kellogg TA, McFarland WC, et al. Low incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among sexually active non-intravenous drug-using adults, San Francisco, Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30(12): W19 Alary M, Joly JR, Vincelette J, et al. Lack of evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in a prospective cohort study of men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(3): W20 Ruan Y, Jia Y, Zhang X, et al. Incidence of HIV-1, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections and Predictors Associated With Retention in a 12-Month Follow-Up Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Beijing, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009; 52: W21 Jin F, Prestage GP, Matthews G, et al. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C in homosexual men: data from two cohorts of HIV-negative and HIV-positive men in Sydney, Australia. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(1):25-8. W22 Hao C, Yan H, Yang H, et al. The incidence of syphilis, HIV and HCV and associated factors in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Nanjing, China. Sex Transm Infect. 2011;87(3): W23 Rauch A, Rickenbach M, Weber R, et al. Unsafe sex and increased incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex wth men: the Swiss cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41: W24 Ghosn J, Deveau C, Goujard C, et al. Increase in hepatitis C virus incidence in HIV-1- infected patients followed up since primary infection. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2006;82(6):

4 W25 Ruf M, Cohuet S, Maguire H, et al. Setting up an enhanced surveillance of newly acquired hepatitis C infection in men who have sex with men: a pilot in London and South East region of England. Euro Surveill. 2008;13(47):20. W26 Palacios R, Mata R, Aguilar I, et al. High seroprevalence but low incidence of HCV infection in a cohort of patients with sexually transmitted HIV in Andalusia, Spain. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic III). 2009;8(2): W27 Bottieau E, Apers L, Van Esbroeck M, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: sustained rising incidence in Antwerp, Belgium, Euro Surveill. 2010;15(39): W28 Barfod TS, Omland LH, Katzenstein TL. Incidence and characteristics of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Copenhagen, Denmark during four years ( ): a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Infect Dis. 2011;43(2): W29 Gamage DG, Read TRH, Bradshaw CS, et al. Incidence of hepatitis-c among HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a sexual health service: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:39. W30 Taylor LE, Holubar M, Wu K, et al. Incident hepatitis C virus infection among US HIVinfected men enrolled in clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(6): W31 Sun H-Y, Chang S-Y, Yang Z-Y, et al. Recent hepatitis C virus infections in HIVinfected patients in Taiwan: incidence and risk factors. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(3): W32 Person AK, Caram LB, Wodds CW, et al. Exploring the CDC Guidelines: Co-Infections in HIV infected individuals. 45th Annual Meeting of IDSA; San Diego, CA W33 Williams IT, Bell BP, Kuhnert W, et al. Incidence and Transmission Patterns of Acute Hepatitis C in the United States, Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(3): W34. Workowski KA, Berman S. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59. W35 Do AN, Hanson DL, Dworkin MS, et al. Risk factors for and trends in gonorrhea incidence among persons infected with HIV in the United States. AIDS. 2001;15(9): W36 Branger J, van der Meer JT, van Ketel RJ, et al. High incidence of asymptomatic syphilis in HIV-infected MSM justifies routine screening. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36(2):84-5. W37 Stellbrink HJ, Schewe CK, Vogel M, et al. Incidence, Genotype Distribution, and Prognosis of Sexually Transmitted Acute Hepatitis C in a Cohort of HIV-infected Patients. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Montreal, Quebec

5 W38 van den Berg C, Smit C, Bakker M, et al. Major decline of hepatitis C virus incidence rate over two decades in a cohort of drug users. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(3): W39 Honeycutt AA, Harris JL, Khavjou O, et al. The costs and impacts of testing for hepatitis C virus antibody in public STD clinics. Public Health Rep. 2007;122 S 2: W40 The Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version [cited 2012 June 14]; Available from:

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